复旦大学考博英语模拟题2复习过程.doc

Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。复旦大学考博英语模拟题2-复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语析试题一PARTVocabularyandStructureDirections:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispartForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.1.Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto_theconsequences.A.answerforB.runintoC.abidebyD.stepinto2.Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured_thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.A.inlinewithB.intermsofC.inregardtoD.incaseof3.ItriedveryhardtopersuadehimtojoinourgroupsbutImetwithflat_.A.disapprovalB.rejectionC.refusalD.decline4.Itisstrictly_thataccesstoconfidentialdocumentsisdeniedtoallbutafew.A.securedB.forbiddenC.regulatedD.determined5.Ms.Breenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe_witheveryonewhocomestothestore.A.acceptedB.admittedC.admiredD.acquainted6.Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust_thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworldmarketdemand.A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear7.Itiswell-knownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryare_freemedicalcare.A.entitledtoB.involvedinC.associatedwithD.assignedto8.Yourkindnessingiving_totheconsiderationoftheaboveproblemwillbehighlyappreciated.A.importanceB.advantageC.priorityD.authority9.Bigbusinessesenjoycertain_thatsmalleronesdonothave.A.transactionsB.privilegesC.subsidiesD.substitutes10.Peterwill_asmanagingdirectorwhenBillretires.A.takeoffB.takeoverC.taketoD.takeup11.Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshavecomeabout_.A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally12.Jack_tothemanagerforthemistakeshehadmade.A.excusedB.pardonedC.forgaveD.apologized13._scientistshaveobservedincreasedpollutioninthewatersupply.A.LateB.LaterC.LatterD.Lately14.Thiswatchis_toalltheotherwatchesonthemarketA.superiorB.advantageousC.superD.beneficial15.Freshfruitsandvegetablesaregenerallylessexpensivewhentheyarein_.A.saleB.needC.seasonD.time16.Wecansurely_alldifficultiesthatmaycomeup.A.getonB.comeoverC.getoverD.comeacross17.He_veryquicklyafterhisillness.A.recoveredB.discoveredC.uncoveredD.covered18.Thedesigningofasatelliteintheheavenlyenvironmentis_aneasyjob.A.byallmeansB.byanymeansC.byeverymeansD.bynomeans19.Thegoodharvest_thepriceofstrawberries.A.broughtdownB.cutoutC.arosefromD.addedto20.Mostgreatartistsareexceptionally_people.A.sensitizedB.sensitiveC.senselessD.sensory21.Hecamebacklater,_whichtimetheyhadleft.A.afterB.byC.fromD.for22.Giorgio,nowfifteen,andLucia,alsoinherteens,werereachingthe_oftheiradolescence.A.crisisB.criterionC.causalityD.credibility23.AtfirstJackieprayed,frozeninfear,butgraduallyhisterror_curiosity.A.putupwithB.liveduptoC.didawaywithD.gavewayto24.TheInternationalOlympicCommitteerejectstheaccusationsthatBeijing'sbudget-cuttingmovemight_itspreparationforthegames.A.degradeB.deliberateC.deployD.defend25.TheEskimoisperhapsoneofthemosttrustingandconsiderateofallIndiansbutseemstobe_thewelfareofhisanimals.A.criticalaboutB.indignantatC.indifferenttoD.subjectto26.Thechairmanoftheboard_onmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.A.compelledB.posedC.pressedD.tempted27.Itisnaivetoexpectthatanysocietycanresolveallthesocialproblemsitisfacedwith_.A.forlongB.inandoutC.onceforallD.bynature,28.Usingextremelydifferentdecoratingschemesinadjoiningroomsmayresultin_andlackofunityinstyle.A.conflictB.confrontationC.disturbanceD.disharmony29.TheTimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslist,andisextinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce_.A.thrivedB.swelledC.prosperedD.flourished30.However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto_someofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.A.overturnB.overtakeC.offsetD.oppressPARTReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkcorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Passage1Thereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttofivechildrensomethingtodo.Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld.Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,theAmericas,China,JapanandamongtheArctic(北极的)peoples,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltotheoxcarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofascent(进步).Theprogressfromarattle(拨浪鼓)usedbyababyin3000BCtooneusedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness.Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.31.Thereasonwhythetoysmostboysplaywitharedifferentfromthosethatgirlsplaywithisthat_.A.theirsocialrolesarerigidlydeterminedB.mostboyswouldliketofollowtheirfathers'professionsC.boysliketoplaywiththeirfatherswhilegirlswiththeirmothersD.theylikechallengingactivities32.Oneaspectof"theuniversalityoftoys"liesinthefactthat_.A.technologicaladvanceshavegreatlyimprovedthedurabilityoftoysB.theimprovementofcraftsmanshipinmakingtoysdependsontheeffortsofuniversitiesC.theexplorationoftheuniversehasledtothecreationofnewkindsoftoysD.thebasiccharacteristicsoftoysarethesametheworldover33.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'sviewonthehistoricaldevelopmentoftoys?A.Thecraftsmanshipintoy-makinghasremainedessentiallyunchanged.B.Toyshaveremainedbasicallythesameallthroughthecenturies.C.Thetoyindustryhaswitnessedgreatleapsintechnologyinrecentyears.D.Toysareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingachild'scharacter.34.Regardedasakindofartform,toys_.A.followadirectlineofascentB.alsoappealgreatlytoadultsC.arenotcharacterizedbytechnologicalprogressD.reflectthepaceofsocialprogress35.Theauthorusedtheexampleofarattletoshowthat_.A.intoy-makingthereisacontinuityintheuseofmaterialsB.eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnologyC.itoftentakesalongtimetointroducenewtechnologyintotoy-makingD.evenasimpletoycanmirrortheartistictastesofthetimePassage2Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicessuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviation(航空)industry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesban(禁止)suchdevicesfrombeingusedduring"critical"stagesoflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft'scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicesemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerable(易受损的)tointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosysteminordertodamagenavigationequipment.Asworrying,though,isthepassengerwhocan'theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic'stooloud.36.Thepassageismainlyabout_.A.anewregulationforallairlinesB.thedefectsofelectronicdevicesC.apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashesD.effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight37.