2019年高考英语总复习重点讲解：词汇专题专练100题(带答案).pdf

高考英语总复习资料重点讲解：英语词汇高考英语总复习资料重点讲解：英语词汇 100100题详解题详解1.In this factory,suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully_A.admitted B.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered答案 D.considered注释 considered 考虑;admit 承认;absorb 吸收。注意acknowledge 1)(=agree or admit the truth of;confess)承认,供认;A.Heacknowledged his mistake.(他承认了他的错误。)B.接动名词He acknowledgedhaving been beaten.(他承认被打败了。)2)(express thanks for)致谢;A.Maryacknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter.(玛丽致函感谢馈赠的礼物。)B.His longservice with the company was acknowledged with a present.(向他赠送礼品以感谢他长期来对公司的服务。)2.The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without hisparents_.A.commandB.convictionC.consentD.compromise答案 C.consent注释 consent 同意,赞成,答应。conviction 深信,确信。compromise妥协,折中。command 命令,指令;掌握,运用能力。3.Our research has focused on a drug which is so _ as to be able to changebrain chemistry.A.powerfulB.influentialC.monstrousD.vigorous答案 A.powerful注释 powerful(=having or producing great power)强有力的。在这里四个形容词中,只有 powerful(有效力的)可与表示药物的名词搭配。influential 有影响的,有势力的,monstrous 异常大的,vigorous 精力旺盛的,强健有力的。4.The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway.A.vanished B.abandonedC.scatteredD.rejected答案 B.abandoned注释 abandoned(=give up completely)放弃,抛弃;1)Thescientist abandoned his research for lack of fund.2)The sailors abandoned theburning ship注意abandon 暗指某人对其所抛弃的人或物将会发生什么事情不感兴趣,如把撞坏的汽车抛弃在路旁。vanish(=suddenly disappear;go out of existence)vi.消失,绝迹;1)The airplane vanished into the clouds.2)Many kinds of animals havevanished form the earth.(许多种类的动物以在地球上绝迹。)scatter(=send,go indifferent direction)驱使,使分散;The police scattered the crowed.(警察驱散人群。)(=throw or put in various directions)撒,到处放;He scattered his clothes all over theroom.reject(=refuse to accept)拒绝接受;She rejected my suggestion5.Henrys news report covering the conference was so _ that nothing had beenomitted.A.understanding B.comprehensible C.comprehensive D.understandable答案 C.comprehensive.注释 comprehensive 完全的无所不包的;comprehensible能懂的,可以理解的;understandable 可以理解的,主要用来指人的行为。understanding用来指人时,表示善于理解别人或别人问题的(人)。注意下面的搭配：a comprehensivemap(街区详图);a comprehensible remark(听得懂的话),an understandable mistake(可以理解的错误);an understanding friend(一位能理解人的朋友)。6.She was afraid that unless the train speeded up she would lose her _ toScotland.A.ticketB.placeC.seatD.connection答案 D.connection注释 lose ones connection to 误了到.地方去的(汽车、火车、轮船的)联运;The train was late and I missed my connection.7.The ship was _ in a storm off Jamaica.A.drownedB.sunkC.wreckedD.submitted答案 C.wrecked注释 wreck vt.撞坏,毁坏;1)My son wrecked my car.2)My carwas completely wrecked in the accident.sink vt.下沉,沉没,该动词也可作及物动词用,意为“使下沉”,但按本题句意看,用被动语态不妥。drown 溺死,淹死：(vt.)He drowned his wife.(vi)He drowned in theriver.(他在河里淹死了。)submit 1)(=put oneself under the control of another)提交,呈送(to)：Should a wife submit herself to her husband?(妻子应顺从他丈夫吗？)2)(=put forward for option,discussion,decision ect.)提出(供评论、讨论决定等)Youmust submit your request to the committee.3)(=surrender(to),give in)屈服,投降：After being defeated,they submitted to the enemy.(打败后,他们向敌人投降了。)8.No one has _ been able to trace the author of the poem.A.still B.yetC.alreadyD.just答案 B.yet注释 yet 常用于现在完成时的否定句中,意为“尚,还”。9.More than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California,_inSanFrancisco.A.previously B.predominantlyCpracticallyD.permanently答案 B.predominantly.注释 predominantly(=mostly;mainly)主要地。previously(=coming earlier intime or order)先前,早先;This is better than any solution previously.(这个办法比以前提出 的任何 解决 办法 都好。)practically(=really;in a practical way)实际上。permanently(=going on for a long time)永久地。本题译文：在美国,华人中有三分之一居住在加利福尼亚洲,其中主要是在旧金山。10.The new secretary has written a remarkably _ report only in a few pagesbut with all the details.A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate答案 A.concise.