专题03 定语从句讲义高考英语一轮语法复习.docx
专题03 定语从句讲义 高中英语语法1、 定语从句定义修饰名词或者代词的句子先行词：被修饰的名词或者代词关系词：连接定语从句和主语之间的连接词关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which,as 关系副词有：when, where, why注意：定语从句中的所有连接词在定语从句中既充当成分，也起一个连接的作用，但是翻译的时候无意义。2、 关系代词的详解1. who, whom,that, 代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语或者表语。 注意：who在定语从句中作主语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。 He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. Do you know the guy who/that teaches Bob Spanish?2. which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语或者表语。 The package that/which he carries is my box. There is a factory that/which I visited before.3. Whose，所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，表示所属关系，whose+名词一起，在从句中可作主语、宾语或者表语。The car whose windows was broken belongs to Mr. Black.4. as, 引导的定语从句可置于句首 ,代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。另外as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'As is known to all, China will hold the 2022Winter Olympic Games. 5. 注意点1）用that而不用 which的情况 先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,little,few,much something someone等。All that I can do is to wait.先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；The most beautiful image that I never forget is with my family. 先行词有the only, the very, any,the same , the last等词修饰； Miss Wei is the very teacher the I like most. 先行词既有人又有物时。He never forgets the village and villagers that he spent time with. 2）用whicht而不用 that的情况 用于非限制性定语从句（非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开）My lecture, which started last night, was very excellent. 定语从句前有介词的时候 There is a villa in which I lived before. 指代前面整个主句的意思 He didnt pass the English exam, which made his mother annoyed. 3） 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，关系代词可以省略。This is the house (which/ that) we bought last month.三、关系副词的详解1. when 代替的先行词是时间，相当于"介词+ which"结构。There was a time when （at which） we didnt have a TV.2. Where 代替的先行词是地点， 相当于"介词+ which"结构。Chongqing is the place where（in which） I was born.3.why 代替的先行词是原因（reason）， 相当于"介词+ which"结构。This is the reason why （for which） he refused our invitation. 注意： 当先行词是way(方式)时，关系词用that/ in which/省略. 四、定语从句的解题方法 1. 勾画出先行词和定语从句 2. 判断定语从句中是否缺主语/宾语/表语，缺主语/宾语/表语，用关系代词，不缺主语/宾语/表语，选择关系副词3. 根据先行词，选择合适的关系词。五、例题在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词1. The city has historically developed on seven hills, some of _are 250 m (820.21ft) high.答案： 填which，先行词为seven hills，定语从句缺宾语，介词后不能用that,所以填which.2. One old idiom is luoyeguigen, _means returning to one's homeland in old age, like fallen leaves returning to the roots of their tree. 答案： 填which，先行词为luoyeguigen，定语从句缺主语，逗号后面后不能用that ,所以填which.3. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.答案： 填which/that，先行词为soil-testing program，定语从句缺主语，,所以填which/ that.4. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.答案： 填where，先行词为an area，表地点，定语从句缺地点状语，,所以填where.6、 练习(一)单项选择1. Last summer I went to Sun Yat-sens hometown and visited the house _ he was born.A. thatB. thereC. whichD. where2. It was in the small house _was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood. A. which; that B. that; where C. which; whichD. where; that3. I have bought two ball ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of themB. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 4. _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A. As B. It C. That D. Which 5. The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom6. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who7. I can never forget the day _we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when8. The United States is made up of fifty states, one of _ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. A. them B. those C. which D. whose9. At last the thief took out everything _ he had stolen.A. which B. what C. whatever D. that10. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; whichD. that; that答案： DACAD CACDA(2) 在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词1. The report also gave an example of Kunqu Opera, one of the oldest Chinese operas, 65 attracts over 100 million listeners born after 1990.2. In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations_ would bring about positive emotions.3. Gone are the days _ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.4. The child _parents are dead is called Tom.5. The reason _he tried to explain at the meeting was not sound.6. Though it is reasonable for the boss to educate his staff，I dont like the way _he spoke to them.7. He didnt tell Lily the reason _he was so sad.8. Our family visited the car factory _my father once worked thirsty years ago.答案：1. which 2. which/that 3. when 4. whose 5. which/that 6. that 7.why 8. where
