感觉器官解剖生理优秀PPT.ppt

感觉器官解剖生理你现在浏览的是第一页，共88页Section one the Eyeball 一、The structure of eyeball The eyeball comprises the wall of the eyeball and the contents enclosed by it 你现在浏览的是第二页，共88页你现在浏览的是第三页，共88页(一)The Wall of Eyeball It consists of three tunics(layers)，from outside inwards，which are the fibrous tunic，the vascular tunic and retina 你现在浏览的是第四页，共88页1 The fibrous tunic(outer supporting layer)consists of the sclera behind and the cornea in front.1)The sclera a.features:posterior five-sixths of the outer layer.strong,white and opaqueb.scleral venous sinus(Schlemm canal)2)The cornea a.features:anterior one-sixth of the outer layer.transparent and non-vascular,but rich nerve terminals 你现在浏览的是第五页，共88页你现在浏览的是第六页，共88页2.The vascular tunic consists of the iris,the ciliary body and the choroid 1)The iris a.location and shapeb.pupil c.sphincter and dilator pupillae d.iridocorneal anglee.colour:brown,dark,blue.depends upon the number and placement of pigment cells(melanocytes)你现在浏览的是第七页，共88页你现在浏览的是第八页，共88页你现在浏览的是第九页，共88页你现在浏览的是第十页，共88页你现在浏览的是第十一页，共88页2)The ciliary body a.location and shape b.ciliary ring and ciliary processes c.ciliary muscle d.ciliary zonule(suspensory ligament)e.function:produce aqueous humor 你现在浏览的是第十二页，共88页3)The choroid a.location and shape:posterior two thirds of choroidb.features:numerous blood vessels and pigment cells 你现在浏览的是第十三页，共88页你现在浏览的是第十四页，共88页3.The inner tunic(the retina)1)Division:the optic part,ciliary part and iridial part2)Construction:two layers outer pigmented layer and inner neuroretina(photoreceptors:rod and cone cells)3)Optic disc(blind spot)4)Macula lutea:fovea centralisvision is sharpest 你现在浏览的是第十五页，共88页你现在浏览的是第十六页，共88页你现在浏览的是第十七页，共88页你现在浏览的是第十八页，共88页你现在浏览的是第十九页，共88页（二）The contents of the eyeball include the aqueous humor,the vitreous body and the lens.With the cornea altogether to form the refractive media.你现在浏览的是第二十页，共88页l.The chambers of the eye:between the cornea and the lens;and divided into the anterior and the posterior chambers by the iris.It is filled with aqueous humor.2.The aqueous humor:produced by the capillaries of the ciliary processes.It is colourless,transparent and watery fluid.你现在浏览的是第二十一页，共88页你现在浏览的是第二十二页，共88页你现在浏览的是第二十三页，共88页3.The lens 1)Location:lies between the iris and the vitreous body.2)Features:transparent and elastic,biconvex body lacking vessels and nerves3）Structures:outer cortex and inner nucleus 你现在浏览的是第二十四页，共88页你现在浏览的是第二十五页，共88页4.The vitreous body colourless,transparent and jelly-like substance.It fills the space between the lens and the retina(the vitreous chamber)你现在浏览的是第二十六页，共88页Section two the accessory organs of eye The accessory organs of the eye includes the eyelid,the conjunctiva,the lacrimal apparatus,the extraocular muscles and the fasciae.你现在浏览的是第二十七页，共88页一、The eyelids(or palpebrae)include the upper and lower eyelids1Structures:Palpebral fissure,lacrimal papilla and punctum2 Layers:skin,subcutaneous areolar tissue,orbicularis oculi,tarsus,and conjunctiva.你现在浏览的是第二十八页，共88页你现在浏览的是第二十九页，共88页你现在浏览的是第三十页，共88页你现在浏览的是第三十一页，共88页二、The conjunctiva Division:bulbar conjunctiva,palpebral conjunctiva and conjunctival fornix 你现在浏览的是第三十二页，共88页三、The Lacrimal Apparatus consists of the lacrimal gland and tbe lacrimal passages 你现在浏览的是第三十三页，共88页1 The lacrimal gland:lies in the lacrimal fossa of the orbit你现在浏览的是第三十四页，共88页你现在浏览的是第三十五页，共88页2 The lacrimal passages1)The lacrimal punctum 2)The lacrimal ductule(canaliculus)3)The lacrimal sac 4)The nasolacrimal duct 你现在浏览的是第三十六页，共88页四、The extraocular muscles1 The four rectus muscles the medial and lateral rectuses,the superior and posterior rectuses 2 The two oblique musclesthe superior obliquus(superior oblique m.)and the inferior obliguus(inferior oblique m.)3 The levator palpebrae superioris 你现在浏览的是第三十七页，共88页你现在浏览的是第三十八页，共88页你现在浏览的是第三十九页，共88页五、The connective tissue in the Orbit1 The adipose body of orbit2 The sheath of eyeball(the capsule of Tenon)3 The episcleral space 你现在浏览的是第四十页，共88页你现在浏览的是第四十一页，共88页Section three The blood vessels of eye一、The arteries of eye supplied by the ophthalmic artery1 The central artery of retina:superior and inferior nasal retinal arteries,superior and inferior temporal retinal arteries2 The short posterior ciliary arteries:supply the choroid coat and ciliary process3 The long posterior ciliary arteries:supply the iris 你现在浏览的是第四十二页，共88页你现在浏览的是第四十三页，共88页你现在浏览的是第四十四页，共88页二、The veins of eye1 The ophthalmic veins:the superior and the inferior ophthalmic v.2 The central vein of retina 你现在浏览的是第四十五页，共88页你现在浏览的是第四十六页，共88页Chapter two the vestibulocochlear organ The vestibulocochlear organ is divided into three parts:the external,middle and internal ears.