Module 4 A Social Survey—My Neighborhood词汇短语讲义--2021-2022学年外研版高中英语必修一.docx

Module 4 A Social SurveyMy Neighborhood1. sound vi.听起来n.声音;声响sound可作连系动词，意为“听起来”，后面接形容词或分词作表语，不能接副词。What he said sounds reasonable.他说的听起来是有道理的。She didn't sound surprised when I told her the news.我把消息告诉她时，她好像并不感到惊讶。比拟：sound, voice和noise的区别(1) sound作名词时，意为"声音;响声”，统指人所听到的任何声音。asound是"一种 声音”,sounds是“多种声音”。We heard sounds of laughter from the next room.我们听到隔壁房间传来阵阵笑声。(2) voice特指人发出的声音，指嗓音、说话声、歌唱声。She has a loud/high/charming voice.她的嗓音很大/很高/很悦耳。(3) noise指音量大而难听的声音。Stop making so much noise!别吵了！2. pretty adv.相当彳艮;非常pretty可以作副词，也可以作形容词。(1)作副词时，意为“颇湘当;十分;极彳艮”。习语:pretty much/well几乎;差不多。I'm pretty sure I'll be going.我相当肯定我会去的。It's pretty hard to explain.这事很难解释清楚。(2)作形容词时，意为“漂亮的;标致的“，一般用于形容女子。The pretty girl is very shy and always hides behind her mother.这个漂亮的女孩很害羞，总是藏在她妈妈的后面。You look so pretty in that dress.你穿那条连衣裙真漂亮。3. bother vt. & vi.打搅;烦扰;麻烦(1) bother with/about sth花费精力、时间(做某事)It's not worth bothering with an umbrella-the car is just outside.不必打伞，汽车就在外面。(2) bother sb about/with sth使某人烦恼;给某人造成麻烦I'm sorry that I have to bother you with this problem.对不起，我不得不用这个问题来麻烦你了。(3) bother to do sth烦心/费事做某事He didn't even bother to say thank you.他甚至没有说声谢谢。(4)在口语中，Don't bother主要用于谢绝对方主动提出的善意帮助，意为“不用费心、 不用麻烦”。一Shall I help you with the washing up?要不要我帮你洗碗？一Don5t bother. Ill do it later.不必麻烦了，我等一会儿洗。4. approach vt.接近，靠近It is not allowed to approach the forbidden area.这里是禁区，不许接近。Few writers approach his richness of language.他语言之丰富，很少有作家能望其项背。5. afford vt.买得起;有能力支付afford直接跟名词或动词不定式作宾语，常和情态动词can或be able to连用。He can afford the apartment.他能买得起这套住房。We weren't able to afford to buy such an expensive car at that time.我杷号那时买不起这么昂贵的汽车。6. exchange vt.交换(1) exchange sth (with sb) (与某人)交换某物Juliet and David exchanged glances.朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。(2) exchange A for B 用 A 去换 BYou can exchange your current for dollars in the hotel.你可以在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。May I exchange this for something?我可以用这个换别的东西吗？exchangeable adj.可交换的河交易的河兑换的7. fortunate adj.幸运的;吉祥的(1) be fortunate in在方面很幸运He is fortunate in having such nice friends.他真幸运，有这样好的朋友。(2) be fortunate to do sth 做某事很幸运You are very fortunate to have such a pleasant house.你真幸运，有这么好的房子。(3) fortunate (for sb) that (对某人来说)幸运的是It's very fortunate that we have Emma here.真幸运，爱玛和我们在一起。fortune n. 财富;运气unfortunate adj.不幸的fortunately adv.幸运地8. attractive adj.有吸引力的;吸引人的be attractive to sb 对某人有吸引力Her beauty is very attractive to him.她的美貌对他很有吸引力。I must say, ifs a very attractive offer.我得说，这个机会很有吸引力。attract v.吸引;使喜爱;引起好感attraction n.吸引(力)；有吸引力的人或物9. survive vi. & vt.死里逃生;大难不死;艰难度过Of the six people injured in the plane crash, only two survived.在飞机坠毁中受伤的六个人中，只有两个人活了下来。(1) survive from从幸存下来Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.有些奇异的风俗是从早年留存下来的。(2) survive on 靠7舌下来;靠生活I can't survive on £40 a week.一个星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。(3) survive as作为仍然存在The main building was demolished, but the library still survive as a museum.主楼被毁，但图书馆仍留存至今，用作了博物馆。10. contact vt. & n.联络;联系某人(1) contact sb联络、联系某人If you are free, please contact me.如果你有空，请联系我。Contact the police immediately.立刻与警方联络。(2) be in contact with 和有联系Have you been in contact with your sister recently?最近你和你的姐姐有联系吗？(3) be out of contact with 和没有联系I have been out of contact with her for three years.我和她失去联系已有三年。(4) lose contact with 与失去联络In World War II, too many friends lost contact with each other.在第二次世界大战中，许多朋友彼此失去了联系。(5) stay/keep in contact with 与保持联系Though they haven't seen each other for a long time, they still stay in contact with each other on the Internet.尽管已很长时间没见面了，他们仍在网上保持联系。(6) make contact with 与取得联系They made contact with headquarters by radio.他们用无线电跟总部取得了联系。(7) come into contact with 与接触;碰见There I came into contact with some artists.在那儿我接触了一些艺术家。11. a number of 许多;大量比拟：a number of, the number of, numbers of 的区另U三者均修饰可数名词，区别如下：(1) a number of许多;大量(谓语动词用复数)A number of students have read this book.很多学生都读了这本书。(2) the number of 的数目(谓语动词用单数)The number of giant pandas is growing.大熊猫的数量在增加。(3) numbers of很多(谓语动词用复数)Huge numbers of birds have flocked together by the lake.成群的鸟聚集在湖畔。12. a great many 许多;大量a great many修饰可数名词复数(谓语动词用复数)The young couple has traveled a great many cities since they got married.这对年轻的夫妇自从结婚后已经旅行了很多城市。A great many students were sent to the West to help the children there.大量学生被派往西部帮助那里的孩子。比拟:a great many 0 a great many of 的区别(1) a great many后直接修饰名词，名词可以有修饰语。a great many students/a great many young students(2) a great many of 后主要接：代词：a great many of them被冠词修饰的名词：a great many of the students被 these, those 修饰的名词：a great many of these students被物主代词修饰的名词：a great many of my students被所有格修饰的名词：a great many of Tom's students13. put up 修建;建立;树立put up a building/fence/memorial/tent盖楼房/架篱笆/修纪念碑/搭帐篷(1)怂恿;唆使I can't believe he'd do a thing like that on his own. He must have been put up to it by some of the older boys.我不相信他会主动干那种事，一定是有些年龄大的男孩子叫他干的。(2)提升;使升高She put her hair up.她把发第在头上。(3)提高;增加My landlord is threatening to put the rent up by 10 a week.我的房东要挟说要把每周租金提高10英镑。(4)留某人住在家中We can put you up for the night.我们可以招待你过夜。（5）（在战斗、竞赛中）显示;表现They surrendered without putting up much of a fight.他们没怎么抵抗就投降了。（6）推荐;提名The Green Party hopes to put up a number of candidates in the General Election.绿党希望提出假设干候选人参加大选。（7）张贴;置于明显位置put up a notice/a poster 张贴通知 / 海报