语法填空技巧讲解学案- 高三英语一轮复习.docx

给提示词词类转换以加后缀为主：名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀、副词后缀、数词后缀动词谓语动词：时态、语态、主谓一致、语气；功能性动词：情态动词、助动词、系动词；非谓语动词：不定式、-ing形式、过去分词；名词可数性、复数形式、格形容词比较级、最高级副词比较级、最高级不给提示词连词从属连词（从句）、并列连词（逻辑、搭配）冠词定冠词、不定冠词（含冠词的基本用法和短语中的冠词）介词简单、合成、短语（介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配）代词人称代词（格/数/性别）、非人称代词 (it)、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词副词逻辑副词、疑问副词、方式副词、时间副词、地点副词、程度副词等句式与各种句式相关的功能词语法填空技巧讲解总结和训练1、 已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例：There are many students living at school，the          (child) houses are all far from schoo1由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式 复数的所有格childrens。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。例：A talk        (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式to be given。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no onenone、otheranother等。例：The king decided to see the painter by        (he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和est，或在词前Imoreless和mostleast，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。例：I am (tall)than Liu WenHe is the tallest students in my class此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及onetwo的特殊变化形式 oncetwice例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horsesMy eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a             (three).从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very_(happiness)在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例1：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying_，dirty but happy.从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例2：His boss was_angry as to fire him如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so.as to.，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例1：He did not done_his father had asked him to do审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。例2：Those_want to go to the village must sign here经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例1：The us consists_fifty states根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由.组成”，所以答案是of。例2：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask forleave to take_of her生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。例1：Mr Smith took a plane to London_of taking a train.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。例2：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_of him.细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of，此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有bothand.，eitheror.，neithernor.，not onlybut also.等。例1：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_his family was too poor此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例2：_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackie likes to drive at_ high speed这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。例2：Old Toms granddaughter used to visit him_Saturday afternoonSaturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。例3：Though Liu Qiang did the same work_Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay_Zhang Wen.第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。例4：It was only one day left，_，his father had no idea to answer him观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例：Tony_travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，能够较大地提高同学们在此题型上的得分率。语篇训练1Whether you are someone who smiles a lot _1_not, there is always room for improvement. Research _2_(show) that when someone smiles, a number of feel-good neurotransmitters are released in the body and these are linked with the lower heart rate, lower blood pressure, better sleep and _3_(little) stress. It would appear that _4_physical act of smiling makes our brain thinke we are happy-if we are not-and it brings about a physiologican response that makes _5_(we) feel better and more relaxed.I think we have experienced how infectious a smile can be and we _6_(attract) by the energy of happy people laughing. So while I appreciate there is not always anything to smile at, I think that being able to smile at ourselves is a quality worth_7_(develop). Even an internal smile or a case of faking it until you make it is _8_(definite) a good investment to develop a sense of _9_(satisfy) from within.My new thing to do for the next month or so is to try to smile more often. Why dont you try that too and let me know _10_you get on?答案：or; shows; less; the; us; are attracted; developing; definitely; satisfaction; how2.Mr.Robinson，1. was a businessman，had to often travel somewhere.2. is often the case，he was in a hurry，he decided to go by air.He liked 3. (sit) beside a window，so when he got onto the plane，he looked for a window seat.He found all of them already taken except for one.There was a soldier 4. was sitting in the seat beside it.Wondering why this one had not been taken，Mr.Robinson at once went towards it.When he reached it，however，Mr.Robinson saw that there was a notice 5. (stick) on the seat, 6. said，“This seat is preserved for proper load balance，thank you.” Never saw such an unusual notice in a plane before，Mr.Robinson was a little 7. (surprise) but he thought that the plane must be carrying something particularly heavy in it，so he walked on and found an empty seat，8. was not beside a window，to sit in.Two or three people tried to sit in the window seat by the soldier，but they too read the notice and went on. When the plane was nearly full，a very beautiful girl hurried into the plane.The soldier，9. was watching the passengers coming in，quickly took the notice off the seat and in this way succeeded in 10. (have) the company of the girl during the whole trip.答案：1.who2.As3.sitting4.who/that5.stuck 6which7.surprised8.which 9.who10.having 3.Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape on a small scale and emphasize the perfect harmony between man and nature.A Chinese garden 1.(be) like a scroll(卷轴) painting, 2.(show) a series of carefully composed scenes.New views are revealed as one walks along the pathways.In the gardens, 3. the most frequently meet the eyes are winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere.There, a path seems to end, but all of 4. sudden, a new world is rolled out before you: pavilions(亭子), rock formations and spring waterall combined to provide a pleasant surprise! At the 5.(enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall 6.(use) to screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall.A Chinese garden may have windows on all 7.(it) four walls.And it is 8.(interest) that, through the windows, visitors may see different views from different angles, and thus the composition of the garden becomes enlarged.A Chinese garden is a place where culture is both created and enjoyed.All plants mark the shift of 9.(season)Similarly, water, a symbol of the ever­changing, 10. rocks, a symbol of the eternal(永恒的), create a harmonious balance of nature's yin and yang.答案：1.is2.showing3.what 4.a5.entrance/entry 6used7.its8.interesting 9.seasons10.and4.I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.This afternoon a poorly­dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 1. he was.We wondered 2. he was so hungry.We were surprised 3. he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted 4. the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5. we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 6. he took out of a lettera million pound bank note.I asked Mr.Clements 7. it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 8. the gentleman showed them couldn't be a false.9 a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn't describe 10. excited I was.答案：1.who2.why3.that4.whether/if5.whether/if6.that 7.whether/if8.what9.Why10.how