中考英语复习学案 形容词、副词、冠词和数词.docx

复习三形容词形容词与 介词的词 组搭配形容词与 介词的词 组搭配形容词与 副词三级 比拟形容词、副词用法区别形容词：修饰名词，在句中做定语、表语及宾补。用法副 司：修饰动词及整个句子，作状语。一、形容词1 .作定语形容词作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 与被修饰的名词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的性质差不多，那么音节少的在 前，音节多的靠近名词。rd like a light blue woolen sweater.我想买一件浅蓝色的羊毛衫。He lives in a small German town.他住在德国的一个小镇里。2 .以下情况下形容词作定语要后置。1）形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定式代词时，须放在其后。It's nothing serious.没有什么严重的。Do you have anything important to tell us?你有重要的事情告诉我们吗？2）表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometers long.长城有六千多千米长。3）else只能作后置定语，修饰疑问代词what> who、whom> whose和不定代词something>(10)加在某些形容词前表示一类人，如the poor, the old, the blind.(11)定冠词加姓再加“s”表示一家人，如the Whites, the Greens.(12)专用名词前,如 the Great Wall, the United States.(13)定冠词常用在一些习惯用语中，如all the time, at the moment, by the way.3 .零冠词(1)介词by+交通工具,如by train/bus/underground,但用动词take时要说成take a(an) train/bus/underground.(2) 一日三餐前，如 have breakfast/lunch / dinner。(3)球类运动前，如 play football/basketball.(4)学科名称前，如 We study Chinese, maths, English and so on.(5)日期、节日前，如 June 1 st is Children's Day.(6)月份、星期前，如 in March/October, on Monday/Friday.(7) 在 this, those, my, whose, next, last, some, any, every, each 等词前。(8)称呼、头衔、职务前。(9) 一些固定词组,如 at night, at first, at last, in trouble.数词详解考点归纳1 .基数词变序数词的方法基变序，有规律；词尾要加th； 一二三,特殊记；词尾分别tdd；八去t,九去e； ve 那么以f替；ty那么变作ti；后面还有一个e；耍是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。如，one-first two-second three-third eight-eighth nine-ninthtwelve-twelfth twenty-twentieth twenty-one-twenty-first2 .分数的表达分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子超过1,分母加s.分子和分母中间通常用“， 连接。如，1/3和2/5分别为one-third, two-fifths。注意：1/2,1/4,3/4的特殊表达方式分别为a half, a quarter, three quarterSo含分数的短语作主语时，谓语由分数后的词决定。3 . hundred, thousand 和 million 的用法数词hundred, thousand和million的用法是在单数形式前加基数词表示具体的量，也可以在 其复数形式后加of表示模糊概念，如，hundreds of, thousands of, millions of。4 .日期的表达日期的表达方式为“日月年或月日年”。如,2009年5月1日在英语中可写为“May 1,2009” 或“1 May, 2009”。5 .与数词有关的钟点表达法顺读法(钟点十分钟) 如，4： 30 four thirty4： 15 four fifteen倒读法(分钟+ to/past+钟点) 如，4:30 half past four4:15 fifteen past four/a quarter past four6 .序数词与不定冠词连用序数词与不定冠词(a； an)连用表示“又一，再一“。如，You've done it twice. Why not try a third time?7 .岁数及年代的表达方式1)“人+ be+数字+(years old)”表示"某人多少岁 了“。如，The little girl is eight(years old).这 个小女孩8岁了。2)uone,s age+be+数字”表示“某人的年龄是多少"。如，The little girfs age is eight.3)“几十岁”可用十位数基数词的复数形式，结构为“in one,s.s,o如(be) in one's teens十 几岁；(be) in one*s twenties / thirties/forties/二十多岁/三十多岁/四十多岁.， 4)“in the 1970s”这种结构用于表达世纪和年代，意为“20世纪70年代”，指1970到1979 这段时间。如果只想表达年代，可直接用“in the seventies”表示“在70年代，习题巩固1. Alice wrote article on the educational visit to France last night.A. a; theB. an; theC. the; the D. an;/2. These seats are for old. You may take the seats over there.A. theB. aC. anD. /3. The Olympic Opening Ceremony (仪式)is international event and the whole world iswatching!A. aB. anC. theD. /4. The young man is teacher. He likes playing football.A. a; theB. an; /C. a; /D. an; the5. young man beside me is university student.A. A; aB. An; /C. The; an D. The; a6. 一 Do you have MP3 player?一 Yes, I have one.A. theB. aC. anD. /7. Attention, please! There is nhn in the word “exhibition”.A. aB. anC. theD. /8. In front of our housing estate, there is one-way street.A. anB. aC. /D. the9. Don't talk to Simon like that. After all, he is only eleven-year-old boy.A. AB. anC. the D. /10. The film “Kung Fu Dunk" is exciting one and Jay Chou is leading actor.A. a; theB. an; theC. the; aD. an; a冠词21. Little Tom goes to school early every day. He studies hard at school.A. /B. theC. hisD. a2. Would you please help me pick up umbrella on the floor?A. aB. anC. theD. /3. Do you know lady in blue?