高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案).pdf

高考英语阅读理解真题汇编高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Mexico sites on an island plateau(高原)surrounded by volcanic peaks,which makes air qualitya constant concern for people who live there.In April,the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporaryban on private and Federal vehicles in the city.The rule forbids people from driving in the cityone day each week and one Saturday each month.Electric vehicles,government service vehicles,public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban.Mexico City isnt the first urban center to be involved in car-free living.But the ban is morethan an awareness-raiser.It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution.In March,thecity sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark.The cityordered some 1.1m of the areas 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subwayrides.Mexico Citys temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban airquality.India,whose citizens breathe some of the worlds dirtiest air,has tried a variety ofsolutions.Earlier this year,the Indian government started a 4%sales tax on new-car purchases.Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air.The city introduced alternate-day rules inadvance of the 2008 Olympic Games,which produced good results.And then there is the Londoncongestion(拥挤)charge,introduced in 2003.The charge has had a measurable effect on airquality.For now,Mexico City named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in1992 can look forward to the start of the regions rainy season,when daily showers will help loclean the air.（1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city?A.By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week.B.By forbidding private andpublic vehicles every Saturday.C.By limiting the number of new cars.D.By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles?A.Raised the number of public vehicles.B.Offered free bus and subway rides.C.Introduced more travel options.D.Encouraged citizens to leave the city.（3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico?A.Alternate-day rules.B.Tax rises.C.Congestion charge.D.The rainy season.（4）Whats the best title for the passage?A.Mexicoan Island Plateau B.A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in MexicoC.Should Cities Be Car-free ZonesD.How to Improve Air Quality【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，墨西哥墨西哥政府为了提高空气质量，在实施车辆禁令时提供免费巴士和地铁。他们希望城市应该是无车区。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In April,the country took a decisive step toward improvingair quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city.The ruleforbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month.”可知，墨西哥是通过每周有一天禁止私人和联邦车辆来禁止车辆进入城市的。故选A。(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The city ordered some 1.1m of the areas 4.7m cars off thestreets and also offered free bus and subway rides.”可知，墨西哥政府在实施车辆禁令时提供免费巴士和地铁。故选 B。(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段最中的“The charge has had a measurable effect on airquality.”可知，拥挤费有助于改善墨西哥的空气质量。故选D。(4)考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“For now,Mexico City named by the United Nations asthe most polluted city on the planet in 1992 can look forward to the start of the regions rainyseason,when daily showers will help lo clean the air.”可知，城市应该是无车区。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。2阅读理解Whether you are a national or an international student,we welcome you to MiddletownUniversity.Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic andvocational(职业的)subjects.As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face-to-face learning,we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.What do they cost?Costs for our coursers vary considerably.Click on each departments homepage for moreinformation.Scholarships and bursaries an available for certain courses,particularly for those inthe sciences and education.SAMPLE COURSE OVERVIEW BA in English Language and Literature The main purpose of this course is to develop your ability to describe,analyze and manipulatefeatures of the English language,and to see how these are expressed in literature.As well astaking core modules which cover these areas,students will be able to specialize in their fields ofinterest.Duration:three-year course Course:Choose 12 out of 20 modules.Weekly timetable:eight hours of lectures/four hours of seminars Assessment:essays,exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year Requirements:academic experience and interest in the subject;good school-exam grades Diploma in teaching In the first term,you will learn about the theory of teaching and how to be an effective teacher.In the second term,you will also begin teaching in a school.The third term is completely practical.Duration:one-year course Course:Choose six out of ten modules(three are compulsory).Weekly timetable:six hours of lectures/two hours of seminars/six hours of classroom teaching Assessment:combination of essays and classroom observation Requirement:first degree in specific subject area（1）What is Middletown University famous for?A.Academic and vocational education.B.Traditional teaching methods.C.Distance-learning courses.D.Face-to-face communication.（2）What do the two sample courses have in common?A.They both last for three years.B.They both require students to hand in essays.C.They both offer total freedom to choose modules.D.They both favor students with interest in the subject.（3）What is the main purpose of the text?A.To advertise certain online courses.B.To stress the need for distance learning.C.To introduce distance-learning techniques.D.To suggest a way of pursuing further education.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，一所大学就该校最近开设的在线课程就行了简单的介绍，包括课程目的，时长，评价，要求等。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Our reputation is built on providing high-qualityeducation in both academic and vocational(职业的)subjects.“可知，这所大学因为在学术和职业课程上提供高质量的教学而获得名誉，即它以高质量的学术和职业教学而出名。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据 BA in English Language and Literature 部分中的”Assessment:essays,exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year“和 Diploma in teaching部分中的”Assessment:combination of essays and classroom observation“可知这两门课程的共同点是都需要提交文章。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”As well as priding ou rselves on our traditional face-to-face learning,we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.“我们在提供传功课程的同时也提供了大量的在线课程，以及下文所叙述的两种课程的课程内容，时长，评价和要求等，可推测本文的主要目的是为一些在线课程打广告。