Unit 1 Science and Scientists 同步练习--高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册.docx

【人教版2019选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists【课前检查】语法填空A"Travelling to China seems like travelling to another world. Its many famous scenic attractions impressed me 1.(great),“an American said. The following is 2. he wrote on his website.My friends and I had a family visit in Xi'an, 3.old city with a long history in China. The hosts were retired or stayed at home without a job, and they were friendly to 4.(visit) from different countries coming their homes.We 5.(taste) the true home-cooked dishes in the home of the family that we visited. For inhoming dinner, the host would prepare a list of menus in advance (提前).Our tour guide asked 6.(we) for advice about the food, so the host would try to cook what we wanted 7.(eat) at his home. We just enjoyed the locally cooked dishes. It was quite a different and exciting experience.Many foreigners enjoy 8.(learn) how to make Chinese dumplings. We were also 9.(offer) a general cooking class in the local family. The host taught us to make dumplings step by step with lots of patience. And we didn't need to pay any money 10.this. Travel China Guide offers this kind of service free of charge.The family visit in Xi'an was a good chance for us to get to know Chinese people's daily life. Keys:【文章大意】记叙文，主要表达了一位美国游客和他的朋友在西安旅游时的感受。他 们住在当地人的家中，感受了中国的饮食文化。1.greatly 2.what 3.an 4.visitors 5.tasted6.us 7.to eat 8.1earning 9.offered lO.forBOn Monday, Nevada bus driver, Mike Blair, handed an elderly man a bottle of cool water from his lunchbox after he 36.(acute) noticed signs of dehydration(月兑水). “It was terribly hot out there,Blair recalled. "Seeing this gentleman 37.(suffer) in the fierce heat, I decided to help. "After Blair assisted him in getting on the bus, he 38.(seat) the man next to the air conditioner before reaching into his lunchbox 39.a bottle of cool water. It only took ten minutes for the man 40.(recover). As he was getting off the bus, the 41.(strange) expressed thanks to Blair, adding that he was 92 years old.Another passenger took a picture of the moment and posted 42.online. As the post 43.(share) far and wide, it gained lots of attention on social media. Within hours, the post received over 60, 000 44.(like).Blair said 45.he did was nothing special. "We are all brothers and sisters. I thinkMany families because of a lack of money(3) It is important for us to the old traditional ideas.(4) She had been waiting for Simon to the barrier between themKeys: (1) broke out (2) break in (3) break up (4) break away from (5) break down4. in charge of 主管；掌管原句复现】 He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developingChina's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的 欢迎，不仅负责开展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。【归纳拓展】take charge of掌管/负责in charge of控制/管理free of charge 免费in sb/s charge = in the charge of sb.由主管(含被动意义)即学即练：(1) 1111 be (负责)the whole factory next week when the director is away.(2) I will (负责)the whole research.Keys: (l)in charge of (2)take charge ofcome down with 患(病)；染上(小病)【归纳拓展】come about发生；产生come across偶然发现;偶然遇见come up走近；走到跟前；被提及come up with想出，提出(计划、想法等)come out(书或光盘)出版，发行；(事实)暴露，披露，显露come to life恢复知觉；苏醒即学即练：(1)他得了流感病倒了。(2)随着电的使用，种种大变化发生了。(3)我一生中从没有经历过这样的事情。(4)有几位成员提出了自己的建议。Keys: (1) He had come down with the flu.(2) With the use of electricity, great changes have come about.(3) I've never come across such an experience in my time.(4) Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their ownin time及时；终于；迟早【原句复现】In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when shegave birth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。【归纳拓展】in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。in time作“及时”讲时,后常跟for sth.或to do sth.【词汇拓展】time相关短语荟萃:from time to time 有时；偶尔at a timein no timeat a timein no time每次立刻；马上at the same time 同时at one timeat one time一度；从前at no time绝不（置于句首时，句子常用局部倒装语序）即学即练：(1)只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。(2)我们每个人偶尔都会渴望有点变化。(3)孩子们很快就要离开家了。Keys: (1) You will succeed in time as long as you don't give up.(2) From time to time we all get a hankering for something a little different.(3) The kids will be leaving home in no time.单元重点词性转换think v.思考；认为f thinking n.思想；思维；见解f thinker n.思想家find v.发现；找到f finding n.发现；调查结果；（法律）判决solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的f solidly adv,坚固地；结实地subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购;定期交纳（会费）-subscriber n.（报刊的）订阅人，订购 者；（慈善机关等的）定期捐款者一 substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的一 substantially adv.大量地,可观地statistic n. pl.统计数字；统计资料；统计学statistical adj.统计的；统计学的一 statistically adv.统计地；统计上地infect vt.使感染；传染 -infection n.感染；传染 -infectious adj.传染性的，感染的proof n.证据；证明；检验 f prove v.证明；检验vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的一vividly adv.生动地brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的f brilliantly adv.光彩夺目地；出色地；高明地gift n.天赋；天才；才能f gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪明的astronomy n. 