近五年高考英语690个阅读高频词汇总.pdf

近五年高考英语近五年高考英语 690690 个阅读高频词个阅读高频词汇总汇总1.alter v.改变,变更2.burst vi./n.突然发生,爆裂3.dispose vi.除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)4.blast n.爆炸；气流 vi.炸,炸掉5.consume v.消耗,耗尽6.split v.劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的7.spit v.吐（唾液等）；唾弃8.spill v.溢出,溅出,倒出9.slip v.滑动,滑落；忽略10.slide v.滑动,滑落 n.滑动；滑面；幻灯片11.bacteria n.细菌12.breed n.种,品种 v.繁殖,产仔13.budget n.预算 v.编预算,作安排14.candidate n.候选人15.campus n.校园16.liberal a.慷慨的；丰富的；自由的17.transform v.转变,变革；变换18.transmit v.传播,播送；传递19.transplant v.移植20.transport vt.运输,运送 n.运输,运输工具21.shift v.转移；转动；转变22.vary v.变化,改变；使多样化23.vanish vi.消灭,不见24.swallow v.吞下,咽下 n.燕子25.suspicion n.怀疑,疑心26.suspicious a.怀疑的,可疑的27.mild a.温暖的,暖和的；温柔的,味淡的28.tender a.温柔的；脆弱的29.nuisance n.损害,妨害,讨厌（的人或 事物）30.insignificant a.无意义的,无足轻重的；无价值的31.accelerate vt.加速,促进32.absolute a.绝对的,无条件的；完全的33.boundary n.分界线,边界34.brake n.刹车,制动器 v.刹住（车）35.catalog n.目录（册）v.编目36.vague a.模糊的,不明确的37.vain n.徒劳,白费38.extinct a.绝灭的,熄灭的39.extraordinary a.不平常的,特别的,非凡的40.extreme a.极度的,极端的 n.极端,过分41.agent n.代理人,代理商；动因,原因42.alcohol n.含酒精的饮料,酒精43.appeal n./vi.呼吁,恳求44.appreciate vt.重视,赏识,欣赏45.approve v.赞成,同意,批准46.stimulate vt.刺激,激励47.acquire vt.取得,获得；学到48.accomplish vt.完成,到达；实行work n.网状物；广播网,电视网；网络50.tide n.潮汐；潮流51.tidy a.整洁的,整齐的52.trace vt.追踪,找到 n.痕迹,踪迹53.torture n./vt.拷打,折磨54.wander vi.漫游,闲逛55.wax n.蜡56.weave v.织,编57.preserve v.保护,保存,保持,维持61.abuse v.滥用,虐待；谩骂62.academic a.学术的；高等院校的；研究院的63.academy n.（高等）专科院校；学会64.battery n.电池（组）65.barrier n.障碍；棚栏66.cargo n.（船、飞机等装载的）货物67.career n.生涯,职业68.vessel n.船舶；容器,器皿；血管69.vertical a.垂直的70.oblige v.迫使,责成；使感激71.obscure a.阴暗,模糊72.extent n.程度,范围,大小,限度73.exterior n.外部,外表 a.外部的,外表的74.external a.外部的,外表的,外面的75.petrol n.汽油76.petroleum n.石油77.delay vt./n.推迟,延误,耽搁78.decay vi.腐烂,腐朽79.decent a.像样的,体面的80.route n.路；路线；航线81.ruin v.毁坏,破坏 n.毁灭,pl.废墟82.sake n.缘故,理由83.satellite n.卫星84.scale n.大小,规模；等级；刻度85.temple n.庙宇86.tedious a.乏味道,单调的,87.tend vi.易于,趋向88.tendency n.趋向,趋势89.ultimate a.极端的,最大的,最终的 n.极端90.undergo v.经历,遭受91.abundant a.丰富的,充裕的,大量的92.adopt v.收养；采用；采纳93.adapt vi.适应,适合；改编,改写 vt.使适应94.bachelor n.学士,学士学位；单身汉95.casual a.偶然的,碰巧的；临时的；非正式的96.trap n.陷阱,圈套 v.设陷阱捕捉97.vacant a.空的,未占用的98.vacuum n.真空,真空吸尘器99.oral a.口头的,口述的,口的100.optics n.（单、复数同形）光学101.organ n.器官,风琴102.excess n.过分,过量,过剩103.expel v.驱逐,开除,赶出104.expend v.消费105.expenditure n.支出,消费；经费106.expense n.开销,费用107.expensive a.花钱多的；价格高贵的108.expand v.扩大,扩张；展开,膨胀109.expansion n.扩大,扩充；发展,膨胀110.private a.私人的,个人的111.individual a.个别的,单独的 n.个人,个体112.personal a.个人的,私人的；亲自的114.personnel n.