2017陕西中考非谓语动词(共6页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上非谓语动词专项一、非谓语动词分类 构成：（to）+动词原形 动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化） 分词 用法（表、补、定、状）二、动名词（一）、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 （二）、动名词的句法功能 功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 I like playing basketball very much. Stamps are used for sending letters. 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语She is in the reading room.We should improve our teaching methods. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）喜欢做某事 花费做某事 忙于做      忍不住做某事 想要做某事 完成做某事 练习做某事 建议做某事 值得做某事 谢谢某人做某 推迟做某事   阻止某人做某事 放弃做某事 盼望做某事 习惯于做某事 相比做，更喜欢做 实战演练选出正确选项并标出在句中的做什么成分或用法1.No one enjoys _ at.A. laughingB. to laughC. being laughedD. to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house_ .A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break inD. from breaking in 3.Where is my passport? I remember_it here.You shouldn't have left it here. Remember_ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to take D. to put；taking4.His room needs _ , so he must have it_.A. painting； painted B. painted； paintingC. painting； painting D. painted； painted 5.She decided to devote herself _the problem of old age.A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study三、动词不定式动词不定时的构成: to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。（一）动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词宾语宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time. 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say? There is nothing to worry about.不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It's very kind of you to help me. It's very clever of you to do like that. 2. 不定式作宾语1）有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如：专心-专注-专业决定做某事 想做某事 计划做某事 未能做某事 迫不及待做某事 下决心做某事 过去常常做某事  请求某人做某事 邀请某人做某事 期待某人做某事 鼓励某人做某事 建议某人做某事 允许某人做某事  提醒某人做某事 2）在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 3）常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do., Why don't you do., had better（not）do., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do.3. 还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。实战演练选出正确选项并标出在句中的做什么成分或用法1. Im thirsty. Will you get me something _? A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating2. Its very kind _ you to _ me _ the heavy bag. A. for; tell; to take B. of; thank; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry3. Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time. A. plays B. to play C. play D. played4. -Do you often hear John _ in his room? -Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room. A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing5. Why not _? A. let him to go home B. to let him go home C. let him go home D. to let him to go home四、分词 (一) 分词的构成：现在分词的基本形式由动词+-ing构成，过去分词由动词+-ed构成。 (二) 分词的句法构成:分词在句中可作定语、状语、表语和补语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree?       The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing. The boy is too frghtened to move.     Dont keep us waiting for a long time. I heard him singing in the classroom.    注意：现在分词作宾补,现在分词与宾语构成主动关系；过去分词作宾补,过去分词与宾语构成被动关系。实战演练1. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out3.The entertainment building _ will be completed next year. A. being built B. built C. be built D. to build五、动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别 1.forget to do sth         forget doing sth   2.remember to do sth     remember doing sth  3.mean to do sth               mean doing sth  4.stop to do sth  ）      stop doing sth  5.try to do sth                 try doing sth  6.go on to do sth        go on doing sth   7.used to do sth                 be used to doing sth   8.need to do sth need doing sth 达标测评一、完形填空Cloze 4 家境贫寒的 Michael Ha “Where there is a will, there is a way.”Perhaps not many students can understand this _ 1 _ than 21-year-old Michael Ha.Because of his story of success, he _ 2 _ an example to many young people. Michael Ha was born in a very poor family.His parents worked in Vietnam before they moved to Britain in 1980.They couldnt find work in Britain _ 3 _ they spoke little English.The whole family had to live on benefits (救济金) and they lived in _ 4 _ small house in Hackney, a poor area in East London. Growing up was not easy for Michael, but he never gave up. _ 5 _ the age of 10, he set his heart on going to Cambridge University.It was not easy,either.Michael studied at a school,which used to 6 _ “the worst school in Britain”However, young Michael made up his mind to try _ 7 _ best, no matter what kind of school he was studying at.The smart boy studied very _ 8 _ and did well in every subject at school.Once he made a bet (打赌) with his friend _ 9 _ further math.As a result,after spending just four months teaching himself from a textbook, he got an A in AS-level further math. Now Michael is the star medical student at St.Johns College, Cambridge and has just won an award for his excellent grades.He hopes 10 he will be an inspiration for other young people from disadvantaged backgrounds. 