“五个绝招”破解英语阅读理解.doc

“五个绝招”破解英语阅读理解阅读是增长知识获取信息的主要途径，阅读能力是英语教学的重点。近年来，注重对初中生阅读理解能力的考核已成为中考的一大趋势。阅读理解能力影响并制约听、说、读、写能力的形成和发展，中学英语教学大纲也把培养阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标。要做好阅读理解，应从以下几方面入手。分门别类识别文体    随着信息时代的到来，阅读内容更趋于信息化、的时代化，突破了单一的故事、的寓言等题材，内容涉及新闻、的广告、的科普、的医疗、的教育等，文章的体裁也从记叙扩大到产品说明、的逻辑推理及实际应用等文体。不同的文体阅读的要求与方法不尽相同。记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、的地点、的人物和事件的起因、的发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、的表现，从中分析他们思想品质、的性格特征等；议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、的广告、的便条、的申请书、的个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、的表格、的地址、的网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。  统览全篇摘录要点   阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、的意图、的观点、的立场、的态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。    如2002年本市中考试卷C篇阅读并回答问题中，通过对全篇的布局谋篇以及问题的设置看到的不是片言只语，而从中感悟到人文思想的体现，人类和自然界生态相辅相成的关系，从而得出第6小题：From the passage，we learn that.答案为B：      The rainforest people have done something to protect their home.    在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。统览全篇，摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。     开动脑筋推测词意    初中英语学科教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程：根据上下文猜测词意如闸北区2003年中考模拟题，阅读B篇中p assed away，根据上文的An illness had kept the boy home和下文写给Rick的信中可以猜测出意为“去世”。根据构词法猜测词意    前缀un-表反义词，如happy、的unhappy，fair、的unfair，important、的unimportant等。后缀- ment表名词，如develop、的development，state、的statement，argue、的argument等。后缀-er、的-or或-ist表同源名词，如c alculate、的calculator，visit、的visitor，law、的lawyer，wait、的waiter，sci- ence、的scientist，art、的artist等。    用知识和生活经验理解短文    如根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.；根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.。根据逻辑推理理解短文    逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、的“言下之意”。如闸北区中考模拟卷阅读C篇回答问题中，根据Have the police taken your driving licence away，too?可以推断问题6：Why was the other man riding a bicycle instead of diving a car?的答案为：Because the police had take his driving licence away.。    再如Then they cam e to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth ashe did before.As soon ashe touched the cloth，he cried，Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen！据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。条分缕析理解长句长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、的复合、的倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、的谓、的宾、的定、的状、的补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。如，Parents whose children show a special interestina particular sport have a difficult decision to make about their children's career.，先找出本句的主、的谓、的宾为Parents have a cision.，再找出修饰语W hose children show a special interestina particular sport为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，to make about their children's careers为不定式做decision的定语。经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。    完型填空解题技巧    完型填空主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括基础知识的掌握和运用，对整个文章逻辑联系的理解，在情景中辨析词义的能力以及词组短语搭配的使用能力，这是大部分考生认为难度最大的考查项目。有些考生的听力基础知识部分做的还比较好，但是完型填空却只能做对一两道，有的甚至对完型填空产生了恐惧心理，导致全军覆没。其实只要我们有信心，有良好的心理素质，再加上一定的技巧，完型填空并不是不可逾越的鸿沟。平心静气不急不躁    对完形填空心存恐惧，是导致失误的根本原因，有些考生满脑子的畏难思想，殊不知这种情绪只会使得自己的全部思想游离题外，根本无法进入思维，还谈何理解文章的内容呢？所以，集中思想、的树立信心、的平心静气、的去除杂念才是做好完型填空题的保证。    浏览全文把握大意浏览全文能获得更多的上下文提供的信息，并根据文章的内在逻辑意义、的贯穿文章始终的主线以及作者行文的走向，把握文脉，调整并定位自己的解题思路，从而做出最终的判断。如在Compuer一文中，作者贯穿文章始终的主线为Computers are important for human beings，但到了最后，作者笔锋一转，提出Are you afraid if computers can really think one day?作者的行文走向是一种担心和忧虑，所以读者既要善于听话听音，也要把握准文脉，及时调整、的定位自己的思路，就会发现上述问题的正确回答应该是Yes，we are afraid.。    识别短语注意搭配一类短语是由动词介词，或动词副词构成，在现代英语中，这类词组很多而且实用性强、的结构简练、的使用灵活、的表达生动，如break the ice，look forward to，keep an eye on，catch one's eye等；还有一类使用极广的是介词短语，如with regard to，ina blink of，on everyone's lips，at the age of等。如果平时能注意词组、的短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律，在做完型填空时就能得心应手，减少失误，提高完型填空的命中率。    运用语法理顺关系语法知识是指导完型填空的法宝，词汇是根据语法规则确定各自的位置，有了语法规则文章才能有条不紊、的顺理成章。完型填空题实际上是“形断意不断，貌离神不离”，正如藕断而丝连，语法规则起到“牵动荷花带出藕”的功效。如介词后的代词必然是宾格；物质名词一般不用复数；形容词必须放在不定代词后；行为动词的否定和疑问句应由助动词do构成；情态动词只能与不带to的动词连用等。如黄浦区2003年中考模拟试卷中的完型填空题第3小题：I was the happiest boy in the world，填入的词逻辑根据为happy，语法根据为最高级，因为前一个词是the，后面是in the world短语，即在一个范围内进行比较，应用形容词的最高级，因而推断出该词为happiest；再如该项的第6小题，挖空处为don't，因为行为动词的否定式应由助动词构成，而且主语是I，因此得出该词为don't。    遇到难词反复默念    有时会遇到这样的情况，大部分词都填出来了，只有一、的两个难词绞尽脑汁仍不得要领，如果考试时间允许，不要轻易放弃，要穷追不舍，先从语法角度考虑，再从逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思、的作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。有时句子好像什么也不缺，读上去很完整，就必须考虑，很可能缺的就是连词and，副词then、的always、的som etimes等，如果还未填出，应反复默念几遍，有些词就会悄然而至，在你的记忆中浮现出来。细心检查避免疏漏完成填空后最关键的一点是要细心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或疏漏的地方。有些考生为自己全部填出了而沾沾自喜，根本没想到不是缺了“'”就是少了“s”，或是忘了加“ed”，这是很可惜的，因为从意思上他是理解了、的看懂了题目，但因粗心而大意失荆州。如闸北区2003年中考模拟卷完型填空中的第4小题，应为That's no problem .。这是一句口语习语，通常不用复数，但很多考生都填了problems；再如我校模拟卷完型填空中的第5小题为T hen you can look atit again when your money's all gone.，虽然很多考生理解了题目的含义为money，但几乎没有人理解为money is gone的缩写，所以细心检查，反复回读，能够减少疏漏，提高完型填空的正确率。