常用英语词根词缀分类表(共9页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语构词法1.表否定或反义的常用词缀:反义否定前缀位置意义例词a-an-not,without否定apolitical不关心政治的;anonymous匿名的,无名的,不知名的ab-away fromabnormal非正常的;a- ;ab-abs-在“t”“v”之前avoid避免abstain弃权,戒; abstract摘要ant-anti-against,opposite“反抗”“反”“抗”antarctic南极(的); anti-Japanese war抗日战争;antimissile反导弹的; antisocial反社会的; antimagnetic防磁的; antiseptic防腐剂;antifreezing liquid抗冻剂counter-contra-againstOpposite反,对应counteraction反作用, counterattack反攻;contrast对比,对照; counteract抵抗;counterpart对手,副本;contramissile反导弹 导弹counterclcckwise逆时针的de-away,down,negative离开,分,否定,使低下decompose分解; decompression减压;degrade使降级; demobilize复员;degenerate堕落的; decay衰败;debase贬低;dis-加在名、形、动词前不disadvantage不利,不利条件;disagree,不同意dis-加在动词前不再disappear消失; disarm解除武装;disconnect分离di-dif-dis-away,negative否定,分开,不distrust不信任怀疑; differentiate区分disassemble拆开: divest脱衣,剥夺;il-加在以“l” 开头的词前不illegal不合法的; illegitimate非法的illiterate文盲; im-in-ir-加在字母m,b,p之前not,in,into否定,加强或引申意义impracticable行不通的; invisible不可见的; irrational不合理的; inaccurate不准确的; irresistable不可抗拒的;mal-bad,badly恶,不良maltreat虐待; malfunction机能失常;malcontent不满的; malnutrition营养不良;maladminister对管理不善mis-bad,badly错,坏mistake错误non-not否定nonmetal非金属; non-ferrous非铁的;nonviolent非暴力的; nonprofessional无职业的se- 分离separation分离;secure安全;segregation隔离,分开un-加在形、副、名词前not否定unpredictable无法预言的;unknown未知的后缀-proof加在名词后(adj)防的, waterproof防水的;boomproof防弹的;soundproof隔音的;burglar-proof防盗的2.表示时间的常用词缀:时间前缀词缀位置意义例词ante-before在之前ante-room前厅;ante-Christian基督降生前;antecedent先行的,先时的ex-前任的ex-president前总统; ex-premier前总理fore-before前预先foremost最前的; forecast预测;forefather前人,祖先 forehead前额;foretell预言; foreground前景;foresee预见pre-before之前prehistory史前: Prefix前缀prerequisite先决条件;prelude序言前奏曲; pre-election大选前;pro-预先的programme节目单; prologue序言,序幕;prophet预言家proto-原始,初protohydrogen初氢; prototype原型;protoplasm原生质; protoplast原物,原型meta-在之后,变化,变位Metaphor隐喻; metaphrase逐字硬译;metaphysics形而上学post-after之后postwar战后; postgraduate研究生;post-liberation解放后retro-back往后的retrograde倒退的; retrospect回顾3.表示数字的常用词缀:数字数字前缀前缀词缀位置意义例词 demi-hemi-semi-半demigod半神半人; hemicycle半圆形建筑semiautomatic半自动的;semimechanized半机械化的mono-one单一monomotor单发动机; monowheel单轮uni-uniform均匀的; unipolar单极的;unicellular单细胞的: uniaxial单轴的;unilateralism单边主义 ambi- amphi-两 周围ambiguous有两个意义的,暧昧的;amphitheater圆形剧场; amphibian两栖的ambidextrous左右手都善用;bi-二,双bimetalic双金属的 bimotor双发动机;biweekly双周(刊) biyearly两年一次的di-dioxide二氧化物; diode二级管;diphthong双元音tri-三triangle三角形; tripod三角架;triennial每三年一次的; triple三倍的;tricar三轮车; triode三极管 