八年级英语上册知识点总结_外研版.doc

Module 1 How to learn English1. write down 写下2. each other 彼此3. help sb with 帮助某人做某事4. a great way to do sth 做某事的好方法5. the meaning of . .的意思6. enjoy oneself 玩的开心/过的愉快7. take a deep breath 做深呼吸8. be good for. 对.有益9. make friends with sb 与某人交朋友 10. show sb around some place 令某人参观某物11. all the time 一直，总是12. How about. ？ 怎么样？13. Its a good idea to do sth 做某事是个好主意14. You should . 你应该15. translate .into. 把.译成.16. match sb againstwith sb 使某人和某人交手比赛17. a box of matches 一盒火柴18. a number of 许多，修饰可数名词19. repeat after sb 跟某人朗读20. a piece of advice 一条建议ask for advice 寻求建议21. make a mistake 犯错误22. each other 相互，彼此the other daymorning 那天那天早上the other 另外的一个another 另外的一个23. welcome to +地点名词 欢迎到某地方来welcome back 欢迎回来24. be ready for 为.做好准备beget ready to do sth 准备好做某事25. try to do sth 努力做某事try doing sth 尝试做某事have a try 试一试try ones best to do sth 竭尽全力做某事26. help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事，介词with后面常接名词help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事27. send sb to do sth 派遣某人做某事 send back 送回，发回，退回send for 派人去请，派人去取send out 送出,发出，排出28. improve onupon 比.有提高，超过29. watch sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事30. take a deep breath 深深吸一口气hold your breath 闭气，屏气out of breath 喘不上气31. remember sb to sb 代某人向某人问好remember to do sth 记住去做某事(事情还未做过)remember doing sh 记住已经做过 某事（事情已经做过）40. forget sbsth 忘记某人，某物forget to do sth 忘记要做某事forget doing sth 忘记曾经做过某事41. wish sb sth 祝福祝愿某人某事wish to do sth 表示在主观上强烈希望做某事42. It takes a long time to do sth 花费了很长时间去做某事43. How long doesdid it take.? 询问做某事需要花费多长时间44. find it +形容词+to do sth 发现做某事.45. hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事46. Why dont you do .=Why not you do. 为什么不呢47. It is +形容词+(for sb )to do sth (对某人来说)做某事是.48Why dont you write it down? 你们为什么不把它记下来呢?49. Its a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day. 每天都检查你的词汇笔记本是一个好主意。50. Try not to translate every word. 尽量不要逐字翻译。51. She can help me with my homework. 她可以帮我做家庭作业 语法总结 时态(一） 一般现在时 1. 表示现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态，特征或客观真理。常用的时间状语有often, usually, always, every dayweek 等.2. 在条件状语和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来，例如：if you dont go soon, you will be late. 如果你不快点去，你就会迟到的.3. begin, come, go, leave, start, stop, arrive, return, open, close等动词常用一般现在时表示按计划规定将要发生的动作。例如：class begins at eight in the morning. 早上八点钟开始上班。（二） 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事，存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。常用的时间状语有yesterday, yesterday morningafternoonevening, last week/month/year, in 1980（三） 一般将来时1一般将来时 表示在将来的某个时间要 发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening, next week/month/year 等连用2一般将来时有以下几种形式（1）助动词will+动词原形注：在疑问句中，当主语是第一人称I或we时，常用助动词shall(2)“be going to +动词原形”表示即将发生某事或者打算，计划要做某事（3）come, go, start, move, leave, travel等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事例如：the whole familys going for two months. 全家要去两个月。 （四）现在进行时1现在进行时由“am/is/are+现在分词”也可以表示正在进行的动作2“系动词+介词/副词（短语）”也可以表示正在进行的动作3表示感觉、愿望、和状态的某些东西（如：hope, smell, hear, see, like等）一般不用进行时态例如：I hope to go to collage next year. 我希望明年上大学。Module 2 please help me 1. travel around 环游2. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人去做某事3. look at todays newspaper 看今天的报纸4. take off 起飞，脱下（衣服）land 着陆 on land 在陆地上5. the price of the ticket 票价6. enter a competition 参加比赛7. It sounds brilliant! 8. come true （希望，理想等）实现，达到9. all over China 遍及全国10. have been to 已经去过几次（表示人已经回来） have gone to 表示人去某地，在途中或已经到目的地，还未回来have been in 加入 后面可接表示组织、团体的名词11. theres a lot to see and to there12. Pizza has always been my favorite food. 披萨是我最喜爱的食物。13. sell out 售完，卖光 to sell at a loss 亏本出售sell at a discount of 15 按八五折出售14. at the end 最后15. It was my “dream come true”.16. how many times 几次17. Have you ever been to New York? 你去过纽约吗?18. Have you been abroad before? 你以前出过国吗？19. Have you ever had a fantastic experience?20. more than 多于，超过21. dream about . 梦见22. Spring festival 春节23. by plane 乘飞机24. have a wonderful time 过的愉快25. take photos 照相26. so many 如此多,修饰可数名词的复数形式so much 如此多，这么多，修饰不可数名词27. have a western meal 吃西餐28. live in another country 住在另一个国家29. write a poem or story 写诗歌或故事30. have/has ever+过去分词？ 询问某人是否做过某事（通常already, ever, never, yet用在现在完成时中）31. be from. 来自 其后街地点名词，常与come from 进行互换32. I think 我想 .、我认为.33. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb to +地点 邀请某人到某地35One day 某一天，总有一天 该短语在句中作状语，表示将来或过去的某一天，常用语将来时或过去时some day 仅指将来的某一天，只能用于将来时36Whats the price of ? .