中考试题 初三英语阅读理解练习题一、 Tom arrived at the bus station quite early for Paris bus. The bus for Paris would not leave until five to twelve. He saw a lot of people waiting in the station. Some were standing in line(排队), others were walking around. There was a group of schoolgirls. Their teacher was trying to keep them in line. Tom looked around but there was no place for him to sit.He walked into the station cafe(咖啡馆). he looked up at the clock there. It was only twenty to twelve. He found a seat and sat down before a large mirror(镜子) on the wall. Just then, Mike, one of Toms workmates came in and sat with Tom.“What time is your bus?” asked Mike.“Theres plenty of time yet,” answered Tom.“Well, Ill get you some more tea then,” said Mike.They talked while drinking. Then Tom looked at the clock again. “Oh! Its going backward(倒行)!” he cried. “A few minutes ago it was twenty to twelve and now its half past eleven.”“Youre looking at the clock in the mirror.” said Mike. Tom was so sad(难过). The next bus was not to leave for another hour. Since then Tom has never liked mirrors.根据以上短文内容，从下列各题所给的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。1、Tom went into the station cafe because .AMike asked him to have a cup of teaBit was quite early and he could find a seat thereChe didnt like to stay with the schoolgirlsDhe wanted to have a drink with his workmate there2、What time was it in fact when Tom looked at the clock in the mirror?AHalf past twelve BTwenty to twelve CHalf past eleven DHalf past one3、From the story we know that when we look at a clock in a mirror, we will find .Athe time is right Bits going slower Cits going backward Dits going faster4、Which of the following is true?ATom arrived in Paris on time BThe next bus would leave in half an hourCAfter that Tom didnt like clocks any longerDTom looked at the clock in the mirror only once5、Which of the following is the title(题目) of the story?AThe Mirror of the Station BNot A Careful Man CMissing A Bus DThe Clock In The Mirror二、When Mr. David retired（退休）,he bought a small house in a village near the sea. He liked it and hoped to live a quiet life in it.But to his great surprise, many tourists（游客）came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most interesting building in the village. From morning to night there were tourists outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and many of them even went into Mr. Davids garden. This was too much for Mr. David. He decided to drive the visitors away. So he put a notice on the window. The notice said: “If you want to satisfy your curiosity（好奇心）, came in and look round. Price（价格）: twenty dollars.” Mr. David was sure that the visitors would stop coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr. David had to spend every day showing them around his house. “I came here to retire, not to work as a guide（导游）.” he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away.根据短文内容，从下列各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案。1、Mr. Davids house was that many tourists came to see it.Aso small Bso quiet Cso interesting Dsuch interesting2、Mr. David put a notice on the window in order .Ato drive the visitors away Bto satisfy the visitors curiosityCto let visitors come in and look round Dto get some money out of the visitors3、The notice made the visitors .Amore interested in his house Blost interest in his houseCangry at the unfair price Dfeel happy about the price4、After Mr. David put up the notice .Athe visitors didnt come any longer Bfewer and fewer visitors came to see his houseCmore and more tourists came for a visit Dno tourist would pay the money for a visit5、At last he had to sell his house and move away because .Ahe did not like it at all Bhe could not work as a guideChe made enough money and wanted to buy a new expensive houseDhe could not live a quiet life in it三、Sigmund Freud was a world-famous doctor of Vienna（维也纳）. He was also a man full of humour（幽默）. Once, at his 70th birthday party, a friend asked Freud if he could put his work into several words. “Well,” said Freud, “we take the sick out of their trouble and return them to the common suffering.”As a devoted（忠实的）son, Freud often visited his old mother. His mother usually spent her summers in a small mountain town in Austria（奥地利）. The King Josef usually spent his summers there, too. One day in the summer, a band（乐队）was playing a lively tune（曲子）when Freuds mother was sitting at the window and watching the people singing and dancing on Main Street. The old woman had a poor memory. She heard the band playing, but forgot it was the Kings birthday. Freud was visiting his mother on her 95th birthday. He told his mother, “Mama, the band is playing for your birthday.” She believed him and had a wonderful day.根据短文内容，从下列各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案。