quadri-quadru-四quadruple四倍的; quadrangle四边形;quadricentennial四百周年纪念penta-五pentagon五角大楼; pentagram五角星形:pentameter五步诗句quinque- quinqui- quinqua-quinta-fever五日回归热;quintessence精华(古代所谓组成天体的“第五素”)sex-sexi-六sexangle六角; sexennial六年一度的;sexcentenary六周年纪念sept-七September九月(古罗马的七月);septennial七年一度的hepta-heptad七人集团; heptagon七角形octa- oct-octo-八octagon八角形; October十月;:octad八价元素; octopus章鱼nona- ennea-九nonagon九角形; ennead九个一组deci- deca-十decimal十进位的; decagramme十克;decade十年,十个合成一组centi-百,百分之一centimetre厘米(百分之一米);omtilitre厘升(百分之一升);centipede蜈蚣(百脚虫)kilo-千Kilowatt千瓦; kilometer千米;kilogram(me)公斤,千克milli-千,千分之一millennial千年的; milligram毫克multi-许多Multi-coloured颜色多样的,Multi-national多民族的; multiform多种形式的multilateral多边的 multipole多极poly-多,复,聚polygon多边形; polyatomic多原子的;polyphase多相的; polyunclear多核的4.动词化常用词缀:动词化 前 缀词缀位置意义例词be-to make intensive使加强belittle使缩小,贬低;befriend友好相待,帮助en-em-in,into,to make使,使人enlarge扩大; enable使能;embed埋置,嵌进 ; empower使能;encage关人笼中; embrace拥抱;endear受喜爱; embody收录,体现; 后 缀-en加在形容词前或后(v.)make使变成harden使硬; lengthen使变长;weaken使变弱; broaden加宽;-ify加在名词、形容词后 (v)cause to become使成,使化magnify放大; simplify简化;purify提纯 certify证明;glorify颂扬; electrify使电气化-ish(v)从法文借来的abolish废除 blandish讨好;cherish爱护; perish毁灭-ize -ise-yze -yse加在形容词后(v)cause to be of have以方式对待;化realize实现; mechanize机械化;analyse,analyze分析; Americanize美国化; popularize推广-ate(v.) 使成为activate 使活动5.名词化常用词缀:名词化名词化后缀后缀后缀词缀位置意义例词-an加在形容词后 (n)one who。that which表人Asian 亚洲人; electrician 电工;physician医生-ant-ent加在动词后applicant申请人; correspondent通信者;resistant抵抗者 servant仆人;defendant被告-ard加在形容词后drunkard酒鬼; coward懦夫 -arian加在名词后humanitarian人道主义者:octogenarian八十至八十九岁的人;-crat加在名词后democrat民主人士; bureaucrat官僚-ee加在动词后addressee收件人; employee雇员;examinee应试人; refugee难民;-eer加在名词后pioneer开拓者 electioneer竞选的人 auctioneer拍卖商; engineer工程师;rocketeer火箭专家; electioneer竞选的 volunteer志愿者;-er (-or)加在动词后加在地名后manufacturer制造人; best-seller畅销货;survivor幸存音; adapter改编者-ese加在地名上Chinese中国人汉语; Japanese日本人; Portuguese葡萄牙人,葡萄牙语;-ess加在动词后hostess女主人; manageress女经理;actress女演员-ian -an加在地名后Milean非洲人;American美国人; Australian澳大利亚人-ician加在形容词后electrician电学专家;logician逻辑学家; mathematician数学家-ish加在国家名称之后Swedish瑞典的,瑞典人;Irish爱尔兰的,爱尔兰人-ist加在名词后socialist社会主义者 dramatist剧作家dentist牙科医生; botanist植物学家-or加在动词后accelerator加速器; actor演员;collector收藏家; accumulator存储器;accommodator替工-ster加在形容词后youngster年轻人; gangster歹徒;trickster骗子 -al加在动词后(n)act;one who;that which表动作,事物proposal提案; professional专业人员;signal信号; approval同意;refusal拒绝; arrival到达-age加在动词后(n)表示特性或情况(n)state,quality,act表状态,性质,行为passage通道; breakage破损;shortage缺乏; courage勇气;shrinkage收缩;-ance-ence加在形容词后importance重要性; confidence自信心;independence独立; appearance外貌;existence存在-ancy-ency加在形容词后consistency贯性; frequency频率;urgency紧迫性-cy加在形容词后accuracy准确性; policy政策;bureaucracy官僚主义 