英语翻译茶文化.docx

翻译三十篇茶文化中文：“你要茶还是咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清（the Ming and Qing dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料（beverage）之一。茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。语言要点：frequently; prefer; It is said that; introduce; treasure译文：“Tea or coffee?” Diners are frequently asked this question. Western people may choose coffee, while Chinese may prefer tea. It is said that 5,000 years ago, an emperor in China discovered tea and used it to cure disease. In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, tea houses could be found all over the country. Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the sixth century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th century. Up to now, tea has become one of the most popular beverages in the world. It is the treasure of China and an important part of Chinese traditional culture.信息技术中文：信息技术（Information Technology），正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术。有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。语言要点：attachimportance to; required courses; keep pace with; attractattention译文：Nowadays, with the fast development of Information Technology, Chinese citizens are attaching more and more importance to it. Some schools and universities have even included Information Technology in their required courses, which has led to different opinions. Some people think it is unnecessary to make IT courses required, and students are supposed to take traditional courses. However, other people think it is necessary to do so, for China and its people should keep pace with the times. Either way, it is a good thing that Information Technology has attracted people's attention.中餐中文：信息技术（Information Technology），正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术。有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。语言要点：attachimportance to; required courses; keep pace with; attractattention译文：Nowadays, with the fast development of Information Technology, Chinese citizens are attaching more and more importance to it. Some schools and universities have even included Information Technology in their required courses, which has led to different opinions. Some people think it is unnecessary to make IT courses required, and students are supposed to take traditional courses. However, other people think it is necessary to do so, for China and its people should keep pace with the times. Either way, it is a good thing that Information Technology has attracted people's attention.中国传统思想诚实守信中文：中国古代有很多关于诚实守信的古话，比如：言必行，行必果。这些流传了千百年的古话，都形象地表达了中华民族诚实守信的品质。在中国几千年的文明史中，人们不但对诚实守信的美德大加赞赏，而且努力地身体力行。孔子早在2000多年前就教育他的弟子（disciple），在学习中知道的就说知道，不知道的就说不知道，这不仅是对待学习的正确态度，也是诚实的一种表现。语言要点：integrity; credit; depict; diligently; reflection译文：There were many old sayings about integrity and credit in ancient China. For instance, “What is said cannot be unsaid”. These old sayings have lasted for hundreds and thousands of years. They depict vividly Chinese nation with the quality of being honest and keeping their words. For thousands of years, these qualities have been honored and practiced diligently. About 2000 years ago, Confucius taught his disciples that when you know a thing, to tell that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to admit that you do not know it. This is not only the right attitude toward study but also a reflection of integrity.中国传统思想-佛学思想-1中文：佛教（Buddhism）发源于印度，早在汉代（the Han Dynasty）就已经传入中国。佛教在中国的发展过程中不断中国化，逐渐发展成深刻影响中国人思想和生活习惯的宗教思想体系佛学思想。佛教中国化的重要时期是在隋唐时期（the Sui and Tang dynasties），在这一时期随着国家的统一、经济的发展和文化交流的日益频繁，佛学获得了空前的繁荣发展。