_Unit1讲义牛津深圳版八年级英语上册.docx

深圳版牛津版八年级上 Unit1精品讲义一、学习目标：1、了解常用的不定代词，并能辨别其用法。2、 掌握some、any及复合不定代词的一般用法。3、掌握本单元出现的重点词汇和重要句型，并能灵活运用。4、 学会写叙事性的小故事。5、话题读写综合-百科知识，并积累相应词汇及句式。二、知识讲解1、however  adv. 然而Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.  很多恐龙吃植物。然而，有一些喜欢吃肉。【拓展例句】（however的位置可以在句首、句中、句末）The reality, however, is probably not cruel.  然而，事实很可能没那么残酷。The story has a happy ending , however.  不过故事的结局还是圆满的。2、intelligence  n.才智；智慧ability  n.才能，能力From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.  从很小的时候，他就显示出很高的智商以及艺术才能。【拓展】intelligence  n.才智；智慧    intelligent  adj.有才智的art  n.艺术 ->artistic  adj.有艺术天赋的    artist  n.艺术家(be) able (to do): to have the skill, strength, knowledge etc needed to do something  有能力做某事ability  n.才能，能力have the ability to do sth.有能力做某事3、inventor  n.发明家musician  n.音乐家scientist  n.科学家Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.  列奥纳多·达·芬奇是一位意大利的画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师以及科学家。【单词解析】paint  v. 画，涂画 -> painter  n.画家invent  v.发明 ->inventor  n.发明家    invention  n.发明engine  n.引擎 ->engineer  n.工程师science  n.科学 ->scientist  n.科学家【拓展-构词法】表示职业的名词后缀：-er    worker, teacher, singer-or    doctor, actor, editor-ian    mathematician（数学家）, librarian（图书管理员）-ist    artist, dentist4、suddenly  adv. 突然；忽然Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. 【拓展例句】"Do you remember much about the accident?" "No, it all happened so suddenly."“你还记得事故是怎么回事吗？”“不记得了，事情发生得太突然。”I suddenly realized that there was someone following me.  我突然意识到有人跟着我。【拓展】 sudden  adj.突然的5、born  v. (be born) 出生Da Vinci was born in the countryside.  达芬奇出生在一个村庄。【拓展】be born in.  可表示：出生在某时某地6、perhaps  adv.也许，可能His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world.  他的画很出名，其中的一幅是蒙娜丽莎，或许是世界上最著名的绘画作品。【拓展】perhaps的同义词：maybe, possibly跟famous有关的搭配：be famous for  因为而出名be famous as  作为而出名Justin Bieber is famous _a super star, and he is famous _his songs.（答案：as, for）7、include  v.包括For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings.  例如，他的笔记本包括有一些有趣的图案。【拓展例句】Does the price include postage?  这个价格包含邮费吗？His job includes looking after under-21 teams.  他的职责包括照料 21 岁以下的队。Their new house has four storeys including the attic.   他们的新房子有四层楼，包括阁楼。【拓展】include跟contain的区别：都有“包含”的意思，但contain可用于表示包含所含之物的的全部或部分，而include则只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。例如：The parcel included a dictionary. 那包裹里也包括了一本字典。The parcel contained a dictionary. 那包裹里装的是一本字典。8、win  v. （在比赛中）获胜，赢Jane Dickinson won Magic TV Quiz.  简迪金森获得了“魔幻电视问答大赛”的冠军。【拓展】win的过去式为wonwinner  n.冠军    runner-up/a second place  n.亚军    a third place  n.季军9、Some与any的用法：  1. some 与any 接可数名词和不可数名词；  2. some通常用于肯定句，any通常用于否定句与一般疑问句；特殊情况- 当希望对方回答”yes”时，通常在表示请求或建议的疑问句中，这种情况要用some。如：would you like some .?    Can / Could you give me some.?    May I have some .?    What / How about some.?    Why dont you / Why not have some.?any也可以用在肯定句中，表示“任意一个”。例如：I have many books. You can borrow any one. 复合不定代词的用法：复合不定代词是由some, any, every, no分别与one, thing, body组合而成的1）. somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代词是单数形式的词。2）. 与形容词搭配：   anything/ something +adj. 例如：There is something wrong with my computer.我的电脑出故障了。3）. 与动词不定式搭配   something to do 例如：He is very free today. He has nothing to do.4）. not any =nothing/ nobody There is not any water in the cup. = There is nothing in the cup. There are not any students in the classroom. = There are nobody in the classroom.10、He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines.  他也有很多的发明。例如，他的笔记本上包含有一些飞行机器的有趣图画。for example  意为“例如”，后面引导的内容为举例的信息，用于支撑前面的主题句。类似的意思还可以用like, such as。如：I kept to safe subjects, like the weather.  我只谈一些无关痛痒的话题，例如天气。Fine Arts is a generic term for subjects such as painting, music and sculpture.  美术是多门学科的通称，例如绘画、音乐和雕塑。11、Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants.  一些恐龙像鸡一样大，其他一些有十只大象那么大。some.others.  一些其他的【拓展】another, other, the other, the others, others的区别：another表示不定数目中的“另一个，类似的一个”；other表示“另一个，其他的”；the other表示“两个中的另一个人或物”；the others表示“其余的人或物”；others泛指“其他的人（物）”时，不加定冠词the。例如：I dont like this one. Can you show me another (one) ?I dont like these. Can you show me any others?The little boy had a book in one hand, and a ball in the other.These glasses got broken but some of the others are all right.Be good to others.as.as.  表示”和一样“Get Carl to lift it - he's as strong as an ox (= very strong).   让卡尔来提起它吧-他像牛一样壮。类似的意思也可以用：the same (.) as.Training isn't the same thing as education.   训练与教育并不一样。12、Da Vinci was born in the countryside.  达芬奇出生在一个村庄。in the countryside意为“在乡村；在农村”A week in the countryside will do you good (=make you feel better) .  在乡下呆一个星期对你有好处。13、As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things.  随着他逐渐长大，他学会了很多不同的东西。as在这里是个时间状语连词，表示“随着”其他时间状语连词如：when, while, since, until。【拓展】learn to do.  表示“学习做某事”14、Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.   恐龙在人类出现之前的超过六千万年之时生存在地球上。more than.  意为“比多” （used before a number or amount for saying that the actual number or amount is larger than this）The company owes money to more than 60 banks.  这家公司欠下60多家银行的债。More than a third of all pedestrian injuries are to children.  所有受伤的行人中有1/3以上是儿童。