基础英语作业一.doc

基础英语（一）作业一Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. (30 points)1. We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party. Yes, _? Ill give them a call right now.A. why notB. what forC. whyD. what2. Try _ she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. as3. Planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have changed by next year.A. madeB. is makingC. makesD. has made4. I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _ polite.A. was just beingB. will just beC. had just beenD. would just be5. Someone wants you on the phone. -_ nobody knows I am here.A. AlthoughB. AndC. ButD. So6. I can _ the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.A. come up withB. put up withC. turn toD. stick to7. The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen8. Only when he reached the tea-house _ it was the same place hed been in last year.A. he realizedB. he did realizeC. realized heD. did he realize9. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _there.A. had been lyingB. has been lyingC. was lyingD. has lain10. The form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself.A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. better than11. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what 12. They _have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should13. It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _man. A. a; aB. a; theC. the; the D. a; /14. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to _.A. disappearB. fallC. failD. damage15. Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes. Well, you married one. _.A. You name itB. Ive got itC. I cant agree moreD. You should knowPart II ClozeDirections: Complete the following passage with appropriate words. (20 points)In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 16 course about 20 years ago.The professor 17 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans, and invited the students to 18 how many beans the jar contained. After 19 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 20 answer, and went on saying, “You have just 21 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 22 your own senses.”Twenty years later, the 23 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 24 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 25 into an unknown world invisible to the 26 , which can be discovered only through scientific 27 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 28 the invitation. She was just 29 to understand the world. And she 30 that her firsthand experience could be the 31 . The professor, however, said that it was 32 . He was taking away her only 33 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute. “I remember feeling small and 34 ,” the woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 35 the course that afternoon, and I havent gone near science since.”16. A. art B. historyC. scienceD. math17. A. searched forB. looked atC. got throughD. marched into18. A. countB. guessC. reportD. watch19. A. warningB. givingC. turning awayD. listening to20. A. readyB. possibleC. correctD. difficult21. A. learnedB. preparedC. taughtD. taken22. A. loseB. trustC. sharpenD. show23. A. lecturerB. scientistC. speakerD. woman24. A. describedB. respectedC. sawD. served25. A. voyageB. movementC. changeD. rush26. A. professorB. eyeC. knowledgeD. light27. A. modelB. sensesC. spiritD. methods28. A. hearB. makeC. presentD. refuse29. A. suggestingB. beginningC. pretendingD. waiting30. A. believedB. doubtedC. provedD. explained31. A. growthB. strengthC. faithD. truth32. A. firmB. interestingC. wrongD. acceptable33. A. taskB. toolC. successD. connection34. A. cruelB. proudC. frightenedD. brave35. A. droppedB. startedC. passedD. missedPart III Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are three passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. (26 points) Passage 1Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to take revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, misplaced politeness can be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone master the subtle aspects of roadmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that an explosion in car-ownership would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. Its high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 36. According to the passage, the role of politeness is _.A. resisting the temptation to take revenge when subjected to uncivilized behaviorB. relieving the tensions of motoringC. responding to a friendly nod or wave of acknowledgementD. Both A and B37. By “good sense”, the writer means _.A. the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyB. the drivers prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC. the drivers tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD. the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations38. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of an explosion of car-ownership _.A. road users should make sacrificesB. drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC. drivers should have more communication among themselvesD. drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others39. In the writers opinion, _.A. strict traffic regulations are badly neededB. drivers should apply road politeness properlyC. rude drivers should be punishedD. drivers should avoid traffic jamsPassage 2Teaching involves more than leadership. Some of the teachers time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an efficient organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages cooperation.Standards and rules must be established that maintain order, ensure justice, and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts anothers individual rights? Without clear guidelines mutually agreeable to students, teachers, and administration, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without input from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in ruining the class environment, finding ways to break rules.No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and establishing a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizations structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or athletic contests, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to restore a positive environment by helping students cope with conflict, change, and stress. 40. This article is written mainly for the purpose of _.A. providing information for teachingB. studying the teachers behavior in the classroomC. comparing the teachers behaviors with studentsD. teaching and organizing a class41. The teacher, to some extent, is a leader because _.A. he is responsible for a well-organized class and a good learning environmentB. he deals with students in the same way as a leader deals with peopleC. he should develop harmony among studentsD. he has to maintain order and give instruction and evaluation42. The teacher should do more than teach. It is his responsibility to _.A. create an organizational structure and a positive learning structureB. establish standards and rules students should followC. help students deal with conflict, change, and stressD. all of the above43. The following statements are true of the standards and rules to be established EXCEPT _.A. the standards and rules should maintain orderB. the standards and rules should not violate school policyC. the standards and rules are accepted only by the teachers and administrationD. the standards and rules should ensure justice and protect students individual rights44. Which of the following is NOT true? A. If the teacher well unites his students and creates a positive atmosphere, he then will complete his task.B. If guidelines are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess.C. Outside pressures may cause stress among students.D. Students need the teacher just as sheep need a shepherd.Passage 3Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties, practical rules which promote efficiency, and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzania, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents presence without asking permission.Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth century Provence, in France. Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today. 45. Which of the following is NOT an element of the code of etiquette?A. Respect for age.B. Formal compliments.C. Proper introductions at social functions.D. Eating with a fork rather than fingers.46. Which of the following was true of England approximately a century ago?A. The young men had to get their parents permission before they sat in their presence.B. The young men couldnt sit in the old mens presence before asking permission.C. Fingers were to be kept as tidy as possible.D. A person was supposed to rub the spit underfoot after spitting.47. Etiquette as an art of gracious living is quoted as a feature of _ in the passage.A. RomeB. TanzaniaC. FranceD. Egypt48. According to the writer, that _ was part of chivalry.A. a knight should inspire his lady to perform valiant deedsB. a knight should perform deeds which would inspire romantic songsC. a knight should express his love for his lady from a distanceD. a knight should regard his lady as strong and independentPart IV Directions: Each of the following sentences contains an error. Point it out and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. (16 points) 49. There is no more freer city than New York;