infancy婴儿期;bankruptcy破产; diplomacy外交-dom加在形容词后freedom自由; wisdom智慧;chiefdom首领地位; kingdom王国-ery加在名词、动词、形容词后slavery奴隶制; bravery-勇敢;refinery提炼厂-hood加在名词后neighborhood邻里; livelihood生计;manhood男子气概;fatherhood父亲的身份; falsehood谬误-ion-tion-sion加在动词后fashion时髦; decision决定;addition增加;dominion统治权; description描写-ity加在形容词后unity团结一致; maturity成熟性;conductivity传导性; visibility能见度-ment加在动词后enjoyment欣赏; management管理;instrument工具; punishment惩罚-ship加在名词后partnership伙伴关系; leadership领导;sportmanship运动员道德;citizenship公民身份;championship冠军头衔-ty加在形容词后bounty慷慨; loyalty忠实;certainty肯定; plenty丰富-y加在形容词后entry进A difficulty困难; victory胜利-ness加在形容词后consciousness觉悟; darkness黑暗;busyness忙碌; kindness善良-fold加在数词后(n)表示倍数twofold二倍的; manifold许多倍的; thousand fold千倍的-gram加在名词后(n)构成图“画”“字”等含义diagram图表;program大纲,节目单; telegram电报-graph加在动词后(n.)用于写或记录的仪器calculagraph计时器; micrograph微写器;seismograph地震仪;chorograph位置测定器-la加在形容词后(n)disease,state,quality疾病,集合,抽象名词pneumonia肺炎; media媒介;militia民兵-ics加在名词后(n)表示一门学科acoustics声学; aerobatics技巧飞行术;economics经济学; electrostatics静电学-nomy加在形容词后astronomy天文学; economy经济;taxonomy分类学; autonomy自冶权-ism加在名词或动词之后(n)state, do才trine,system表行为,状态,制度,社会信仰,学说criticism批评; formalism形式主义;impressionism印象主义;capitalism资本主义-let加在名词后(n)small,unimportant小booklet小册子; leaflet嫩叶,传单;cutlet肉片; streamlet小溪-logy加在名词后(n)discoursestudy论,研究biology生物学; ideology思想(体系);technology技术; archaeology考古学;etymology词源学; geology地质学-ette加在名词后(n)表示假的,人造的代用品cigarette香烟; flannelette棉法兰绒;leatherette人造革; kitchenette小厨房-ing加在动词后(n)indicating material表示材料piping管道系统; wiring配线-th加在形容词、动词、数词后(n)第,性质birth出生; depth深度;growth生长; breadth宽度;truth真理;-try-ery加在名词、形容词、动词后(n)表示集体、地点fishery渔业; carpentry木匠业;bravery勇敢; bakery面包坊 -ure加在动词后表示行为及其结果departure离开; exposure曝光;expenditure支出; disclosure透露;-y加在称呼、形容词后(n)小,呢称doggy小狗儿; daddy爸爸;deary宝贝儿,; fatty胖子-meter 仪器speedometer测违仪6.形容词化常用词缀:形容词化后缀后缀词缀位置意义例词-able-ible加在动词后(adj.)capable of,suitable for能(为)的,适于的noticeable值得注意的; portable可携带的;avoidable可避免的; possible可能的-al加在名词后 (adj)related to;like具有性质的,如的functional起作用的; natural自然的;editorial编辑的; educational教育上的;national民族的-an-ian-ean加在地名上(adj)like,related关于的,有性质的suburban郊区的; Canadian加拿大European欧洲的; African非洲的-ate-ute加在动词后fortunate幸运的; considerate考虑周到的passionate热情的; contribute贡献-ed加在名词后 (adj.)adjective form of nouns and verbs有的pleased愉快的; armed武装的;aged上了年纪的; cultured有教养的:talented有才能的;-en加在名词后(adj)having the quality of有性质的,似的woolen毛的; golden金色的;rotten腐败的; wooden木制的-ful加在名词后(adj)having the quality of充满的,具有性质的fruitful有成果的; doubtful有怀疑的;cheerful高兴的; peaceful和平的;wonderful好极了的加在容器后(adj)表示某容器的容量handful少量; spoonful一茶匙的量glassful一玻璃杯的量-ic(-ical)加在名词后(adj)like,related to类似的,具有的heroic英雄般的; metallic金属的;logical合逻辑的; microscopic显微镜的-id加在动词后(adj.)state性质acid酸的; arid干燥的;florid绚烂的; horrid可怕的;acrid刻薄的-ing加在名词后(adj .)构成现在分词作定浯agonizing令人痛苦的; appetizing开胃的;fascinating迷人的; exciting使人兴奋的-ish加在普通名词之后(adj.)表具有性质或含有轻蔑的意思childish孩子气的 ish傻里傻气的; selfish自私自利的加在表颜色的形容词后(adj.)