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?A.Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems.B.Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding.C.Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengers'portablecomputers.D.Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference.38.Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevicesbecause_.A.theydon'tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerferenceB.theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeprovedC.mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayersD.theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon39.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonanairplane'scomputers?A.Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane.B.Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith.C.Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeentoproducethesameeffectsinlabs.D.Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch.40.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor_.A.isinfavorofprohibitingpassengers'useofelectronicdevicescompletelyB.hasoverestimatedthedangerofelectromagneticinterferenceC.hasn'tformedhisownopiniononthisproblemD.regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflightPassage3Theriseofmultinationalcorporations(跨国公司),globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.Surprisingly,sincemodernPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld'stopfivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmerican-owned.In1991,onlyonewas.TheBritishinparticulararebecomingoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporate(公司的)planningactivities,comparedtoaboutone-thirdofU.S.companies,ItmaynotbelongbeforeLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanandAsiancounterparts(相对应的人)inknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5percentofBurson-Marshall'sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasaboutthesamepercentageconversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheiremployeesfluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendtokeepaclosereyeoninternationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreetJournal.Overseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalaswellastheFinancialTimesofLondonandTheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadinthiscountry.PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword"foreign"wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.AccordingtoTurner,globalcommunicationshavemadethenationsoftheworldsointerdependentthatthereisnolongeranysuchthingasforeign.41.Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbecause_.A.anunparalleledincreaseinthenumberofpublicrelationscompaniesB.shrinkingculturaldifferencesandnewcommunicationstechnologiesC.thedecreasingnumberofmultinationalcorporationsintheU.S.D.increasedeffortsofothercountriesinpublicrelations42.LondoncouldsoonreplaceNewYorkasthecenterofPRbecause_.A.BritishcompaniesaremoreambitiousthanU.S.companiesB.BritishcompaniesplacemoreimportanceonPRthanU.S.companiesC.BritishcompaniesareheavilyinvolvedinplanningactivitiesD.fouroftheworld'stoppublicrelationsagenciesareBritish-owned43.Theword"provincial"(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans"_"A.limitedinoutlookB.likepeoplefromtheprovincesC.rigidinthinkingD.interestedinworldfinancialaffairs44.WelearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmericanPRindustry_.A.speakatleastoneforeignlanguagefluentlyB.areignorantaboutworldgeographyC.arenotassophisticatedastheirEuropeancounterpartsD.enjoyreadingagreatvarietyofEnglishbusinesspublications45.WhatlessonmightthePRindustrytakefromTedTurnerofCNN?A.AmericanPRcompaniesshouldbemoreinternationally-minded.B.TheAmericanPRindustryshoulddevelopglobalcommunicationstechnologies.C.PeopleworkinginPRshouldbemorefluentinforeignlanguages.D.PeopleinvolvedinPRshouldavoidusingtheword"foreign".Passage4Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.Inthelastfifteenyears,whileexecutiveremunerationrose,taxesinthehighestincomebracketwentdown.Millionairesarenowcommonplace.Amiabilityisnotaprerequisiteforrisingtothetop,andthereareanumberofchiefexecutiveofficerswithlegendarybadtempers.Itisnottheboss'sjobtoworryaboutthewell-beingofhissubordinatesalthoughthemanwithmanyenemieswillbesweptoutmorequicklyinhardtimes;itisthecompanyheworriesaboutHisbusinesssavvyissupposedtobebasedonintimateknowledgeofhiscompanyandtheindustrysohegoeshomenightlywithafullbriefcase.Attheverytop-andonthewayup-executivesareexceedinglydedicated.TheAmericanexecutivemustbecapableofenoughsmalltalktogethimthroughthesocialpartofhisschedule,butheisprobablynotahighlyculturedindividualoranintellectual.Althoughhiswifemaybeontheboardofthesymphonyoropera,hehimselfhaslittletimeforsuchpursuits.Hisreadingmaylargelyconcernbusinessandmanagement,despiteinterestsinotherfields.Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.Thesedays,heprobablyattemptssomeformofaerobicexerciseto"keeptheoldheartinshape"andforthesamereasongoeseasyonbutterandalcohol,andsubstancesthoughttocontributetotakinghighlystressedexecutivesoutoftherunning.Buthisdoctor'sadmonitionto"takeiteasy"fallsondeafears.Helikestowork.Heknowsthereareyoungermennippingathisheels.Corporatehead-hunting,cardedonby"executivesearchfirms",isagrowingindustry.Americahasgreatfaithinindividualtalent,anddynamicandaggressiveexecutivesaresoindemandthatcompaniesregularlyraideachother'smanagerialranks.46.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat_.A.promotiondependsonamiabilityB.chiefexecutivesdonotworkhardenoughatthetoplevelC.itisthedutyofthechiefexecutivetolookafterthewe