2018年高考英语全国卷I(新课标I)试题及答案(word).pdf

绝密启封前20182018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标 I I）英英 语语试卷类型试卷类型 A A第卷第卷第一部分第一部分 听力（共两节，满分听力（共两节，满分 3030 分）分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案是 C。1.What will James do tomorrow?A.Watch a TV program.B.Give a talk.2.What can we say about the woman?A.Shes generous.3.When does the leave?A.At 6:30.B.At 8:30.C.At 10:30.B.Shes curious.C.Shes helpful.C.Write a report.4.How does the woman go to work?A.By car.B.On foot.C.By bike.5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.C.Doctor and patient.1第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6.What does the woman regret?A.Giving up her research.B.Dropping out of college.C.Changing her major.7.What is the woman interested in studying now?A.Ecology.B.EducationC.Chemistry.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8.What is the man?A.A hotel manger.B.A tour guide.C.A taxi driver.9.What is the man doing for the woman?A.Looking for some local foods.B.Showing her around the seaside.C.Offering information about a hotel.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In an office.B.At home.C.At a restaurant.11.What will the speaker do tomorrow evening?A.Go to a concert.B.Visit a friend.C.Work extra hours.212.Who is Alice going to call?A.Mike.B.Joan.C.Catherine.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13.Why does the woman meet the man?A.To look at an apartment.B.To deliver some furniture.C.To have a meal together.14.What does the woman like about the carpet?A.Its colorB.Its design.C.Its quality.15.What does the man say bout the kitchen?A.Its a good size.B.Its newly painted.C.Its adequately equipped.16.What will the woman probably do nest?A.Go downtown.B.Talk with her friend.C.Make payment.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17.Who is the speaker probably talking to?A.Movie fans.B.News reporters.C.College students.18.When did the speaker take English classes?A.Before he left his hometown.B.After he came to America.C.When he was 15 years old.19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A.Hes proud.B.Hes sympathetic.C.Hes grateful.20.What does the speaker mainly talk about?A.How education shaped his life.3B.How his language skills improved.C.How he managed his business well.第二部分第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分阅读理解（共两节，满分 4040 分）分）第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A AWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherrytrees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a historylesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve yourspot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments inWashington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall asyour guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hoursMorning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomersand locals looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum4effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting storiesabout Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smoothtour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(7 miles)Join a small group bike tor for an evening for exploration in the heart ofWashington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike thesites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo takingas your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottledwater.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.C.Visit well-known museums.B.Go to a national park.D.Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.B.CamerasC.MealsB BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofaevery morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing familieshow to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.D.Safety lights.5In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with thehelp of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,whilepreparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain spresenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in herown home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my own phone from my localMexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份),but Mattmakes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes were not aware how cheaply wecan make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in thefootsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Food,which gave viewers advice on how tovalue from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend timewith a different family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid ofa family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms thefamilys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.6C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for LessCLanguage have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recenttimes there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was stillpopulated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their ownpatterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spokeperhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recentcenturies,trade,industrialisaton,the development of the nation-state and the spreadof universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and bettercommunications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages todisappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese areincreasing taking over.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of theselanguages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively fewlanguages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often7spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americansabout 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which PapuaNew Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)ofspeakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken byfewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random.Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in theUnited States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.C.They had similar patterns.B.They were large in number.D.They were closely connected.29.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?A.ComplexB.AdvancedC.PowerfulD.Modern30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.31.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyle are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first8sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our olddevices(装置)well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for theenvironmentand our wallets as these outdated devices consume much moreenergy than the newer ones than do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and hercolleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked theenvironmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals aremined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for howhome energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped bygeneration.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones,andLCD TVS entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room,andsuddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,old desktop monitors and box TVs withcathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption andcontribution to greenhouse gas emission(排放)more than doubling during the 1992to 2007 window.32.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environmental-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.933.Why did Babbitts team conducted the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.C.The LCD TVB.The tablet.D.The desktop computer.35.What does the test suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.C.Upgrade them.B.Take them apartD.Recycle them.第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home design something youll always have in everyroom.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps tocreating rooms youll love to live in.Do you want a room thats full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?36,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to helpdesigners approach this important point.37,they can get a little complex.Butgood news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to makeabout color in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.1038.Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and basketsthat most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting yourwalls and less expensive than buyingcolorful sofa,small color choices bring withthem the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are gradually furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tablesor bookshelves.39.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,andthey have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expensepit into it are significant.40.A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the one were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分第三部分 英语知识运用英语知识运用（共两节，满分（共两节，满分 4545 分）分）第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。During my second year at the city college,I was told that the educationdepartment was offering a“free”course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I41the idea of taking the class because,after all,who doesnt want to4211a few dollars?More than that,Id always wanted to learn chess.And,even if Iwerent43enough about free credits,news about our44was appealingenough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which45I would belearning from one of the games46.I could hardly wait to47him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,andthis48was no game for him;he meant business.In his introduction,he madeit49that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to50the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to51what wewould learn in class to our future professionals and,52,to our lives.I managedto get an A in that53and learned life lessons that have served me wellbeyond the54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,Im still putting to use what he55me:“The absolute most important56that you learnwhen you playchess is how to make good57.On every single move you have to58asituation,process what your opponent(对手)is doing and59the best movefrom among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my60as ajournalist.41.A.put forward42.A.waste43.A.excited44.A.title45.A.urged46.A.fastest47.A.interviewB.jumped atB.earnB