1、Freud was a famous of .Adoctor, Austria Bgeneral, Vienna CKing, Austria Ddoctor, Australia2、From what Freud said at his 70th birthday party, we can see that he was .Aa brave man Ba sick man Ca devoted man Da man full of humour3、One day Freud came to the small mountain town for .Ahis 70th birthday Bthe King Josefs birthdayChis mothers birthday Dfor his holiday4、Which of the four sentences is wrong?AFreuds mother and the King Josef usually spent their summers in the same place.BFreud mothers birthday and the Kings birthday were on the same day.CFreuds mother was so old that her memory was very bad.DShe knew that the band was playing for the King.5、Freuds mother felt very happy on her 95th birthday because .Athe King Josef himself came to celebrate（庆贺）her birthdayBthe people of the town came out to celebrate her birthdayCshe believed that the band was playing for her birthdayDshe heard the band playing a lively tune so wonderfully四、We each have a memory（记忆力）. Thats why we can still remember things after a long time. Some people have very good memories and they can easily learn many things by heart, but some people can only remember things when they say or do them again and again. Many of the great men of the world have got surprising memories.A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his mother language when he is a small child. He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Some children are living with their parents in foreign countries. They can learn two languages as easily as one because they hear, remember and speak two languages every day. In school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.But your memory will become better and better when you do more and more exercises.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。1、Some people can easily learn many things by heart because .Athey always sleep very well Bthey often eat good foodCthey read a lot of books Dthey have very good memories2、Everybody learns his mother language .Aat the age of six Bwhen he is a small childCafter he goes to school Dwhen he can read and write3、Before a child can speak, he must .Aread and write Bmake sentencesChear and remember the sounds Dthink hard4、In school the pupils cant learn a foreign language well because .Athey have no good memories Bthey have no recordersCthey have too much time for it Dthey are busy with other subjects5、Your memory will become better and better .Aif you have plenty of good food Bif you do more and more exercisesCif you do morning exercises every day Dif you get up early五、We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers. Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights, and there my wife saw the bookshelf.It stood outside a furniture（家具）shop. “Buy it,” she said at once. “Well carry it home on the roof-rack（车顶架）. Ive always wanted one like that.”What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer, and the bookshelf was tied on to the roof rack. It was tall and narrow, quite heavy too.As it was getting darker, I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good idea.After a time my wife said, “Theres a long line of cars behind. Why dont they overtake（超车）?”Just at that time a police car did overtake. The two officers（警官）inside looked at us seriously when they went past. But then, with a kind smile they asked us to follow their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at our village church（教堂）. One of the officers came to me.“Right, sir,” he said. “Do you need any more help now?”I didnt quite understand. “Thanks, officer,” I said. “Youve been very kind. I live just down the road.”He was looking at our things: first at the flowers, then at the bookshelf. “Well, well,” he said and laughed. “Its a bookshelf youve got there! We thought it waser, something else.”My wife began to laugh. Suddenly I understood why the police drove here. I smiled at the officer. “Yes, its a bookshelf, but thanks again.” I drove home as fast as I could.1、From the story we know that .Athe writer was poor and didnt buy the bookshelf for his wifeBthe writers wife didnt like the bookshelf at allCthe writer was always glad to buy something for his wifeDthe writer was not very glad to buy the bookshelf for his wife2、What made the writer think that carrying furniture was “a good idea”?AHe could drive slowly and it was safe. BOther drivers would let him go first.CHis wife could use a new bookshelf. DHe could save a lot of money and time.3、Why were the police and other drivers so kind to the writer?ABecause they thought the writer liked studying very much and needed a bookshelf.BBecause they didnt think it was polite to overtake a car with a bookshelf on it.CBecause they thought somebody in the writers family had died and he needed help.DBecause they thought it was dangerous to carry a bookshelf on a car.4、Why did the writers wife begin to laugh?ABecause now she knew what mistake the police had made.BBecause at last her husband understood why the police had driven to the church.