总称人员,员工；人事部门115.the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116.the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117.the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118.the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119.grant vt.授予,同意,准予119.grand a.宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的120.invade v.侵入,侵略,侵袭121.acid n.酸,酸性物质 a.酸的；尖刻的122.acknowledge v.承认；致谢123.balcony n.阳台124.calculate vt.计算,核算125.calendar n.日历,月历126.optimistic a.乐观127.optional a.可以任选的,非强制的128.outstanding a.杰出的,突出的,显著的129.export n.出口（物）v.出口,输出130.import n.进口（物）v.进口,输入131.impose vt.把.加强(on)；采用,利用132.religion n.宗教,宗教信仰133.religious a.宗教的134.victim n.牺牲品,受害者135.video n.电视,视频 a.电视的,录像的136.videotape n.录像磁带 v.把.录在录像带上137.offend v.冒犯,触犯138.bother v.打搅,麻烦139.interfere v.干涉,干扰,妨碍140.internal a.内部的,国内的141.beforehand ad.预先,事先142.racial a.人种的种族的143.radiation n.放射物,辐射144.radical a.根本的；激进的145.range n.幅度,范围 v.（在某范围内）变动146.wonder n.惊奇,奇迹 v.想知道,对.感到疑惑147.isolate vt.使隔离,使孤立148.issue n.问题,争论点；发行,（报刊）一期149.hollow a.空的,中空的,空虚道150.hook n.钩 vt.钩住151.adequate a.适当地；足够152.adhere vi.粘附,附着；遵守,坚持153.ban vt.取缔,禁止154.capture vt.俘虏,捕获155.valid a.有效的,有根据的；正当的156.valley n.山谷,峡谷157.consistent a.坚固定；一致的,始终如一的158.continuous a.继续的,连续（不断）的159.continual a.不断地,频繁的160.explode v.爆炸；爆发；激增161.exploit v.剥削；利用,开采162.explore v.勘探163.explosion n.爆炸；爆发；激增164.explosive a.爆炸的；极易引起争论的165.remote a.遥远的,偏僻的166.removal n.除去,消除167.render vt.使得,致使167.render vt.呈递,归还,着色,汇报,致使,放弃,表演,实施 vi.给予补偿 n.交纳,粉刷,打底168.precaution n.预防,防备,警惕169.idle a.懒散的,无所事事的170.identify vt.认出,鉴定171.identify n.身份；个性,特性172.poverty n.贫穷173.resistant a.(to)抵抗的,抗.的,耐.的174.resolve vt.解决；决定,决意175.barrel n.桶176.bargain n.便宜货 vi.讨价还价177.coarse a.粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的178.coach n.教练；长途公共汽车179.code n.准则,法规,密码180.coil n.线圈 v.卷,盘绕181.adult n.成年人182.advertise v.为.做广告183.advertisement n.广告184.agency n.代理商,经销商185.focus v.（使）聚集 n.焦点,中心,聚焦186.forbid vt.不许,禁止187.debate n./v.辩论,争论188.debt n.欠债189.decade n.十年190.enclose vt.围住；把.装入信封191.encounter vt./n.遭遇,遭到192.globe n.地球,世界；地球仪193.global a.全球的；总的194.scan vt.细看；扫描；浏览195.scandal n.丑事,丑闻196.significance n.意义；重要性197.subsequent a.随后的,后来的198.virtue n.美德,优点199.virtual a.实际上的,事实上的200.orient vt.使适应,(to,toward)使朝向 n.东方201.portion n.一部分202.target n.目标,靶子 vt.瞄准203.portable a.手提式的204.decline v.拒绝,谢绝；下降205.illusion n.错觉206.likelihood n.可能,可能性207.stripe n.条纹208.emphasize vt.强调,着重209.emotion n.情感,感情210.emotional a.感情的,情绪（上）的211.awful a.极坏的,威严的,可怕的212.awkward a.笨拙的,棘手的213.clue n.线索,提示214.collision n.碰撞,冲突215.device n.装置,设备216.devise vt.发明,策划,想出217.inevitable a.不可避免的218.naval a.海军的219.navigation n.航行220.necessity n.必需品；必要性221.previous a.