1. A. good B. better C. bad D. worse 2. A. become B. has become C. became D. becomes 3. A. because B. since C. when D. though 4. A. a B. an C. the D. / 5. A. At B. In C. By D. Through 6. A. called B. be called C. call D. calling 7. A. him B. he C. himself D. his 8. A. hard B. hardly C. harder D. hardest 9. A. to learn B. learning C. learned D. learns 10. A. What B. which C. that D. howCloze 5 起伏不平的路有时也会帮助我们In a far away place, there was a village. The village was _ 1_ in potatoes than anywhere else in the country. At the end of every growing season, _ 2 _ potatoes were dug out of the ground, and readied for market. In each home, men and women would _ 3 _ divide the potatoes into three groups: large, medium and small. One year, there was a young man _ 4 _ received his share of the potatoes. As the other villagers _ 5 _, he walked around the village laughing and talking._ 6 _villagers thought he was lazy, and they worried that this man would never get _ 7 _ potatoes ready in time. When it was time for the villagers _ 8 _ to market, they were greatly surprised to find that the mans potatoes _ 9 _ perfectly into three groups. After asking the man how he did it, they understood he was not lazy, but very clever. He had put all his potatoes in a cart and pulled it along the villages rough dirt road. As the cart moved up and down over the road, the potatoes moved too. The smaller potatoes moved to the bottom, the larger potatoes rose to the top and the medium potatoes rested _ 10 _ the middle. Life is like this too. The rough roads we travel along can also help us. 1. A. rich B. richer C. richest D. more rich2. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of 3. A. busily B. busy C. more busily D. busier 4. A. who B. which C. what D. whose 5. A. work B. was working C. were working D. works6. A. A B. An C. The D. / 7. A. he B. Him C. Himself D. his 8. A. go B. Going C. to go D. went 9. A. are divided B. were divided C. are dividing D. divided 10. A. on B. in C. with D. by二、With, seat, surprise, like, other, try, quick, look, message, wait,Roast(烧烤) is very famous in Brazil. Customers just sit, 1 for waiters to send them all kinds of meat. If you like, you take one; if you dont, the waiters pass you. If you dont give any 2 of stopping, they will go on.One day when I was in Brazil, I went to a restaurant to 3 the roast. After I took my 4 the waiter gave me a sign with the color“red”on one side and“green”on the 5 . I said“Thank you”, then the waiters began to serve me. My plate was already full, but the waiters still kept on serving me more. I thought I had to eat 6 . But to my 7 , the waiters still kept on serving more. Then a waiter found out the reason. He helped me turn the sign over, 8 red outside. When I finished, I found the waiter didnt take a 9 at me. Do you know why? Its just 10 the traffic lights in the street. How wonderful!1. _2. _3. _4. _5_. 6. _7. _8. _9. _10._三、补全对话（一）A: Hello, may I speak to David? B: _.(1)A: Hi, David! This is Lin Tao speaking. B: Hi, Lin Tao . Whats up?A: What are you going to do next Sunday?B: _. (2) Do you have any ideas?A: Shall we go to the zoo? I hear theres a dolphin show there.B: A dolphin show? Good idea! _ ?(3)A: By bike.B: _? (4)A: At half past nine.B: _? (5)A: Lets meet outside the zoo gate.B: All right .See you then.（二） （邀请+约会）A: Hi, Mary. Are you going to visit Beihai Park tomorrow?B: Yes. Well start at 7:50. _ ? (1)A: Id love to. But do you think its going to rain tomorrow?B: _. (2)  Look, there isnt any cloud in the sky.A: I hope it will be fine tomorrow. _ ? (3)B: Not far. Itll take us half an hour. Its only 5 bus stops. A: You mean well go there by bus, is that right?B: Yes. _. (4)A: But Id like to go there by bike. At that time the streets are very busy. Buses cant go faster than bikes.B: I agree with you. Going by bike can save both time and money.A: Yes. _ . (5B: OK. Goodbye. A: Bye-bye.