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解WISH YOU WERE MORE CREATIVE?I want to ask you a favor.I have a pair of pants.Tell me:How many different ways can I put apair of pants to use?Now imagine youre an architect.Same question.Now imagine youre BillGates.A scuba diver.A medieval knight.You still have the pants.What alternative uses come tomind?What you just practiced-the conscious act of wearing another self-is an exercise that,according to psychiatrist SriniPillay,MD,is essential to being creative.One great irony(讽刺)about our collective addiction to creativity is that we tend to frame it inuncreative ways.That is to say,most of us marry creativity to our concept of self:Either werecreative or we arent,without much of a middle ground.Im just not a creative person!adiscouraged student might say in art class,while another might blame her talent at painting forher difficulties in math,making a comment Im very right-brained.Dr.Pillay,an assistant professor at Harvard University,has spent years overturning these ideas.He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped(陈词滥调的)advice that urges you to believe in yourself.In fact,you should do the opposite:Believe you are someone else.He points to a study showing the impact of stereotype on ones behavior.The authors,psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar,divided their college student subjects into twogroups,instructing one group to think of themselves as eccentric poets and the other toimagine they were rigid librarians.The researchers then presented them all with ordinaryobjects,including a fork,a carrot,and a pair of pants,and asked them to come up with as manydifferent uses as possible for each one.The former group came up with the widest range of ideas,whereas the latter had the fewest.These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a product of contextand perspective.Everyone can be creative,as long as he or she feels like a creative person.Dr.Pillays work takes this a step further:He argues that simply identifying yourself as creativeis less powerful than taking the brave,creative step of imagining you are somebody else.Thisexercise,which he calls psychological Halloweenism,refers to the conscious action of wearinganother self.An actor may employ this technique to get into character,but anyone can use it.According to Dr.Pillay,it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus,a collection of brainregions that spring into action when youre not focused on a specific task or thought.Mostpeople spend nearly half of their days in a state of unfocus.This doesnt make us lazy;it makesus human.Imagining yourself in a new situation,or an entirely new identity,never felt so productive.Youre making yourself more creative,and youre giving yourself permission to do somethingyoud otherwise feel guilty about.（1）Whats the function of the questions in paragraph 1?A.To lead in the topic.B.To make a comparison.C.To state an opinion.D.To ask a favor.（2）The study led by Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar provesA.creativity is an individual characteristic B.librarians are more creative than poetsC.ordinary objects can improve creativityD.your creativity is determined by yourself（3）According to Dr.Pillay,Halloweenism works because .A.it is an act of unconscious focus B.certain brain areas begin to act togetherC.people are in a state of laziness D.all actors employ this technique（4）If you want to be more creative,you are supposed to .A.focus on a specific task B.believe in your own talentC.pretend to be someone elseD.turn to be right-brained【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了一种心理学理念-心理角色扮演：遇见更有创造力的自己。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用法?并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题；再根据第二段”What you just practiced-the conscious act of wearing another self-is an exercise thatis essential to being creative.“可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的-有意识地穿戴另一个自我的行为-是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的创造力话题，故选 A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段”These results suggest that creativity is not an individualcharacteristic but aproduct of context and perspective.Everyone can be creative,as long as heor she feels like a creative person.“可知 Denis Dumas 和 Kevin Dunbar 的研究结果表明创造力不是个体特征，而是环境和视角的产物。每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己是一个有创造力的人。也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的”According to Dr.Pillay,it works because it is an act ofconscious unfocus,a collection of brain regions that spring into action when youre not focusedon a specific task or thought.“可知据皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就起作用。这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工作，故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”He believes that the key to unlocking your creativepotential is to challenge the stereotyped(陈词滥调的)advice that urges you to believe inyourself.In fact,you should do the opposite:Believe you are someone else.“可知想象自己处在一个新的环境中，或者是一个全新的身份，你会感到从未有过的高效，你让自己更有创造力。由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话，要想象自己有一个全新的身份，也就是把自己想象成另外一个人。故选 C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 Everybody,at some point in their lives,has experienced failure.It could be something as simpleas not getting the job you wanted,or getting fewer marks even after hard work.But what makesyou is not your failure,but how you get back up after being hit.Once,a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that hewould not live.His mother was told that he was sure to die,for the terrible fire had destroyed thelower half of his body.Even if he were to survive,he would be lame throughout his life.But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame.Much to the amazement ofthe doctor,he did survive.But unfortunately from his waist down,he had no motor ability.Histhin legs just hung there,lifeless.Eventually he left the hospital.But his determination to walkwas unshakable.At home,when he was not in bed,he had to stay in a wheelchair.One day,hethrew himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass,dragging his legs behind him.Hereached the fence,raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence,firmlydetermined.He did this every day,with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided.With his iron determination,he did develop the ability to stand up,then to walk on and off,thento walk by himself and then to run.He began to walk to school,and then run to school,to run for the joy of running.Later incollege he was on the track team.In February 1934,in New York Citys Madison Square Garden,this young man who was notexpected to survive,who would surely never walk,who could never hope to run-this determinedyoung man,Dr.Glenn Cunningham,ran the worlds fastest mile.A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in ones self,Glenn Cunninghamcontinues to be an inspiration for many,and his story,a brilliant evidence to how one can bounceback even when all difficulties are piled against one,to the degree that death seemed thepreferable option.（1）The first paragraph is intended to _.A.present an argumentB.make preparations for statementC.arouse readers interestD.function as a brief introduction（2）What was the doctors opinion about Glenn?A.Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.B.Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.C.There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.D.Glenn could live a normal life with the upper halt of his body.（3）What do we know about Glenn?A.Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital.B.Glenn inspired people with his moving story.C.Glenn won the first place in Marathon.D.Glenn organized a track team in college.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Strengthen determination B.Stand up after failureC.Go after dreams D.Face difficulty bravely【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章通过Glenn 幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中Everybody,at some point in their lives,has experiencedfailure.和 But what makes you is not your failure,but how you get back up after being hit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。故选D。（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中Much to the amazement of the doctor,he did survive.可知，医生认为 Glenn 生还的机会很小。故选 C。（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中A good example of the power of positive thinking andfaith in ones self,Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,可知，Glenn 以他感人的故事激励人们。故选B。（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句But what makes you is not your failure,but how youget back up after being hit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”可知本文最佳主题是B 项 Stand up after failure。故选 B。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不