表略带颜色的greenish浅绿色的; yellowish淡黄色的-ite加在动词后(adj.)related to,having the quality of具有 性质的definite一定的; opposite相对的;favorite特别喜欢的-1ess 加在名词后(adj.)without有的fearless无畏的; boundless无边的;useless无用的 homeless无家可归的;-like加在名词后(adj.)having the quality of 有性质的,象.的warlike好战的; dreamlike梦一般的; humanlike象人类的-ous -eous-ious-iois加在名词后(adj)having the qualityof富有的advantageous有利的; famous著名的;various各种各样的; courageous英勇的-some加在形容词、名词、动词后(adj)having the quality of象的,引起的,易于的,有倾向的troublesome讨厌的; lonesome寂寞的;loathsome讨厌的; fulsome讨厌的-y加在名词后(adj)full of,covered with,having the quality of充满,包含hairy多毛发的;irony铁似的7.表示属性的常用词缀:属性前缀词缀位置意义例词macro-large大的macrobian长寿的(人); rnacroworld宏观世界;macroclimate大气候mini-small,little小miniskirt超短裙; minibus小公共汽车;miniature小画像,小型的micro-small微microwave微波; microscope显微镜;microbus微型公共汽车; microfilm缩微胶卷;micro-switch微型开关eu-good,well优,善eugenics优生学; eulogize赞美; eulogy赞美; euphony悦耳; eupeptic消化良好的前缀mal-bad,badly恶,不良maltreat虐待; malfunction机能失常;malcontent不满的 malnutrition营养不良;maladminister对管理不善neo-new新neorealism新现实主义; neolithic新石器时代的;neotropical新热带区的;neoclassic(a1)新古典主义 neoimpressionism新印象主义pseudo-false假pseudoscience伪科学; pseudonym笔名,假名;pseudomorph假象; pseudo-democratic假民主thermo-heat热Thermometer温度计 thermodyamics热力学ec-异常的eclipse(天体)食; ecstasy狂想;eccentric(人、行为)古怪的;行为古怪的人ortho-正确,直orthogonal直角的; orthodox正统;orthograph正投影图; orthoepy正音hetero-other不同的heteropolar异极的; heteroatom异质原子homo-same同等homogeneous均匀的; homopolar同极的;homosexual同性恋的; homograph同形异义字;homogeneous同类的,同族的 sym- syn-syl- sys-with,together共同symmetric对称的; syllable音节;system系统; synchronous同步的;synonym同义词: synthetic合成的tele-远的,终端teleprinter电传打字机; telescope望远镜;teleswitch摇控开关auto-self自动automate使自动化; autonomy自治,自治权;autoignite自燃; autostable自动稳定; automobile汽车;8.表示方向、位置的常用词缀:方向位置前缀词缀位置意义例词over-above,在之上向上,在上over bridge天桥; overhead 头顶的up-uphold 高举; upright 垂直的sub-下,在下,其次次, 亚, 低于,不足subway 地道; submarine 水下的substandard低于标准规格的; succeed继承; suffix后缀;under-Beneat,在.之下;低于,次于,下内(衣服)underdone半生不熟的; undersea在海底;underline在下划线; underwear内衣:underpants内裤; underestimate估计过低;underground地下的: undergrown发育不全的;inter-between;among;one with or on another 在中,在间;互相interpersonal 人与人之间的,internal 内部政的,国内的; interchange交换;international国际的; interconnect使互相联系intra-Inside在内;内部intracardiac心脏内部的; intramolecular分子内部的;intracellulor细胞内部的; intrapersonal个人内心的intro-到之中introduce介绍; introspect反省mid-rniddle中,中间midair半空中; midstream中流e- ex-out,away外outside,outward在外,向外external外部的; emit发射;发表(意见);发行extra-extranuclear核外的; extrasolar太阳系以外的;extraordinary非常的; extraterritorial治外法权;extraEuropean欧洲以外的trans- tra- across转换,横过,越过transmit传送; tradition惯例;transoceanic横渡大洋的; transnormal超出常规的:transplant移植; 后缀-ern加在名词后表示方向eastern东方的; sou