注释 concise(=brief;giving much information in few words)简明扼要的：He gave a concise report of the meeting.(他对会议作了简明扼要的报道。)clear 清楚的。precise(=exact;correctly stated;free form error)精确的,明白无误的;Please tell me the precise measurements.(请告诉我精确的尺寸。)elaborate(=workedout with much care;carefully prepared)精心制作的,丰盛的：Peter worked out anelaborate scheme for raising the money.(彼得制定了一项详尽得计划来筹集着笔款项。)孤立地看,似乎 4 个形容词均能修饰 report,但从句子的逻辑关系看,后半句中有 only in afew pages but with all the details,故 concise 是最贴切的选择了。11.The managing director took the _ for the accident,although it was notreally his fault.A.guiltB.charge C.blameD.accusatio答案 C.blame.注释take the blame for 对.承担责任。Take charge of 负责管理(照顾)。注意charge 前无冠词 the.12.The worker agreed to _ the strike if the company would satisfy theirdemands.A.call forB.call forth C.call offD.call up答案 C.call off注释 详见 III,25,26 注释。13.I could just see a car in the distance,but I couldnt _ what color it was.A.look outB.make outC.get acrossD.take after答案 B.make out注释 详见 III,123 注释。14.He has impressed his employers considerably and _ he is soon to bepromoted.A.eventually B.yetC.finallyD.accordingly答案 D.accordingly.注释accordingly(=for that reason,therefore)因此,所以。15.It was a great _ for him to be pleasant to people he didnt like.A.attemptB.troubleC.powerD.effort答案 D.effort.注释 effort(作可数名词用)(=vigorous attempt)努力的尝试：Does it require a greateffort of will to give up smoking?(戒烟需要坚强的毅力吗？)16.The firemen managed to _ the fire in time.A.extinguishB.preventC.suppressD.ruin答案 A.extinguish.注释 extinguish(=put out)vt.扑灭(火焰等)。Stop the fire虽然也可以搭配,但按本句题意用 extinguish 为最佳。17.What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which makeMrs.Richard _ common.A.nothing butB.anythingbutC.above allD.rather than答案 B.anything but.注释 anything but(=far from being)根本不;The boys knewthey bad broken the rules,and they were anything but happy when they were calledto the office.(=They were unhappy and afraid.)nothing but只不过;Dont have himfor a friend;hes nothing but a criminal.(不要把他当朋友,他只不过是个罪犯。)I havenothing but two dollars.(我只有 2 美元。)above all 最重要的。rather than 而不是19.On this happy occasion,Id like to say that we are _ much obliged to you foryour kind cooperation.A.even soB.ever soC.as yetD.so far答案 B.ever so.注释ever so(=very)非常;Its ever so cold.与名词搭配时则用 eversuch,如：Shes ever such a nice girl.(她是一位非常好的姑娘。)even so(=althoughthat is true,nevertheless;still)即使如此：The fire was out,but even so,the smell ofsmoke was strong.(=The fire was out,but the smell was still there.)18.The car was completely _ and the driver seriously injured.A.broken offB.taken offC.written offD.picked up答案 C.written off.注释 write off 报废,参看 III,200.注释;break off 参看 III.13.注释;take off 参看 III.170.注释;pick up 参看 III.130,129.注释。22.Mr.Smith gradually _ a knowledge of the subject.A.attainedB.achievedC.requiredD.acquired答案 D.acquired.注释acquired(=gain for oneself by skill or ability,by ones own efforts or behavior)(由技术、能力、努力或行为)获得;得到：He has acquired a good command of Englishlanguage.(他已精通英语。)achieve,vt.取得(胜利、成功等),实现(目标、目的等)。attain,vt.达到(目的等),取得(成就等)：1)I hope you will attain your object.(我希望你会达到你的目的。)2)He attained success through hard work.20.His new appointment takes _ from the beginning of next month.A.placeB.effectC.postD.office、答案 B.effect.注释take effect 生效。21.The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and _ him ofspeeding.A.chargedB.accusedC.blamedD.deprived答案 B.accused.注释accuse sb.of.控告某人犯有.,warn sb.of 警告、告戒某人有.deprive sb.of sth.剥夺某人某事。charge sb.with murder(指控某人犯有杀人罪)。24.My camera canbe _ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A.treatedB.adoptedC.adjustedD.remedied答案 C.adjusted.注释adjust(=arrange,put in order or agreement;make suitable or convenient foruse)强调,调节,使适应;The body adjusts itself to change of temperature.