-Yes, she is a teacher of a university.A. aB. anC.theD./4. There is international school near the new housing estate.A. anB. aC. theD. /5. Elaine always tells us that studying in Australia was important experience in her life.A. aB. anC. theD. /6. There will be exhibition in that museum next week.A. theB. /C. anD. a7. The young kid has learnt to make bed by himself.A. aB. anC. theD. 8. The story happened in European country.A. aB. anC. theD. /9. Shopping online is useful and convenient way for us to buy things.A aB anC theD /10. Southwold, a seaside town in England, has history of more than thirteen centuries.A. /B. aC. anD. the11. My brother studies in university and he knows a lot about the earth.A. aB. anC. theD. 12. Ben studied the menu for while and then ordered his meal.A. aB. anC. theD. /13. To be artist in the future, you need more practice.A. aB. anC. theD. /14. My uncle is university teacher. He is loved by all his students.A. aB anC theD /数词1. It is.said that two students are going to hare the Listening Contest this weekend.A. thousandB. thousandsC. thousand ofD. thousands of2. Dr. Sitwell took up the project on water pollution with several assistants in her.A. sixtyB. sixtiesC. sixtiethD. sixtieths3.of the students in that class usually have lunch at school.A. The fourteenB. The fourteenth C. FourteenthD. Fourteen4. people lined at the gate to meet Jeremy Lin, the popular basketball player in NBA.A thousandsB thousandC thousands ofD Thousand of5. The war in that country left people homeless.A. thousandB. thousandsC. thousand ofD. thousands of6. There are about two students in the newly built school.A thousandB thousandsC thousand ofD thousands ofanything > nothing > somebody > anybody > nobody 等。Did anyone else come with James?有别的人和詹姆斯一起来吗？ 4）形容词短语作定语，必须放在被修饰的名词之后。All the villagers, old and young, turned out to welcome the visitors.所有村民，年老的和年轻的，全部出来欢迎参观者。只能作表语的形容词afraid, alone, asleep, awake, alive, well, ill, frightenedHe9s well.不可说 He's a well man.形容词做表语，构成系表结构，尤其注意感官系动词+形容词的结构。常考系动词见下表:be动词am, is, are, was, were, has/have/had been感官类look, smell, taste, sound, feel变化类get worse / turn redder / go bad / grow old / become angry不变类keep / stay （keep healthy 二 stay healthy ）只能作定语的形容词little ,only, wooden, woolen, elder 等以及复合形容词 English-speaking, glass-stopped, kind-hearted, man-made, take-away 等也只能作定语。He is a little boy.但不可说 Thy boy is little.Father Christmas is a kind-hearted man.圣诞老人是一个心地善良的人。貌似副词的形容词lonely（单独的）,friendly（友好的），lively（生动的），lovely（可爱的）副词几组副词用法辨析very与much表示“很”，“非常”。very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比拟级，修饰动词要用 much 或 very much.She said she was much better than before.她说她比过去好多 了。I like English very much.我非常喜欢英语。2. so与such表示“如此”，“这么”，“那么”so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，但名词前可以有形容词定语。I can't be here so early.我不能这么早到这儿。I've never seen such fine drawings.我从未见过如此精美的图画。1） so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数可数名词，其结构是so + adj. + a/an + n.试比拟：She is so good a girl.She is such a good girl3）如果可数名词复数前有many, few或不可数名词前有much, little等表示数量多少的形容词 时，用so而不用such。I'm afraid that he'll forget it if he misses so many lessons.我担忧的是，如果他耽误这么多的课程他会忘掉的。Miss Zhao got so little money a month.赵老师每月只领这么少的钱。4） “so +助动词+主语”表示前面的陈述也适用于后者，意为“也一样”。一People in England eat a lot of potatoes.So do we.3. too, also 与 either 表示“也（不）We also have eleven players in a team.注意，too有时也用于否认疑问句中，但表示肯定语气。Can't you see Fve got teeth, too?ago与before,表示“在以前”ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”, before指在过去或将来的某时刻“以前”或泛指“以前”。一When did you have a meeting ?一Three days ago.Mr Smith said that John had told him all about his past three weeks before.sometime, sometimes 与 some timesometime表示将来或过去的"某个时候"sometimes指“有时候”;some time那么指“一段时间”。