语言要点：originate; adaptinto; localization; unprecedentedly; prosperous development译文：Buddhism originated from ancient India and had been introduced to China as early as the Han Dynasty. During its development in China, Buddhism constantly adapted itself to the local context in China so as to become one of the most important religions in China and to deeply influence on thoughts and living habits of Chinese.The localization of Buddhism in China was most important in the Sui and Tang dynasties. During this period, with the unity of the country, the development of the economy and the more and more frequent cultural exchanges, Buddhism gained an unprecedentedly prosperous development. 中国传统思想孔子中文：孔子（Confucius）思想的特征之一就是强调教育和学习。他蔑视不加思考而凭直觉认知世界的人。孔子认为对于一门学科唯一真正的了解来源于长期而细心的学习。在他看来，学习就是找到一位好老师，并模仿他的言行。一位好老师应该是一位悉知历史的长者，并启发学生使其进行独立思考，在学习书本知识的同时还要有独立的见解。语言要点：feature; despise;have faith in; intuition;words and deeds; enlighten译文：A distinctive feature of Confucius thought is his emphasis on education and study. He despises those who have faith in natural understanding or intuition. Confucius argued that the only real understanding of a subject comes from long and careful study. For him, study means finding a good teacher and imitating his words and deeds. A good teacher is someone older who is familiar with the past history. He also maintained that a good teacher should enlighten students to think independently, and that students should form their own ideas when acquiring knowledge from textbooks.中国传统思想尊老爱幼2中文：尊敬老人、爱护儿童是中华民族的传统美德。早在汉朝（the Han Dynasty）时，政府就曾多次发布命令，提倡、鼓励、奖赏孝敬老人的行为。中国人对后代的关爱是爱中有教、慈中有严，包含着强烈的道德责任感，爱幼包括抚养后代、正确地养育、为后代提供成功的机会并教育他们如何成为善良的人。语言要点：traditional virtue; issue; filial respect; offspring; embody; moral responsibility译文：To respect the aged and love the young is one of the traditional virtues of Chinese nation.In as early as the Han Dynasty, the government issued frequently orders advocating, encouraging and rewarding behaviors related to treating the senior with filial respect. Chinese people treat their offspring with love and education, with kindness and strictness, embodying a strong sense of moral responsibility. Loving the young includes providing for the younger ones, raising them correctly, giving them the opportunities they need to succeed, and teaching them how to be a good person.中国传统艺术-京剧-1中文：京剧是一门高雅的古典艺术，是中华民族的瑰宝，是中国的一个文化象征。京剧艺术的历史悠久，源远流长，内容丰厚，形式完美，风格独特，令大量观众为之倾倒。京剧唱腔悠扬（melodious），念白（recitation）简洁，韵律性和节奏感很强。京剧的演奏旋律优美，曲调动听，舞台艺术绚丽多彩，脸谱艺术(facial make-up)更是独具特色。所有这些特点都使得京剧成为世界艺术花园中的一朵独特的花。语言要点：classical art;treasure; cultural symbol;while; distinctive; performing art译文：Beijing Opera is a refined classical art. It is a treasure of the Chinese nation as well as a cultural symbol of China. Rich in content, perfect in form and unique in style, Beijing Opera, with a long history, is still enjoyed by a large audience. The singing in Beijing Opera is melodious while the recitation is vividly brief, and the tune is harmoniously rhythmic. The music is graceful and charming, and the stage art is bright and colorful. The facial make-up is a distinctive feature of Beijing Opera. All this has made Beijing Opera a unique flower in the world garden of performing arts.中国工艺美术-瓷器-1中文：英语中的“china”一词有两个意义，一个是中国，一个是瓷器（porcelain）。西方人很早就把中国与瓷器联系在一起，这是因为制瓷技术是中国人发明的。瓷器是从陶器（pottery）发展来的，如果从生产原始瓷器的商代（theShang Dynasty）算起，中国的瓷器大约有3000多年的历史了。中国的制瓷技术从东汉（the Eastern Han Dynasty）以后发展很快，各个历史时期都出现了别具特色的制作瓷器的名窑(kilns)和陶瓷新品种。