你现在浏览的是第四十七页，共88页Section one the external earThe external ear consists of the auricle,external acoustic meatus,and tympanic membrane 你现在浏览的是第四十八页，共88页1 The auricle 你现在浏览的是第四十九页，共88页2 The external acoustic meatusextends from the externa1 acoustic pore to the tympanic membrane 1)Two parts:lateral part:the cartilaginous part(one-third)medial part:the bony part(two-thirds)2)Direction:passes medially,its lateral part runs forwards and upwards,and then backwards and the medial part runs forwards and downwards 你现在浏览的是第五十页，共88页你现在浏览的是第五十一页，共88页3 The tympanic membrane oval in form,thin and semi-transparent1)Two parts:tense part(lower three fourths of tympanic membrane)and flaccid part(upper one fourth)2)The umbo3)Cone of light:lie anteroinferior to the tense part of umbo 你现在浏览的是第五十二页，共88页你现在浏览的是第五十三页，共88页Section two the middle ear The middle ear lies between the external and inner ears,and includes three parts:the tympanic cavity,the auditory tube and the mastoid cells.你现在浏览的是第五十四页，共88页1 The tympanic cavity l)The walls of the tympanic cavity six walls:a.The tegmental wall(superior wall)b.The jugular wall(inferior wall)c.The carotid wall(anterior wall)d.The mastoid wall(posterior wall)e.The membranous wall(lateral wall)f.The labyrinthine wall(medial wall)你现在浏览的是第五十五页，共88页你现在浏览的是第五十六页，共88页你现在浏览的是第五十七页，共88页2)The auditory ossicles a.three ossicles:the malleus,incus and stapes b.The muscles of the tympanic cavity:the tensor tympani and the stapedius 你现在浏览的是第五十八页，共88页你现在浏览的是第五十九页，共88页你现在浏览的是第六十页，共88页2 The auditory tube(Eustachian tube)the channel through which the tympanic cavity communicates with the nasopharynx.你现在浏览的是第六十一页，共88页你现在浏览的是第六十二页，共88页你现在浏览的是第六十三页，共88页3 The mastoid cells spaces in the mastoid process of the temporal bone 你现在浏览的是第六十四页，共88页你现在浏览的是第六十五页，共88页Section three the internal ear The internal(inner)ear lies in the petrous part of the temporal bone and consists of two parts:the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth.你现在浏览的是第六十六页，共88页你现在浏览的是第六十七页，共88页一、The bony labyrinth three parts:the cochlea,the vestibule and the semicircular canals.你现在浏览的是第六十八页，共88页1 The cochlea:looks like the shell of a snail and composed of the bony canal 你现在浏览的是第六十九页，共88页你现在浏览的是第七十页，共88页你现在浏览的是第七十一页，共88页2 The vestibule:the central part of the bony labyrinth.On its lateral wall,there are two openings:the fenestra vestibuli and the fenestra cochleae.On the posterior wall of the vestibule there are the five openings of the semicircular canals.On its anterior wall a large opening communicates with the scala vestibuli.你现在浏览的是第七十二页，共88页你现在浏览的是第七十三页，共88页3 The semicircular canals three in number,anterior(superior),posterior and lateral semicircular canal 你现在浏览的是第七十四页，共88页二、The membranous labyrinth from before backwards,includes:the cochlear duct,the utricle and saccule,and the membranous semicircular ducts.你现在浏览的是第七十五页，共88页你现在浏览的是第七十六页，共88页1 The cochlear ducta.Section of the cochlea:shows three channels:the scala tympani,scala vestibuli and the cochlear duct 你现在浏览的是第七十七页，共88页你现在浏览的是第七十八页，共88页你现在浏览的是第七十九页，共88页 b.the cochlear duct(transverse section)three walls:superior wallthe vestibular membranelateral wallthe thickend endosteum inferior wall the basilar membrane(spiral membrane)and the outer part of the lamina of modiolus The spiral organ on the basilar membrane 你现在浏览的是第八十页，共88页2 The utricle and saccule The maculae are the organs of static balance.你现在浏览的是第八十一页，共88页你现在浏览的是第八十二页，共88页你现在浏览的是第八十三页，共88页3 The semicircular ducts The ampullary crests are the organs of kinetic balance.你现在浏览的是第八十四页，共88页你现在浏览的是第八十五页，共88页三、The conduction of sound 你现在浏览的是第八十六页，共88页四、The internal acoustic meatus 你现在浏览的是第八十七页，共88页你现在浏览的是第八十八页，共88页