New students will come to our school sometime next week.They call me Lily sometimes.already, yet 与 still 表示“已经”等。注意already有时用于疑问句，表示出乎意料，惊讶等。Have you finished already?（我以为你没有做完，表示出乎意料）Well, have you forgotten already? Two weeks ago, it had a baby.三、形容词的比拟等级的用法1.形容词的比拟级和最高级的变化方法如下:1）符合规那么的:情 况力口 法例 词一般情况直接加-er ; -esttall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词加-r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+歹结尾的词变y为i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driest heavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和局部双音节单词在词前加more ; mostmore delicious most delicious2）几个不规那么的形容词和副词的比拟级和最高级如下表:原级比拟级最高级good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest形容词和副词比拟级的用法级别比拟程度表达方式和意义例句备注ri目定As+原级+asArt is as interesting as music.原同形（像一样）Play as well as you can.等式程否English is not so difficult as级度定not + so (as) + 原级+asscience.形（不如那样）She does not study so well as式I do.比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比拟级+than （比）Jim is older than Lucky.I like pork better than beef.比拟级前可 以加much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit 等程度加深比拟级+and+比拟级（越来越）The +比拟级，the +比拟级（越，越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better. The more books she reads, the better she understand.最 高 级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略3.比拟级用法A原级的用法1）“甲+谓语动词+as+原级+ as +乙”表示甲乙两者程度相同。I think foreign languages are as difficult as science subjects.我想外语和理科一样难学。2）“甲+谓语动词+ not + as/so +原级+ as +乙"表示"甲不如乙”。Luckily the weather was not so wet as it today.幸运的是天气不象今天这样潮湿。3）“甲+谓语动词+ less +原级+as+乙”表示"甲不比乙”I think music is less important than Chinese.我不认为数学比语文重要。B比拟级表示两者之间的比拟，常用句型结构有：1）“甲+谓语动词+比拟级+ than +乙、表示“甲比乙.Han Meimei cake is bigger than Lily's.韩梅梅的蛋糕比莉莉大。比拟级前可用much, even, still, a bit, a little等加强语气。It's much better than having class.比上课好玩多 了。2）“甲十谓语动词十比拟级十than十any other十单数名词（介词短语）“，表示“甲比任何一个 人/物都.”,含义是“甲最.Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.上海比中国任何城市都大。3）“甲+谓语动词+ the +比拟级+ of the two +”表示“两者中较的”。Tom is the taller of the two （brothers）.汤姆是他兄弟俩人中较高的一个。4)“比拟级+and+比拟级”表示“越来越C最高级用于三者以上的比拟，表示在某一范围内或某类人或物中“最”，常用句型结 构有：1)“主语+谓语动词+ the +最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”，Huanghe is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二大长河。2)“主语+谓语动词+ one of the +最高级+复数名词+ in / of短语”表示”是最之一。”The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 3)“特殊疑问词+谓语动词+the+最高级，+甲，乙，or丙？ ”用于三者以上的比拟。Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?太阳、月亮和地球哪一个最大？四、形容词变副词一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如：quick一quickly, slow一slowly, loud一loudly, sudden-suddenly等。但是，以下几点值得注意：1 . 一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，要把y改为i再加-ly。例如：happy-happily, angry-angrily, lucky-luckily, heavy-heavily, noisy-noisily 等。2 .有些以-ble 或-le 结尾的形容词，去掉 e 加-y。例如：possible-possibly, terrible-terribly 等。3 .少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：truetruly等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite-politely, wide-widely等。 4.以-1结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly,而不是只加-y。除非是以-11结尾的才 在词尾只加-y。例如：usualusually, carefulcarefully, usefulusefully, fullfully 等。重要句型：“t，s + adj. + of + sb +不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样工这一句型中常用形容词 good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等来说明“人”怎么样。Ifs kind of you to help me .你帮助我太好了。"It's + adj. + for + sb. +不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。常用形容词有difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible 等来说明"事物"怎么样。 It is impossible for us to answer the question.我们不可能回答这个问题。表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad, pleased, sorry, sad, thankful等常接不定式。