语言要点：originally; on the basis of; primitive; unique features; come forth译文：“China” in English has two meanings, China as a country and china as porcelain. Westerners have linked the country of China with porcelain since a long time ago, because the technique of manufacturing porcelain was originally invented in China. Porcelain was developed on the basis of pottery. If calculated from the appearance of the primitive porcelain in the Shang Dynasty, it has a history of about 3000 years.The techniques of manufacturing porcelain have developed rapidly since the Eastern Han Dynasty. Famous kilns producing porcelain products with unique features and new pottery and porcelain varieties constantly came forth in the following dynasties.中国工艺美术-刺绣-1中文：中国是丝绸的故乡，产生了很多与丝绸相关的艺术，刺绣（embroidery）就是其中的一种。刺绣在中国有数千年的历史，受到人们的广泛喜爱。刺绣可用来装饰衣服、被子、枕头等，刺绣本身也可制作成饰品（ornament）。中国有“四大名绣”，即苏州的苏绣、广东的粤绣、湖南的湘绣以及四川的蜀绣，各种绣法不仅风格有差异，所选择的主题也有所不同。历史上有“苏绣猫，湘绣虎”的说法。粤绣擅长绣鸟类，而蜀绣则擅长绣山水人物。语言要点：be home to; applyto; respectively译文：China is home to silk and a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery. With a long history of several thousand years, embroidery has been a love of the Chinese people. It is applied to adorn clothes, quilts and pillowcases, or a piece of embroidery work can be ornament in itself. China has four famous types of embroidery respectively from Suzhou, Guangdong, Hunan, and Sichuan each with its own style and different themes. Historically, Suzhou embroidery was famous for its cats, Hunan embroidery for its tigers, Guangdong embroidery for its birds and Sichuan embroidery for its landscapes and human figures. 中国工艺美术-灯彩-2中文： 在春节、元宵节等节假日，无论是中国的城市还是乡村，灯彩（fancy lantern）都作为装饰被广泛的应用。现在，每逢节日中国各地仍然举行各种大型的灯会，灯会上除了展览各种传统的灯彩，还展出许多运用现代科学技术制作的彩灯。此外，在北京和哈尔滨等北方城市，每年冬季还要举行冰灯灯会(lantern fairs)。用冰块雕刻（carve）成的高大的建筑、可爱的动物和神话传说中的仙女，在灯光的照耀下，仿佛把人们带到了奇妙的世界(wonderland)。语言要点：be widely used, in rural and urban areas, apart from, in addition译文：Fancy lanterns are widely used for decorations in both rural and urban areas in China on New Years Day, the Lantern Festival and other festivals and holidays. Large lantern fairs are still held everywhere in China during festivals. Apart from traditional lanterns, there are many colorful lanterns made with modern technology. In addition, in winter, cities in North China, like Beijing and Harbin, hold Ice Lantern festival. Huge sculptures of buildings carved with ice, cute animals and myths of fairies illuminated by colorful lights seem to bring people to a magical wonderland.中国工艺美术-风筝-1中文：风筝，古时候也叫纸鸢（Zhiyuan），是中国人发明的。相传两千多年前中国著名的工匠鲁班用竹木削制长了会飞的木鹊(bamboo magpie)。放风筝是一项有益于身体健康的体育活动，所以，世界上许多国家十分流行放风筝。中国人不仅把放风筝当作有趣的游戏和有益于身体健康的体育活动，也常常把风筝挂在墙壁上作为装饰。目前，中国的风筝已经远销到日本以及东南亚和欧美的许多国家，受到了世界各国人民的欢迎。语言要点：ingenious carpenter; flying kites; be beneficial to; decoration; gain great popularity译文：Kite, also known as Zhiyuan in ancient China was invented by the Chinese people. It is said that Lu Ban, a well-known carpenter, made a bamboo magpie that could fly. As flying kites is beneficial to ones health, it is gaining popularity in many countries. The Chinese regard it as an interesting game as well as a healthful sport. Some people hang kites on the wall for decoration. Chinese kites are now exported to Japan, Southeast Asia and many countries in Europe and America. They gain great popularity among people around the world.中国工艺美术-剪纸-2中文： 中国的剪纸(Chinese paper-cuts)大多出自农村妇女之手，她们剪刻出的各种花样最贴近农民生活，常常在过年过节时使用。优雅的(elegant)线条和令人愉悦的形象给中国普通百姓的生活带来了欢乐和喜气(festivity)。中国剪纸分为两种：朴素自然的单色剪纸和绚丽(gorgeous)多彩的彩色剪纸。由于各地人民的生活习惯不同，各地民间剪纸的风格也不同。内容丰富、花样繁多的民间剪纸，使人们的生活越来越美好。