(身体能自行调节以适应温度的变化。)My eyes have not been adjusted to dark yet.(我的眼睛还没有适应黑暗。)本句中 adjust 是不及物动词。I must adjust my watch.Its slow.(我必须调一下我的表。它走得慢了。)23.This is the _ piano on which the composer created some of his greatestworks.A.actualB.genuineC.realD.original答案 A.actual注释本题中 actual(=existing in fact,not imaginary)实际使用过的。actual,read,genuine 是同义词,有时可以互换,如：an actual(or real)event in history,(历史上的真实事件),real(or genuine)banknotes(真钞票),其反义词是 false(假的);original(原来的),其反义词是 duplicate(复制的)。从不同的角度看,似乎任何一个选择都说得过去,但按照题意选 A.actual 最佳,因为题中强调的不是钢琴的真假,而是指作曲家“实际使用过的”。本题译文：这是作曲家创作他的一些杰出作品时实际使用过的那台钢琴。26.The number of tickets _ will be determined by the size of the stadium.A.adaptableB.acceptableC.advisableD.available答案 D.available.注释 available.(=capable of being used;that may be obtained)可用的,有效的,可得到的。例如：1)There are no doctors available in the remote areas.(在边远地区没有大夫。)2)There tickets are available for on month.(这些票有效期一个月。)acceptable 可以接受的：None of the suggestions was acceptable.advisable明智的,可取的,适当的：I think it advisable that he be assigned to the job.(我认为指派他干这项工作是可取的。)adaptable 能适应的：He is an adaptable man and will soon learn thenew work.25.According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud,wisdom comes from the _of maturity.A.fulfillmentB.achievementC.establishmentD.accomplishment答案 B.achievement注释achievement(=something successfully finished or gained especially throughskill and hard work)取得,达到,成就。例如：achievement age智力成熟年龄。fulfilment(=the act of fulfilling or condition of being fulfilled)履行,实行。如：He was willing toface any hardship in fulfilment of his duties.(他愿意迎向困难去履行他得职责。)establishment建 立,建 设。Accomplishment(顺 利)完 成：Itwasagreataccomplishment to finish the house cleaning in two days.(两天内打扫完这栋屋子是件很了不起的事。)28.He is avery honest official and never _ any gifts fromthe people whosought his help.A.acceptedB.receivedC.took upD.excepted答案 A.accepted注释 receive 收到,接到,指“收,接”这一动作;而 accept 是经过考虑“接受”下来,表示当事人的态度,如：I received the present,but I did not accept it.(我收到了这件礼物,但我没有接受。)27.Too many hotels have been built and this has _ prices,making holidayscheaper.A.cut shortB.cut outC.cut offD.cutdown答案 D.cut down.注释 cut down 参阅 III,38 注释。30.Although he doesnt like that law,he will _ with it.A.confineB.conformC.complyD.contend答案 C.comply注释 comply with 遵守。29.He was not _ to the club because he wasnt a member.A.allowedB.admittedC.permittedD.approved答案 B.admitted.注释 admit sb.to(=allow sb.or sth.to enter;let in)允许某人某物进入;让.进入：1)Children are not admitted.(儿童免进。)Only one hundred boys are admitted to theschool the school every year.(这所学校每年只收 100 名男生。)admit(=acknowledge;confess)承认,供认：1)We have to admit that he is a highly competent man.(我们不得不承认他是一位能力很强的人。)2)The thief admitted his crime.3)She admittedhaving read the letter,4)I admit breaking the window.注意 admit 后可接动名词的一般式或完成式。5)We must admit the task to be difficult。注意 admit 也可以接复合结构。allow 和 permit 后均可接 sb.to do sth.,故不合本题题意。approve sth.批准;approve ofdoing sth.(=think well of)赞成,赞许：1)I am afraid they wont approve of yourgoing there.(恐怕他们不会赞成你去那里的。)2)I dont approve of your way of lookingat things.(我不赞同你看待事情的方法。)42.Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves _ know whereto look.A.virtuallyB.variouslyC.unavoidablyD.invariably答案 D.invariably.注释invariably 总是,不变地。Virtually 事实上,实际上。unavoidably 不可避免地。41.The Department is also deeply _ in various improvement schemes.A.connectedB.includedC.involvedD.implied答案 C.involved.注释be involved in 参与。Be included in 包括在.中。44.Do you mind if I _ with my work while you are getting tea ready.A.get throughB.turn toC.carry onD.come on答案 C.carry on.注释carry on 继续,参看,28。43.The boy had a _ escape when he ran across the road in front of the bus.A.closeB.shortC.narrowD.fine答案 C.narrow.注释have a narrow escape 幸免遇难。