特殊句式用法归纳点拨高三英语一轮复习素材.docx
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特殊句式用法归纳点拨高三英语一轮复习素材.docx
高三英语一轮复习素材:特殊句式点拨很多同学因为没有掌握特殊句式的结构和用法造成失分。下面对强调句、倒装句和省略句以及there be句型作一归纳点拨。强调句例1 It was only after he had read the papers _ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.解析 that。句意:直到他读完这些文件之后,Gross先生才意识到他面前的任务是很难完成的。去掉It was及空白处后,此句可还原为:Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers. 结构及句意完整,由此可知,本句是强调句,因此,空白处填that。点拨 强调句的判断依据:把it is/was和that去掉,如果剩下的部分仍能构成一个结构和意义都完整的句子,这就是强调句,否则不是。例2 It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.解析 that。此句为强调句,强调伊丽莎白和史密斯先生相遇的地方是新西兰。强调句的结构为:it is/was+被强调部分+that/who从句。点拨 强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时,从句不用when或where,而要用that引导。例3 Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized.解析 that。考查强调句的基本形式:it was not until . that .。点拨 当强调until引导的时间状语从句时,要把not连同until引导的成分置于be动词之后。这种句型的基本结构是:it is/was+not until+时间短语/时间状语从句+句子的其他成分。例4 It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.解析 what。句意:尽管大约有两千名病人已经服用了这种药物,但是它会产生什么样的副作用现在还不能确定。根据句意可知应该用what引导主语从句,what在这里实际上是作为形容词来修饰后面的side effect(副作用)。此句形式上易与强调句混淆。点拨 有的同学容易把“it is/was+时间+when/since从句”和“it is/was+名词+that引导的主语从句”以及“it is+地点+where引导的定语从句”当成强调句。我们可以通过以下例句来区分:It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. (强调句)It was midnight when I got back home yesterday. (when引导时间状语从句)It is two years since I began to learn to English. (since引导时间状语从句)It was a great honor that I was invited here today. (that引导的是主语从句)倒装句在特殊句式中,倒装句是重中之重,基本上每年必考。近几年部分倒装的考点有否定词在句首和“only+状语”在句首。全部倒装的考点主要有地点或状语从句位于句首,as或though引导让步状语从句(表语前置)。解题时,首先要判断是部分倒装还是全倒装,一定要根据句子的时态选准助动词。例5 Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ the patients be treated properly in this hospital.解析 can。考查倒装句。“only+状语”位于句首时,主句采用部分倒装结构,根据句意,空白处填can。点拨 only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句且放于句首时,句子要使用部分倒装。例6 Not until he went through real hardship _ he realize the love we have for our families is important.解析 did。句意:直到经历了真正的困苦之后,他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。not until在句首时,句子使用部分倒装,故空白处填did。点拨 not until,否定副词never,seldom,little,nor,neither,not a bit,not a word,以及no构成的固定短语如by no means,in no way,at no time,in no case等位于句首时,句子部分倒装。例7 Try _ she might,Sue couldn't get the door open.解析 as/though。句意:尽管她尽力了,但她还是无法把门打开。as/though引导让步状语从句时,从句的表语或状语或动词要前置。故空白处要填as或though。例8 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _ Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.解析 is/lies。At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River是介词短语作表语,因在句首,所以用全部倒装结构,空白处应填lies或is。例9 No sooner _ Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.解析 had。句意:莫言一走上舞台观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner . than .意为“一就”。在该句型中no sooner所在的主句用过去完成时,than引导的从句用一般过去时。当副词no sooner置于句首时,句子应使用部分倒装,把助动词had提前。点拨 在hardly/scarcely . when .,no sooner . than .中,当hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装,从句不倒装,且主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时态。省略句状语从句中的省略、不定式的省略和含有if的常见省略结构是高考的考查重点。状语从句中,从句的主语必须和主句的主语相同且从句含有be动词时才能省略。不定式符号的省略要注意感官动词和使役动词接动词不定式作宾语补足语的情况。例10 If _ (accept) for the job,youll be informed soon.解析 句意:如果你被这个职位接受,很快就会接到通知。本句是省略句,还原后应为If you are accepted for the job, youll be informed soon。主句的主语是you, 因此,从句的主语应与主句的主语保持一致。故此处应用过去分词表示被动。点拨 当从句的语和主句的主语相同,并且从句含有be动词时,可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。例11 The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,_ ever,reaching 30 in summer.解析 if。考查状语从句的省略。句意:这里的气候非常适宜,在夏天,即使曾经有的话,也很少达到30。if ever是if the temperature ever reaches 30的省略。点拨 常用含if的省略结构:if busy“如果忙的话”;if anything“甚至不如说”;if possible“如果可能的话”;if so“如果那样的话”;if not“如果不的话”。例12 Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still hopes _.解析 考查省略。根据语境可知,Della很希望去参加这次聚会,所以hope后应接go to the party。但为免重复,常省去不定式中的动词,仅留下符号to。点拨 如果不定式所表示的内容在上文中已经出现过,为免重复,常把不定式里的动词及其后续部分省略,只保留to(其否定形式用not to)。若承前省略的不定式中有be或助动词have,to后要保留be或have。there be句型there be句型也是近几年高考的一个常考点。高考一般在短文改错或语法填空中考查there be句型中be动词的单复数问题。另外,要注意there be结构的变式:可用remain,live,stand,lie,exist,seem to be,appear to be,happen to be,used to be等替代there be中的be动词。例13 . Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught.解析 本句there be后面是a sudden pull,pull是单数名词,所以要把were改为was。点拨 there be句型是一个全倒装结构,谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的词语,即“就近原则”。例14 . There exist now a park that has a small river running through.解析 there exist是there be另一种形式,主语是a park, 因此要把exist改为exists。打造特殊句式,提升作文档次在高考作文中,恰当使用特殊句式,可以为文章增色,提升作文档次。例15 . it is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.分析 本句是强调句型强调not . but .连接的并列主语。强调句可与宾语从句、主语从句、同位句从句、定语从句和时间状语从句等相结合,从而使句子结构变得复杂一些,更精彩一些。在书面表达中写出这样的句子可以凸显亮点。例16 . Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.分析 表示否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时,句子需要使用部分倒装。这里not until在句首时,句子使用部分倒装。倒装句是高考书面表达的一个高档句型,合理使用能给人以美感。not构成的短语,如not a bit,not a word,not until以及no构成的固定短语如,by no means,in no way,at no time,in no case等位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。例18 . Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work,it also promoted the friendship among us .分析 not only . but (also)是并列连接词,not only在句首时,其后的句子要用部分倒装语序。当not only . but also . 连接两个并列分句时,第一个分句(not only之后的分句)要使用部分倒装语序。