先,前,以前的222.provision n.pl.给养,口粮；准备,设备,装置223.pursue vt.追逐；追求；从事,进行224.stale a.不新鲜的,陈腐的225.substitute n.代用品 vt.代替226.deserve vt.应受,应得,值得227.discrimination n.歧视；辨别力228.professional a.职业的,专门的229.secure a.安全的,可靠的230.security n.安全,保障231.scratch v./n.抓,搔,扒232.talent n.才能,天资；人才233.insurance n.保险,保险费234.insure vt.给.保险,保证,确保235.nevertheless ad.仍然,然而,不过236.neutral a.中立的,中性的237.spot n.地点；斑点 vt.认出,发现；玷污238.spray v.喷,（使）溅散239.medium a.中等的,适中的 n.媒介物,新闻媒介240.media n.新闻传媒241.auxiliary a.辅助的,备用的242.automatic a.自动的pete vi.竞争,比赛petent a.有能力的,能胜任的petition n.竞争,比赛246.distribute vt.分发247.disturb vt.打搅,妨碍248.infer v.推论,推断249.integrate v.（使）成为一体,（使）合并250.moist a.潮湿251.moisture n.潮湿252.promote vt.促进；提升253.region n.地区；范围；幅度254.register v./n.登记,注册255.stable a.稳定的256.sophisticated a.老于世故的,老练的；很复杂的257.splendid a.极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的258.cancel vt.取消,废除259.variable a.易变的,可变的260.prospect n.前景,前途；景象261.prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣262.aspect n.方面；朝向；面貌263.cope vi.(with)（成功地）应付,处理264.core n.果心,核心265.maintain vt.维持,保持；坚持,主张266.mainland n.大陆267.discipline n.纪律；惩罚；学科268.domestic a.本国的,国内的；家用的；家庭的269.constant a.不变的,恒定的 n.常数270.cliff n.悬崖,峭壁271.authority n.权威；当局272.audio a.听觉273.attitude n.态度munity n.社区,社会mit vt.犯（错误,罪行等）,干（坏事等）ment n./vt.评论277.distinguish vt.区分,辨别278.distress n.痛苦,悲伤 vt.使痛苦279.facility n.pl.设备,设施；便利,方便280.faculty n.能力,技能;系,学科/院;全体教员281.mixture n.混合,混合物282.mood n.心情,情绪；语气283.moral a.道德上的,有道德的284.prominent a.突出的285.substance n.物质；实质286.substantial a.可观的；牢固的；实质的287.prompt vt.促使 a.敏捷的,及时的288.vivid a.生动的289.vocabulary n.词汇（量）；词汇表290.venture n.风险投资,风险项目 v.冒险；取于291.version n.版本,译本；说法292.waist n.腰,腰部293.weld v./n.焊接294.yawn vi.打哈欠295.yield vi.(to)屈服于；让出,放弃 n.产量296.zone n.地区,区域297.strategy n.战略,策略298.strategic a.战略（上）的,关键的299.tense a.紧张的 v.拉紧 n.时态300.tension n.紧张（状态）,张力301.avenue n.林荫道,大街302.available a.现成可用的；可得到的parable a.(with,to)可比较的,类似的parative a.比较的,相对的305.dash vi.猛冲,飞奔306.data n.数据,资料307.dive vi.跳水,潜水308.diverse a.不同的,多种多样的309.entitle vt.给.权利,给.资格310.regulate vt.管理,调节311.release vt./n.释放,排放；解释解脱312.exaggerate v.夸大,夸张313.evil a.邪恶的,坏的314.shrink vi.起皱,收缩；退缩315.subtract v.减（去）316.suburb n.市郊317.subway n.地铁318.survey n./vt.调查,勘测319.wealthy a.富裕的320.adjust v.调整,调节321.attach vt.系,贴；使附属322.profit n.利润,益处；v.有益于,有利于323.profitable a.有利可图的324.slope n.斜坡,斜面325.reinforce vt.增强,加强326.reject vt.拒绝327.fatal a.致命的；重大的328.fate n.命运329.humble a.谦逊的；谦虚的330.illegal a.不合法的,非法的331.award vt.授予,判给 n.奖品,奖金332.aware a.意识到333.column n.柱,圆柱；栏,专栏edy n.喜剧335.dumb a.哑的；沉默的336.dump vt.倾卸,倾倒337.deaf a.聋的；不愿听的338.decorate vt.装饰,装璜339.principal a.