天文学 f astronomer n. 天文学家transform vt,使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 f transformation n.改观，转变 defend vt.保卫；防守；辩白f defence n.防御；保护；保卫f defender n.保护人；防 御者重点句型1. “特殊疑问词+不定式”结构【原句复现】 As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treatcholera.作为一名年轻的医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。 句式分析：句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构，作动词knew 的宾语。【归纳拓展】(1)常见的特殊疑问词:疑问代词who, what, which等和疑问副词how, when, where等。 (2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主 语时，谓语动词常用单数)。(3)通常用在 tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, discuss 等动词后面的特殊疑问 代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。即学即练：(1)没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。(2)我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。Keys: (1) No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease. (2) I don*t quite know what to say in answer to your question.2. “否认词+比拟级”表示最高级【原句复现】Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than QianXuesen .也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。句式分析：句中nogreaterthan为“否认词+形容词/副词比拟级+ than”结构，表示最高 级。【归纳拓展】表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：never +比拟级nothing/no+so + 原级 + as nothing/no+ 比拟级 + than. .即学即练：(1) Unfortunately, the technology of climate change is no simpler anything else.(2)What a wonderful novel! .多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。Keys: than (2) I have never read a more moving one语法一一表语从句任务1:概念在句子中担当表语的从句就是表语从句。通常位于连系动词之后。任务2：引导词. 附属连词 whether, as, as if/thoughThe question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.问题是敌人是否向我们进军。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。1 .附属连词 because, whyThat's because the price of raw materials has gone up.那是因为原材料的价格上涨了。(强调原 因)That's why he got angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。(强调结果)名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because03. 连接彳弋词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whicheverHe has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他 已经成为他十年前想成为的样子。The rule is whoever fails to do the work well will be Gred.这里的规定是不管没有做好工作的是谁都得被开除。4. 连接副词 where, when, how, whyThe problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it.去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放它的地方。5. 附属连词thatThe trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2019 江苏高考)The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brainscompared with other animals.人类的第一个独特特征是，与其他动物相比，人类的大脑特别大。任务3：考前须知.表语从句一定要用陈述语序The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.(x)The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.( V)问题是他什么时候能到旅馆。1 .不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(as if例外)All she's worried about is if he is all right. (x)All she's worried about is whether he is all right. ( V)她所担忧的只是他是否安然无恙。2 .表语从句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致It seems as if he didn't know the answe匚好像他不知道 KeysoThe question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.问题是明天谁和我一起去北京。3 . that在表语从句中不可以省掉What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成 分，不能省略)即学即练:单句语法填空(2019 浙江高考)One thing to remember is it's the process not the end product thatmatters.That is stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.(3)The question, pure and simple, is you will support me.She has remained I stood yesterday for an hour.The question is why he（cry） yesterday.Keys: that why whether where cried（2）单句写作问题是我们缺钱。那就是我想要对你讲的。看来他的意图是好的。他今天好像不怎么舒服。他好像已经明白了这个问题。Keys:The trouble is that we are short of money.That is what I want to tell you.It would appear that his intention was good.It seems that he is not quite himselftoday.It looked as if he had understood this question.【查漏补缺】I.根据汉语和首字母填单词或短语1. The advice I received was often（相互矛盾的）.2. （2019北京高考）In a world that warms up by 3 , it found that（多种多样的） changes to the colourof the oceans would occur.3. I C怀疑）he was lying by the boy's abnormal behaviour.4. （2019浙江高考）However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had（处理） the call.5. （病菌）are easily passed from person to person.6. The Prime Minister came under s criticism for his handling of the crisis.7. There is no p that the knife belonged to her.8. . I grew up as part of a large h.9. This information is only r data and will need further analysis.10. According to official s the disease killed over 500 people.Keys: 1. contradictory 2. multiple 3. suspect 4. handled 5. Germssevere 7. proof 8. household 9. raw 10. statisticsII.单句语法填空.Give the bottle a couple of shakes before（pour） the juice.1 .We are determined（defend） our motherland at all costs.2 .Klan called his（assist）, Hasher, to take over his duties while he went out.3 .Early(astronomer) thought that our planet was the centre of the universe.4 .He stopped,(shift) his cane to his left hand.5 .He came with illness last night and is still under emergency treatment.6 .Someone must be put charge of writing down all the ideas.8 .Fires broke everywhere, the entire city went up in flames.9 .The characters in the book are(vivid) presented.10.1 was disappointed whenever the cook found fault me.Keys： l.pouring 2. to defend 3.assistant 4.astronomers 5.shifting 6.down 7.in 8. out 9.vividlylO.within .