信息与通信工程专业介绍(英文版)(1).ppt

Brief Introduction to Information and Communication Engineering 2011.5.30Brief Introduction to Information and Communication EngineeringvAmong all of the essentials for human existence,the need to interact with others ranks just below our need to sustain life.Communication is almost as important to us as our reliance on air,water,food,and shelter.vThe methods that we use to share ideas and information are constantly changing and evolving.Whereas the human network was once limited to face-to-face conversations,media breakthroughs continue to extend the reach of our communications.From the printing press to mobile phone,each new development has improved and enhanced our communication.The development of Communication（1）In ancient times，information could be transferred through light or sound。光通信：中国-烽火台、希腊火炬的位置表示字母符号声通信：中国击鼓鸣金（2）Beginning and turning point：1837-Morse-telegram；1876-Bell-telephone；1895-Marconi-radioThe development of Communicationvdevelopment of transmission channel multicore cableCoaxial Cableoptical fiber 多芯电缆同轴电缆光纤vdevelopment of Communication components vacuum tubetransistorintegrate circuitlarge scale integrated circuit 真空管晶体管集成电路大规模集成电路vdevelopment of transmission method telegram voice Much carrier modulationpulse-code modulation 电报-声音多载波调幅pcmvdevelopment of range of message voice text graph，image 声音文字图形、图像 The development of CommunicationvAs with every advance in communication technology,the creation and interconnection of robust data networks is having a profound effect.vEarly data networks were limited to exchanging character-based information between connected computer systems.Current networks have evolved to carry voice,video streams,text,and graphics between many different types of devices.Previously separate and distinct communication forms have converged onto a common platform.This platform provides access to a wide range of alternative and new communication methods that enable people to interact directly with each other almost instantaneously.The future of Communication（3）5w：whatever wherever whoever whomever whenever 任何人在任何时间、任何地点接收来自任何人的任何信息The future of Communication Mobile Cellular NetworkMobile Cellular Network Mobile Ad Hoc Network Fixed NetworkFixed Network BSC BSC BSC WLANWLANWhat is Communication？vAs we all know，networks can support the way we learn，the way we work and the way we play.Living in a network-centric world,communication is an essential part of our lives.What is Communication？v Communication in our daily lives takes many forms and occurs in many environments.Each situation has its corresponding expected behaviors and styles.vEstablishing the Rules Before beginning to communicate with each other,we establish rules or agreements to govern the conversation.These rules,or protocols,must be followed in order for the message to be successfully delivered and understood.Among the protocols that govern successful human communication are:vAn identified sender and receivervAgreed upon method of communicating(face-to-face,telephone,letter,photograph)vCommon language and grammarvSpeed and timing of deliveryvConfirmation or acknowledgement requirements Ensure Quality of CommunicationsvCommunication between individuals is determined to be successful when the meaning of the message understood by the recipient matches the meaning intended by the sender.vThe external factors affecting communication are related to the complexity of the network and the number of devices a message must pass through on its route to its final destination.Ensure Quality of CommunicationsvInternal factors that interfere with network communication are related to the nature of the message itself.vBoth the internal and external factors that affect the receipt of a message must be anticipated and controlled for network communications to be successful.New innovations in network hardware and software are being implemented to ensure the quality and reliability of network communications.Communication over NetworksvBeing able to reliably communicate to anyone,anywhere,is becoming increasingly important to our personal and business lives.In order to support the immediate delivery of the millions of messages being exchanged between people all over the world,we rely on a web of interconnected networks.These data or information networks vary in size and capabilities,but all networks have four basic elements in common:vRules or agreements to govern how the messages are sent,directed,received and interpretedvThe messages or units of information that travel from one device to anothervA means of interconnecting these devices-a medium that can transport the messages from one device to anothervDevices on the network that exchange messages with each other The Elements of a NetworkvThe diagram shows elements of a typical network,including devices,media,and services,tied together by rules,that work together to send messages.The Elements of a Network：devicesThe Elements of a Network：devicesvSwitch-the most common device for interconnecting local area networksvFirewall-provides security to networksvRouter-helps direct messages as they travel across a network vWireless Router-a specific type of router often found in home networksThe Elements of a Network：mediumThe Elements of a Network：mediumvFor a network to function,the devices must be interconnected.Network connections can be wired or wireless.In wired connections,the medium is either copper,which carries electrical signals,or optical fiber,which carries light signals.In wireless connections,the medium is the Earths atmosphere,or space,and the signals are microwaves.The Elements of a Network：rulesvHuman beings often seek to send and receive a variety of messages using computer applications;these applications require services to be provided by the network.Some of these services include the World Wide Web,e-mail,instant messaging,and IP Telephony.Devices interconnected by medium to provide services must be governed by rules,or protocols.In the chart,some common services and a protocol most directly associated with that service are listed.The Elements of a Network：rulesThe Elements of a Network：messagesvIn the first step of its journey from the computer to its destination,our instant message gets converted into a format that can be transmitted on the network.All types of messages must be converted to bits,binary coded digital signals,before being sent to their destinations.This is true no matter what the original message format was:text,video,voice,or computer data.Once our instant message is converted to bits,it is ready to be sent onto the network for delivery.The Elements of a Network：messageschannelMultiple services-multiple networksvTraditional telephone,radio,television,and computer data networks each have their own individual versions of the four basic network elements.In the past,every one of these services required a different technology to carry its particular communication signal.Additionally,each service had its own set of rules and standards to ensure successful communication of its signal across a specific medium.Multiple services-multiple networksConverged Networks Technology advances are enabling us to consolidate these disparate networks onto one platform-a platform defined as a converged network.The flow of voice,video,and data traveling over the same network eliminates the need to create and maintain separate networks.On a converged network there are still many points of contact and many specialized devices-for example,personal computers,phones,TVs-but only one common network infrastructure.Converged NetworksWhat is required for us？vConverged networks,which carry all communications types(data,voice,and video)on one infrastructure,provide an opportunity to reduce costs and offer users feature-rich services and content.However,the design and management of converged networks requires extensive networking knowledge and skills if all services are to be delivered as expected to users.vDifferent types of communications flowing across our data networks need to be prioritized so that the time-sensitive and important data have the first use of limited network resources.vIntegrating security into data networks is essential if our private,personal,and business communications are not going to be intercepted,stolen,or damaged.What is required for us？vOk，now we have know that as a person，we need communication and we need personalized service and we need to keep the information safe and so on。Also，the networks that help pass our messages need to be designed，maintained and improved。So what does our society need？vWe need talents who are Information and Communication Engineering majors。Employment direction（就业方向）vTesting 测试 vSoftware Development 软件开发v Hardware Development 硬件研发 vOperations and Maintenance 运营维护 vNetwork Construction 网络建设Brief Introduction to Information and Communication Engineering