最重要的 n.负责人,校长340.principle n.原则,原理341.prior a.优先的,在前的342.priority n.优先,重点343.prohibit vt.禁止,不准344.remarkable a.值得注意的,异常的,非凡的345.remedy n./vt.补救,医治,治疗346.repetition n.重复,反复347.vain a.徒劳的,无效的348.undertake vt.承担,着手做,答应349.unique a.唯一的,独特的350.obstacle n.障碍（物）,妨碍351.aqodd a.奇特的,古怪的；奇数的352.omit vt.省略353.opponent n.敌手,对手354.opportunity n.机会,时机355.orchestra n.管弦乐队356.semester n.学期；半年357.semiconductor n.半导体358.seminar n.研讨会359.terminal a.末端的,极限的 n.终点360.territory n.领土361.approximate a.大概的,大约 v.近似362.arbitrary a.随意的,未断的363.architect n.建筑师364.architecture n.建筑学365.biology n.生物学366.geography n.地理（学）367.geology n.地质学368.geometry n.几何（学）369.arithmetic n.算术370.algebra n.代数371.entertainment n.娱乐；招待,款待372.enthusiasm n.热情,热心373.entry n.进入,入口处；参赛的人（或物）374.environment n.环境375.episode n.插曲,片段376.equation n.方程（式）377.restrain vt.阻止,抑制378.restraint n.抑制,限制379.resume v.（中断后）重新开始380.severe a.严重的381.sexual a.性的382.simplicity n.简单；朴素383.simplify vt.简化384.sorrow n.悲哀,悲痛385.stuff n.原料,材料 vt.填进,塞满386.temporary a.暂时的,临时的387.temptation n.诱惑,引诱388.terror n.恐怖389.thrust v.挤,推,插390.treaty n.条约,协定391.arise vi.产生,出现,发生；起身392.arouse vt.引起,激起；唤醒393.burden n.重担,负荷394.bureau n.局,办事处395.marvelous a.奇迹般的,惊人的396.massive a.大的,大量的,大块的397.mature a.成熟的398.maximum a.最高的,最大的399.minimum a.最低的,最小的400.nonsense n.胡说,冒失的行动401.nuclear a.核子的,核能的402.nucleus n.核403.retail n./v./ad.零售404.retain vt.保留,保持405.restrict vt.限制,约束406.sponsor n.发起者,主办者 vt.发起,主办,资助407.spur n./vt.刺激,激励408.triumph n.胜利,成功409.tuition n.学费410.twist vt.使缠绕；转动；扭歪411.undergraduate n.大学肄业生412.universal a.普遍的,通用的；宇宙的413.universe n.宇宙414.via prep.经由,经过,通过415.vibrate v.振动,摇摆416.virus n.病毒417.voluntary a.自愿的418.volunteer n.志愿者 v.自愿（做）419.vote v.选举 n.选票420.wagon n.四轮马车,铁路货车421.appoint vt.任命,委派422.approach v.靠近,接近 n.途径,方式423.appropriate a.适当的424.bunch n.群,伙；束,串425.bundle n.捆,包,束 vt.收集,归拢426.ceremony n.典礼,仪式427.chaos n.混乱,紊乱428.discount n.（价格）折扣429.display n./vt.陈列,展览430.equivalent a.相等的 a.相等物431.erect a.竖直的 v.建造,竖立432.fax n./vt.传真433.fertile a.肥沃的；多产的434.fertilizer n.肥料435.grateful a.感激的436.gratitude n.感激437.horror n.恐怖438.horrible a.可怕的439.Internet n.国际互联网,因特网440.interpret v.翻译,解释441.interpretation n.解释,说明442.jungle n.丛林,密林443.knot n.结 vt.把.打成结444.leak v.漏,渗出445.lean vi.倾斜,倚,靠446.leap vi.跳跃447.modify vt.修改448.nylon n.尼龙449.onion n.洋葱450.powder n.粉末451.applicable a.可应用的,适当的452.applicant n.申请人453.breadth n.宽度454.conservation n.保存,保护455.conservative a.保守的456.parallel n.平行线；可相比拟的事物457.passion n.激情,热情458.passive a.被动的,消极的459.pat v./n.轻拍,轻打460.peak n.山峰,顶点461.phenomenon n.现象462.reluctant a.不情愿的,勉强的463.rely vi.(on,upon)依赖,指望464.relevant a.