北京市高考英语复习真题阅读长难句分析技巧讲义.docx

精讲精练 攻坚克难 You must succeed! 朱老师1.形式多样的定语P1:A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies主干：A new study shows that the vulturine guineafowl have multilevel societies.P2:Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular birds tiny brain size: “They dont only have small brains relative to mammals ( 哺 乳 动 物 ), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said.主干：Dr. Farine emphasizes tiny brain size.P3:There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own.P4:For several decades, there has been( an extensive and organized) campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those (whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science). 分析：There has been a campaign . 多个定语： an extensive and organized; intended to ;funded by thoseP5:Its common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vincis most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrongP6:But what is typically thought to be the scientific methoddevelop a hypothesis ( 假 设 ), then design an experiment to test itisnt what scientists actually doP7:Its this tough, sustained process that works to make sure( faulty claims are rejected).P8:While examples (of truly settled science being overturned) are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist.P9:Scientists have managed to turn an unassuming drone（无人机） into a remote-controlled pollinator（授粉媒介） by attaching horsehairs coated with a special, sticky gel to its underbelly.P10:The results showed that evening types scored higher than morning types on inductive reasoning, which has been shown to be a good estimate of general intelligence and a strong indicator of academic performance.2. 副词或短语开头P1:Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.P2:Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the “Mona Lisa” portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. P3:Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do3. 数据的理解P1:A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle thats 15.4 degrees off to the observers rightwell outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them.P2:Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plasticsP3:The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.4. 连词：P1:Our findings suggested that the brain measures the difference in what we see before and after a blink, and commands the eye muscles to make the needed corrections.” P2:“You reflect反映 on your emotional feelings and then you generate（产生，形成） some sort of recognition judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate actionyou approach the person or you avoid the person,” Niedenthal says. “Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means.” proper=appropriate 合理的 惬当的 Recognize认知 judge判断5. 人物P1:Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.P2:A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies.P3:A behaviorist, BFSkinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundingsA behaviorist, BFSkinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundingsP4:According to Mike Shatzkin, founder and CEO of the Idea Logical Company, printed books just for plain old reading will, in 10 years from now, be unusual.P5:Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasnt looking at him.6.词汇的处理P1:A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively.P2:But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability.P3:The minute Apple crystallizes a product, everyone knows how to compete.P4:It took me more than 10 years to realize that the world has no shortage of fashion (时尚) designers who have the ability to make trendy and elegant garments, but that it is badly in need of, simply, clothes designersP5: I believe that the most meaningful creative motives should arise through caring for other people, the great care of humanitya concern for human feeling and spiritualityP6:The controversy is often referred to as “nature and nurture”P7:Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts（本能）精炼：1. Eventually, they start to lose track of （who they really are）, seeing themselves the way （their fans imagine them）, not as（ the people they were） before everyone knew their names）.lose track of失去联系；跟不上发展2. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨)about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way （that modern tabloids and websites do）. Tabloids小报3. They focus not on （how famous they are） but （on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place）.4. People （who multitask all the time） may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, （based on performances and self-evaluation by about 275 college students）, indicate that （many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity.）5. Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report （how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation-seeking (寻求刺 激) or imperative (冲动)they were.）6. Not surprisingly, the scientists said, （most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those （who thought they were better at it） were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once）. 7. Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focusedtoward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.-2013北京高考8. Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.9. Surveys (调查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat”overly-protective even after their children move into collegedormitories.10. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.11. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.-2015北京高考12. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.13. The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.14. The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.15. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. 16. Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders.17. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior （that administrators are seeking to minimize ）may actually be encouraged.18. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.19. Every college discussion （about community values, social climate and behavior ）should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.-2016北京高考20. When vaccination（疫苗接种） rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”人群性免疫, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.21. Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.22. Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.23. If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”24. A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.25. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against (very determined, super intelligent) machines (whose objectives conflict with our own), with the real world as the chessboard. 26. Anyone (who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms) is talking moonshine空谈. -2017北京高考27. To confirm that the wormschewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 28. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.29. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport an unwelcome side effect副作用 (researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services).30. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 205031. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today -2018北京高考32. We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches（ intended to prevent scammers from getting through.）33. At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.34. for example，that a scammer（骗子） could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller 's，ricking you into "confirming " your address，mother's name，and card number.35. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communicationsusing apps like Face Time or Whats App, which can be tied to your identity.36. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.37. At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton.38. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.-2019北京高考.3.21.20201. People (who use cross-country skiing as a workout over several weeks) will discover( that the muscles of their entire body increase in strength. )2. In addition to gaining strength in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people (who use cross-country skiing as a workout method over several weeks )will also discover that their heart is stronger. Enlarge3. However, managers（ that possess拥有 their own enclosed offices） might have the feeling of being distant(远的) from their clerks, which leads to high pressure. emotion soul stress=pressure压力 en-动词前后缀 ensure保证 enable使能够 process过程4. In contrast,相反 a landscape office makes it easier and more pleasant for employees to communicate with their managers or their colleagues; this would result in speeding up work efficiency and productivity.  it？=to communicate with, by contrary=In contrast5. Some opponents claim that a landscape景观 office would lead to the decline of the value of work satisfaction and motivation from employees. However, the result （from other researchers） remained controversial（有争议的）; in their opinion there are several factors which affect job satisfaction and motivation. Keep=stay=remainSupporter反opponent claim 声明 宣称 Satisfied-satisfaction满足感 mo