语法练习-表语从句.He got caught in the heavy traffic. That was he was late.1 .Energy is makes things work.2 .We didn't set out; it was we wanted to wait until our mother came back.3 .The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust,suspect; blame; subscribe; decrease; link; handle; pour; transform; outstanding; defend4 .A ship in harbor is safe, but that*s not ships are built for.5 .The trouble is I can*t find my way.6 .What he wants to know is we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.7 .The reason why I was sad was he didn't understand me.8 .That is we are looking forward to.9 .He is no longer he was.Keys： Lwhy 2. what 3.because 4.that 5. what 6.that 7.whether 8.that 9.what lO.what【梳理优化】。思维毋图-慨念/在句子中把H诳的从句就是混诳从句从"违Wwhrthrr, 4 a 1(/ 1卜岬卜附属连i司|wauk»h）ft It ( vOnhn, whom. uhnw'. wlvil. which, whnrvrr, nhalrvrr. whirhrvrr一 wv词连排副词,hrrr. when, hern, whv附属逢司th.我通从句一定要用陈述语序我讲从句不可以川if面川.hHhrt连接我遭从句（gif例外）代谢从甸中.主句时态和从句时£可以仁 致【强化巩固】I.选词填空suspect； blame； subscribe； decrease； link； handle； pour； transform； outstanding； defendto a morning paper.2.We all the truth of the report.3.My brother broke the window, but I got the.4,Do you know how to the machine?5.1s there a between lung disease and smoking?6 .The unemployment rate of the country ast year.7 .A new colour scheme will your bedroom.8 .Andy the glass full and lifted it to Bobby.9 .The accused man had a lawyer to him.10 .Her late husband was an scientist.Keys： l.subscribed 2.suspect 3.blame 4.handle 5.1ink 6.decreased 7.transform 8.poured9.defend lO.outstandingIL单句写作1.简再也不是十年前的那个样子了。Jane is no longer ten years ago.2.我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表我自己观点的原因。I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and that's3 .问题是他们是否能帮我们。The question is.4 .那是因为他没有理解我。That was.5 .事实就是我们队已经赢得了比赛。The fact is.Keys： l.what she was 2.why I'm writing to voice my opinion.whether they will be able to help us 4.because he didn't understand me6 .that our team has won the gameIII.单句语法填空1. When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and(frustrate).2. He criticized everybody who didn't subscribe his views.3. The police suspect him carrying out two bomb attacks.4. We would resist any armed(intervene) from outside in our country*s affairs.5. His(think) on social issues has changed considerably over the years.6. He was afraid of being attacked by Liu Bei and Sun Quan, so he sent a troop to (defence) Jingzhou.7. She's come with a headache and a bad cough so she can't go out with me tonight.8. I've learned a lot over the years and developed my(lead) qualities.9. Besides(make) phone call, you can take photographs.10. I hate him, all, his way to people.Keys: 1. frustrated 2. to 3 of 4.intervention 5. thinking 6. defend 7. down 8. leadership9.makinglO.above【课后练习】I.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Many scientists believe our love of sugar may 1.(actual) be an addiction.When we eat or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain 2.make us feel good. Then the good feeling goes away, 3.(leave) us wanting more. All tasty foods do this, but sugar has a articularly strong effect. In this way, 4.is in fact an addictive drug, one that doctors recommend we all cut down on.“It seems like every time I study 5.illness and trace a path to the first cause, Ifind my way back to sugar,“ says scientist Richard Johnson. One-third of adults worldwide have high blood pressure, and up 6.347 million have diabetes(糖尿病).Why? u Sugar, we believe, is one of the 7.(reason), if not the major one；' says Johnson.Our bodies 8.(design) to survive on very little sugar. Early humans often had very little food.In this way, we had energy stored for when there was no food. 9.today, most people have more than enough. So the very thing that once 10.(save) us may now be killingKeys: 1. actually 2. that/which 3. leaving 4. it 5. an 6. to 7. reasons 8. are designed 9. But 10.savedII.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。Could your body replace mobile-device batteries? Researchers have developed a way to create the power equivalent (相当于)of two double-A batteries, using nothing more than motion of the human body.1.The energy is captured and used by nano generators(纳米发电机), according to a team of scientists from Georgia Institute of Technology. This research, presented at a meeting of the American Chemical Society, demonstrated how a small, flexible chip containing millions of tiny wires500 times thinner than a human hair_could use the human heart to create electrical energy. 2.Any kind of bodily movement could theoretically be used to generate power, and nano wires can also generate electricity in response to wind, rolling tires, or other kinds of motion. 3.But these most recent findings do signal a breakthrough. Researchers are convinced the technology has a future. "A few volts may not seem like much. 4.