I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready（乐意的,有准备的）,able（有能力的），sure（一定）, certain（一定）等常接不定式。Comrade Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋同志总是乐意帮助别人。“be sure/ certain +不定式"表示“说话人的看法，"而"be sure/ certain + that从句”那么表示 自己的看法。试比拟：Tom is sure /certain to come.（别人的看法）Tom is sure/certain that he will come.（本人的看法）表示判断的形容词right, wrong, good, nice, terrible, wonderful, surprising, interesting, lucky, strange, important, necessary 等可用于“It is + adj. + fbr sb + 不定式"或"It is + adj. + that 从句”两种句型中。It's necessary for us to make it clear.It's necessary that we make it clear.【基础训练】（一）Jane looks so today because she has got an "A" in her math test.A. happy B happilyC. angryD. angrilyIs the physics problem?一Yes. I can work it out.A. easy; easilyB. easy; easy C. easily; easy D. easily; easilyEveiything is at night markets. You don't need a lot of money to have a good time.A. cheapB. badC. tiredD. dearHe is looking for a secondhand car. "a secondhand car“ means.A. a used carB. a new carC. a broken carD. two cars1. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes. She isA. careB. carefulC. CarefullyD. careless2. How do you like the new film?A. Very kind B. Very delicious C. Very lucky D. Very interesting一The coat is too expensive.Don't worry. Here's another one. It's nice and, I think.A. cheapB. dearC. beautiful D. brightWhy don't you ask Tom to do it?一I don't know whether he is to. He sometimes makes things worse.A. possibleB. ableC. afraidD. easyHello, Mr. Green! I want to see you right now. Can you come as as possible?A. ManyB. lateC. muchD. soonWater will be turned into ice in weather.A. freezeB. frozeC. freezingD. frozenA. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensiveNow the air in our hometown is than it was before. Something must be done.A. much better B. more worse C. more better D. much worseIt's good for your health to do sports.A. much B. least C. more D. Most冠词冠词分为两类：不定冠词a (an)和定冠词the。1 .不定冠词a (an)的用法(1)泛指表示“一个“，a用在以辅音读音开头的单词前，an用在以元音读音开头的单词前。注意：有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头，但读音以辅音开头，要用冠词a,如university, uniform, useful, useless,European, one等。而有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但读音以元音开头，要用冠词an,如 hour, honest 等。26个字母中有12个字母(a, e, f, h, i, 1, m, n, o,4s, x)的读音以元音开头，要用冠词an。(2)不定冠词常用在一些习惯用语中,如 have a good time, go for a swim, in a hurry, take an active part in 等。2 .定冠词the的用法(1)特指，如 The boy in blue is my brother.(2) 前指， 如 This is a photo of a school. The school is very beautiful. I have studied in the school for 3 years.(3)谈话双方共指，如 Excuse me. Where is the No.l bus stop?(4)用在宇宙中独一无二的事物前，如The sun is shining brightly.(5)用在形容词最高级前,如 Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.(6)用在方位前. 如 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(7)用在序数词前，如 Our classroom is on the second floor.(8)用在乐器前,如 I can play the piano.(9)用在江河、海洋、山脉前，如 The Yellow River is the second longest river in our country.1. Hai Nan is a very large island. It1 2 3 4 5 6 7 * 9s the second island in China.A. largeB. largerC. largestD. most large2. A horse is than a dog.A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. the heaviest3. 一 The TV programmer is boring. Shall we play chess instead?一 All right. That is than watching a boring programmer.A. very good B. much good C. very better D. much better4. This second-hand camera is much than that new one.A. cheapB. cheaperC. dearD. dearest5. 一I will give you some nice picture books.一Good. The, theA. more; better B. many; betterC.most; bestD. much; better6. 一Which is season in Beijing?一I think it's autumn.A. goodB. betterC.bestD.the best7. They have just cleaned the windows, so the room looks.A. more brighter B. more brightC. less brightD. much bright