的价格是什么？ How much is/are ? 如: Whats the price of the apples?=How much are the apples?37fly to. = go to by plane飞往.38. from time to time 不时地，时常地，偶尔地 harvest time 收获期 time for bed 睡觉时间ahead of time 提前 all the time 一直at one time 曾经 at the same time 同时at times 有时候 in time 及时39 take photos of sb 给某人拍照40. have a meeting 开会 have a good time 玩得高兴 have a cold 感冒 have sb do sth 让某人做某事have a bath 洗澡 have a look 看一看41be popular with 受.的喜爱42 Since then 从那时起现在完成时用法现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词，1表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）现在完成时常用的时间状语有： already （“已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处never (“从不” 用于中间处)ever （“曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）just (“刚刚” 用于中间处)yet (“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处 /“还”用于否定句的末尾处)或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：The plane has arrived .飞机已经来了。说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）Since 和 for 的用法表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 如： Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配：have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad二、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。三、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。Module 31. the latest news 最新的消息 on earth 在地球上2. on business 出差 come back 回来3. get to 到达 send sth to 送某东西去某地4. hear from 收到某人的来信 hear of /about 听说 hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事hear sb doing sth 听到到某人正在做某事5. show sth to sb =show sb sth 把某物给某人show sb how to do sth 教某人如何做某事show sb +宾语从句 向某人显示/表明6. borrow from 从.借.(借进)lend. to. 把.借给（借出）7. What are you up to ? 你在做什么？What do you think of? = How do you like.? 你觉得怎么样？8. bring sth back 带某东西带回来9. It takes/took (sb) some time to do sth 花费（某人）多长时间做某事10. The old man has just found the shortest way to the island.11. in the last 3 years 近三年里12. grow up 长大 grow out of 产生自grow into 长大，发展prefer sth=like sth better 更喜欢某物prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事 prefer doing.宁愿做某事prefer.to. 比起更喜欢.prefer sb (not) to do sth =would rather do.than do. 喜欢做.而不喜欢做., 宁愿做而不愿做某事13. try to do sth 尽力做某事，设法做某事14. ask sb to do sth 请求/让某人做某事15. receive. from. 从.收到. no one 没有人16. show.around . 带某人四处看看 17. so wonderful/ fantastic that. 如此.以至于.18. It is ADJ for sb to do sth its hard to understand how large the universe is19. millions of 数以百万的 go around 四处走走，四处看看20. how often 多久一次 the last three years 近三年里21. the space station 空间站22. start to do sth 开始做23. finish doing sth 做完某事高中英语所有复杂的反义疑问句的用法1当陈述部分的主语是I，而句子又用来征询对方的意见时，附加疑问句中的主语用you。如： I find English very interesting, dont you? I dont like that film, do you? 2当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时，附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但亦可用he，尤其是nobody, no one等作主语，具有否定概念时。如： Somebody phoned while I was out, didnt they? Everyone enjoyed the party, didnt they? Nobody wants to go there, does he? 3当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something时，附加 疑问句中的主语一般用it，不用they。如： Everything seems all right now, doesnt it? Nothing is kept in good order, is it? Something must be done to stop pollution, isnt it? 4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时，附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。如： This is important, isnt it? That isnt correct, is it? These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they? 5.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语，附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one，非正式场合用you,在美国英语中，在非正式场合还可以用he。如： One cant be too careful, can one?或can you? One should do his duty, shouldnt he? 6如果陈述部分用Im结构，附加疑问部分一般用arent I。如： I am strong and healthy arent I。7当陈述句为there be结构时，附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如： Theres no help for it, is there? Theres something wrong, isnt there? 8陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如： Bob rarely got drunk, did he? Few people know him, do they? She seldom goes to the cinema, does she? 如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀，那么，该陈述部分作肯定处理，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。如： He was unsuccessful, wasnt he? Tom dislikes the book, doesnt he? 9当陈述部分为主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如： She says that I did it, doesnt she? I told them not everybody could do it ,didnt I?