语言要点：rural areas；addto; fall into two categories; vary from place to place译文：Chinese paper-cuts are mainly created by women in rural areas. The patterns they cut out are most close to peasants life; they are often used on the Chinese Lunar New Year or other festivals. Their elegant lines and pleasing images add delight and festivity to the life of the ordinary Chinese people. Paper-cuts fall into two categories: the simple and natural single-colored ones, and the gorgeous and colorful ones. As customs vary from place to place, paper-cuts of different regions are different in style. Rich in content, great in variety, paper-cuts serve to make peoples life more beautiful.中国工艺美术-丝绸·丝绸之路-2中文： 中国古代丝绸品种丰富多彩。自从2000多年以前，汉代(Han Dynasty)著名的外交家(diplomat)张骞开启了通往欧洲、西亚许多地区的“丝绸之路”(Silk Road)，华美的中国丝绸就是通过这条路开始源源不断地输往欧洲和西亚各国。西方人十分喜爱中国丝绸，据说，公元(AD)1世纪，一位古罗马皇帝曾穿着中国的丝绸看戏，顿时轰动了整个剧场。从此，人们都希望能穿上中国的丝绸衣服，中国也因此被称为“丝绸之国”。语言要点：various kinds of; as early as; open up; It isthat; continuously; transport; be fond of; It is said that; make a great stir译文： There were various kinds of ancient Chinese silk. As early as the Han Dynasty of 2 000 years ago, Zhang Qian, a famous diplomat of the time, opened up the “Silk Road” leading to West Asia and Europe. It was along this road that silk was continuously transported to those countries. Westerners were very fond of Chinese silk. It is said that during the first century AD, a Roman emperor went to a theater wearing silk, which made a great stir in the audience. Since then, people wished to wear clothes made of Chinese silk. China, therefore, was called the “Silk Country”.中国工艺美术-文房四宝-6中文：文房四宝（Four Treasures of the Study）不仅有实用价值，也是融会绘画、书法（calligraphy）、雕刻、装饰等各种艺术为一体的艺术品。故宫博物院收藏（the Palace Museum）的文房四宝多为清代（the Qing Dynasty）名师所作，皇家御用，用料考究、工艺精美，代表了我国数千年来文房用具的发展水平，是文房用具中的瑰宝。2006年6月10日，文房四宝被正式列入我国“国家级非物质文化遗产（national intangible cultural heritage）”。语言要点：not only.but also.; engrave; collect; exceptionally; exclusively; represent; gem译文：The Four Treasures of the Study are not only of practical value, but also works of arts with painting, calligraphy, engraving and decoration combined. Those collected in the Palace Museum are famous products of masters of the Qing Dynasty, which, boasting exceptionally fine materials and superb craftsmanship, were used exclusively in the Royal Palace, representing the level of development of Chinese writing tools over several thousand years, and are indeed the gems of a typical Chinese study.The four treasures were officially listed as a national intangible cultural heritage by the Chinese Government on June 10, 2006.中国工艺美术-玉雕-4中文：玉器（jade articles）自古就被中国人视为吉祥（auspicious）的象征而倍受珍爱。玉文化历代传承，在当今中国文化中仍然占据着重要一席。2003年8月3日晚，由和田玉雕刻的2008年第29届奥运会会徽（emblem）正式揭晓。从此，中国近万年的玉文化与走过112年的现代奥林匹克运动结缘。礼仪之邦（the country of rites and ceremonies）的中国人继续向世人展现着他们如同美玉一般、温文儒雅而又真诚仁爱的东方气质。语言要点：pass down; play a prominent role; unveil;oriental; benevolence 译文：In China, jade articles have been treasured as an auspicious symbol since ancient times. The jade culture, which has been passed down through many generations, still plays a prominent role in Chinese culture. On the night of August 3, 2003, the emblem of the 29th Olympic Games of 2008, made of jade from Hetian, was officially unveiled. Thus, the Chinese jade culture, with a history of nearly 10,000 years old, is combined with the modern Olympics, which was started 112 years ago. As “the country of rites and ceremonies”, China continues to show the world its jade-like oriental qualities of gentleness, sincerity and benevolence.中国古代建筑-宫廷-6中文：数字九在古代中国有特殊的含义。人们认为奇数代表阳（yang）而偶数表阴（yin）。因为九是十以下最大的奇数，它被认为是及其幸运的数字，所以，皇帝们喜欢独占这个数字，用它来象征他们的高高在上。和九有关的设计几乎出现在每座皇家（imperial）建筑上，比如说，在紫荆城（the Forbidden City）的大门上，有81个镀金铜饰钉（gold-plated bronze studs）排成九行九列。古宫殿经常被设计为九重建筑群（complex）。基于相同的原因，和皇家建筑有关的数字经常等于九或九的倍数。语言要点：odd number; even number; symbolize; superiority; related to; based on; multiple译文：The number nine carried a special m