46.The finance minister has not been so _ since he raised taxes to such a highlevel.A.popularB.well-knownC.favorableD.preferable答案 A.popular.注释popular 此处意为“(=liked and admired)受爱戴的,有名声或声望的”。45.I left for the office earlier than usual this morning _ traffic jam.A.in line withB.in case ofC.for the sake ofD.at the risk of答案 B.in case of.注释 in case of 参看,94 注释。In line with(=in agreement with)与.一致,符合：His actions were not in line with his belief.本句中 in line with.作表语。In line withhistory and social evolution socialism is inevitable.本句中 in line with 引导地短语作状语,意为“按照”。For the sake of 为了.起见。At the sake of 冒.的风险。48.We all knew from the very _ that the plan would fail.A.outcomeB.outsetC.incomeD.output答案 B.outset.注释 outset 开端,开始,from the very outset(从一开始)。outbreak 爆发,发生。outcome 结局.income 收入。output 产量。47.It is wrong for someone in such a high _ in the government to behave toobadly in public.A.situationB.positionC.employmentD.profession答案 B.position.注释 position 此句中指“地位”(不可数,有时加不定冠词),如：1)She was a woman ofhigh position.2)a high(low)position society.50.Lawyers often make higher _ for their work than they should.A.billsB.chargesC.pricesD.costs答案 B.charges.注释 make charges for 对.收(费);索(价)。charge 也可以用作动词,表示“收费,索价”,如：1)We dont charge anything for that.(对此我们不收费。)2)How much doyou charge for a haircut?(理个发要收多少钱？)49.He looked rather untidy as there were two buttons _ from his coat.A.loosingB.losingC.offD.missing答案 D.missing.注释 missing 缺少的;a book with some missing pages.(缺页书)。52.They have held several meetings to _ next years production plans.A.set downB.make outC.work upD.draw up答案 D.draw up.注释 参阅 III,42。本题译文：他们已开过几次会议来起草明年得生产计划。51.The workmen made so much _ that Mrs.Walker had to spend three dayscleaning up afterwards.A.troubleB.damageC.messD.nuisance答案 C.mess.注释 make mess 弄得乱七八糟。Make a mess of“把.弄得乱七八糟”：He made amess of his work.(他把他的工作搞得乱七八糟。54.This book gives a brief _ of the history of the castle and details of the artcollection in the main hall.A.outlineB.referenceC.articleD.outlook答案 A.outline.注释 outline 轮廓,概要;give an outline of sth.概要说明某事。53.How can we get this language point _ to the students.A.downB.roundC.acrossD.into答案 C.across.注释 参阅 III,64 注释。本题译文：我们怎样才能把这个语言点向学生讲清楚？56.Kates ambition to become a nurse _ from a desire to help others.A.promptedB.promotedC.programmedD.proceeded答案 D.proceeded.注释 proceed form(=arise form)来自;由.产生：1)Clouds of smoke proceededform the chimney.(从烟囱里升起缕缕浓烟。)2)This proceeded from ignorance.(这是出于无知。)注意 proceed 的其他用法：(=go on to do sth.;continue)接着(做某事);继续进行;1)He proceeded to give me a vivid description of the mountainous scenery there.(他接着给我栩栩如生地描述那里的山区景色。)2)接介词 with;Now please proceed withyour story.(现在请你接着将下去。)3)接介词 to:We will now proceed to the nextbusiness.(我们现在将接着干下面的一件事。)4)准备取得(某种学位)：He will proceed tothe degree of M.A.this year.(他准备今年取得文科硕士学位。)本题译文：凯特想当护士的志向出自于帮助他人的愿望。55.Dress warmly,_ youll catch cold.A.on the contraryB.or ratherC.or elseD.in no way答案 C.or else.注释 or else(=otherwise;if not)否则：Hurry up,or(else)youll be late.58.Although John was the eldest in the family,he always let his sister _ chargeof the house.A.takeB.holdC.makeD.get答案 A.take.注释 take charge of(=to be or become responsible for sb.or sth.)负责、掌管、看管;He took charge of the department(or the children)57.The island where these rare birds nest has been declared a _.A.observationB.reservationC.preservationD.conservation答案 D.conservation.注释 conservation 保存(自然资源等)the conservation of soil and water 水土保持;the law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律。observation 观察;reservation(旅馆房间、戏院座位等的)预定;保留(意见);美保留地：1)Have you make yourreservations?(你预定了没有？)2)I will accept the suggestion without reservation.(我将毫无保留地接受这项建议。)3)The government has set apart Indian reservations.(政府已经划出印地安人保留地。)preservation 保存 We must strive for the preservationof our natural resources.(我们必须努力保护自然资源)conservation,preservation,