但当陈述部分的主语是I，谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时，附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。 I suppose that hes serious isnt he? I dont think she cares, does she? 10当陈述部分是并列句，附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如：Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldnt he? 11在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中，附加疑问部分一般用will you, wont you, would you,有时也可用can you, cant you, why dont you, could you等。如： Dont open the door, will you? Give me some cigarettes, can you? Take a rest, why dont you? 但是，以lets开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句，如果含义是allow us，不包括听话人在内，疑问部分用will you。如： Lets have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we? Let us go out for a rest, will you? 12当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，疑问部分用mustnt。如： You must work hard next term, mustnt you? I must answer the letter, mustnt I? 但若表推测这层含义时，不能用must，而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构（即must之后的动词）以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如： You must have made a mistake, havent you? They must have seen the film last week, didnt they? He must be in the library, isnt he?13当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用usednt或didnt。如：The old man used to smoke, didnt he?或usednt he? Tom used to live here, usednt he?或didnt he?14当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt。如： He ought to know the answer, oughtnt he?We ought to read this book, oughtnt we?或shouldnt we?15当陈述部分含有had better时，疑问部分用had。 如：Youd better finish your homework now, hadnt you? 16感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时，且常用否定形式。如： What a clever boy, isnt he? What a lovely day, isnt it? 17陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时，疑问部分的主语通常用it。如： Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesnt it? Between six and seven will suit you, wont it? Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it? 18在口语和非正式文体中，为了加强语气，只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答，这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如： Oh, he is a writer, is he? Youll not go, wont you? 19陈述句中的谓语动词是wish，表示愿望时用may，且用肯定形式。如： I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I? 20当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have（has）时，疑问部分既可用have形式，也可用do形式。如： You have a new bike, havent you（或dont you）? She doesnt have any money in her pocket, does she? Module 4 Education1 arrive in/ at 到达，抵达 how long 多久2 get on (very) well with sb 与某人相处很好3 in the last 15years 在过去的15年里 since 2004 自从2004年以来4 hear about / of 听说 Project Hope 希望工程5 That sounds interesting 那听起来很有趣6 all over China 遍及全国 an 8-year-old boy 一个八岁的男孩7 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事8 drop out of school 退学 on the farm 在 农场9 stop doing 停止做某事 have to do sth 不得不做某事look after 照看，照料 get a (good) education 受到（良好的）教育with the help of 在.的帮助下10 raise money for the poor children 为穷孩子筹集钱11 in the countryside 在乡村12 send students to high schools 送学生去学校13 a school with no electricity and only a few books 只有一些书没有电的学校14 because of sth 因为. thousands of 数以千计的15 in fact 实际上 take part in 参加16 、meet with sb/sth 遇到，遇见17 be different from. 与.不同the sameas. 与.相同27Improve on/ upon 在.方面得到改进28Talk about education 谈论教育 29. wear glasses 戴眼镜 know about 知道，了解30work for 为而工作 Module 5 Western music1. be called 被叫做. be born 出生于2. traditional Beijing Opera 传统京剧 give us a break 让我们清净一会儿3. a fan of 的迷 the center of 的中心4. classical music 古典音乐 playfor 为.演奏.5. at the age of 在几岁时 a piece of music 一首曲子 6. two pieces of music 两首曲子 be famous for sth 因而闻名7. the rest of. 其余的. go on holiday 去度假 8. buy sth for sb 为某人买某物9. move .to. 搬到 move away 移开move on 继续前进 move out 搬走10. make films 拍电影 belong to 属于 make sure 确信11. decide to do sth 决定做某事12. She doesnt like pop music, does she? No, she doesnt.你不喜欢流行音乐，是吗？是，我不喜欢。13. Im not sure 我不确信 the center of the city 市中心14. one of the most famous composers最著名的作曲家之一15. even more successful and popular 甚至更成功更受欢迎16. not only but also 不但.而且17. when he was only 35 当他35岁的时候18. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事19. What kind/ type of books 什么种类的书20. find a part-time job 找一个兼职工作21. play the violin 演奏小提琴22. make progress 取得进步 make a mistake 犯错误 make tea 泡茶 make a dress 做衣服 make a guess 猜一猜 make a living 谋生 make a report 做报告 make a phone c