有关的,切题的465.reliable a.可靠的466.relief n.轻松,宽慰；减轻467.reputation n.名气,声誉468.rescue vt./n.营救469.triangle n.三角（形）470.sequence n.连续；顺序471.shallow a.浅的472.shiver vi/n.发抖473.shrug v./n.耸肩474.signature n.签名475.sincere a.诚挚的,真诚的476.utility n.功用,效用477.utilize vt.利用478.utter vt.说出 a.完全的,彻底的479.variation n.变化,变动480.vehicle n.交通工具,车辆481.applause n.鼓掌,掌声482.appliance n.器具,器械483.consent n.准许,同意 vi(to)准许,同意484.conquer vt.征服485.defect n.缺点,缺陷486.delicate a.易碎的；娇弱的；精美的487.evolve v.演变488.evolution n.演变,进化489.frown v./n.皱眉490.frustrate vt.使沮丧491.guarantee vt./n.保证492.guilty a.内疚的；有罪的493.jealous a.妒忌的494.jeans n.牛仔裤495.liquor n.酒,烈性酒496.liter/litre n.升497.modest a.谦虚道498.molecule n.分子499.orbit n.轨道 v.（绕.）作轨道运行500.participate v.(in)参与,参加501.particle n.微粒502.particularly ad.特别,尤其503.respond vi.回答,答复；反应504.response n.回答,答复；反应505.sensible a.明智的506.sensitive a.敏感到,灵敏的507.tremble vi.颤抖508.tremendous a.巨大的；精彩的509.trend n.趋向,倾向510.trial n.审讯；试验511.apparent a.显然的,明白的512.appetite n.胃口；欲望513.deposit n.存款,定金 v.存放,储蓄514.deputy n.副职,代表515.derive vt.取得,得到；(from)起源于516.descend v.下来,下降517.missile n.导弹518.mission n.使命；代表团519.mist n.薄雾520.noticeable a.显而易见到521.notify vt.通知,告知522.notion n.概念；意图,想法523.resemble vt.像,类似于524.reveal vt.揭露525.revenue n.收入,岁入；税收526.shelter n.掩蔽处；住所527.shield n.防护物,盾 vt.保护,防护528.vital a.重要的；致命的,生命的529.vitally ad.极度,非常；致命地530.urban a.城市的531.urge vt.鼓励,激励532.urgent a.急迫的,紧急得533.usage n.使用,用法534.violence n.强力,暴力535.violent a.强暴的536.violet a.紫色的537.weed n.杂草,野草538.welfare n.福利539.whatsoever ad.（用于否定句）任何540.whereas conj.然而,但是,尽管541.essential a.必不可少的；本质的542.estimate n./vt.估计,估量543.evaluate vt.评估,评价544.exceed vt.超过,越出545.exceedingly ad.非常,极其546.exclaim v.呼喊,大声说547.exclude vt.把.排斥在外,不包括548.exclusive a.读有的,排他的549.excursion n.远足550.flash vi.闪光,闪耀551.flee vi.逃走552.flexible a.易弯曲的553.flock n.羊群,（鸟兽等）一群；一伙人554.hardware n.五金器具555.harmony n.和谐,融洽556.haste n.急速,急忙557.hatred n.憎恶,憎恨558.incident n.事件,事变559.index n.索引,标志560.infant n.婴儿561.infect v.传染562.inferior a.劣等的,次的,下级的563.infinite a.无限的564.ingredient n.组成部分565.inhabitant n.居民566.jail n.监狱567.jam n.果酱；拥挤,堵塞568.jewel n.宝石569.joint a.连接的；共同的570.junior a.年少的；资历较浅的571.laser n.激光572.launch vt.发动,发起573.luxury n.奢侈；奢侈品574.magnet n.磁铁,磁体575.male a.男性的,雄的576.female a.女性的,雌的577.manual a.用手的,手工做的 n.手册578.manufacture vt./n.制造,加工579.marine a.海的；海产的580.mutual a.相互的581.naked a.裸露的582.negative a.否定的,消极的583.neglect vt.忽视,忽略584.origin n.起源,出身585.oval a.椭圆形的 n.椭圆形586.outset n.开始,开端587.presumably ad.大概,可能588.prevail vi.流行,盛行589.quit v.停止590.quotation n.引文,引语591.recreation n.娱乐活动592.recruit vt.招募,吸收（新成员）593.rival n.竞争对手,敌手594.shuttle n.梭子；航天飞机595.skim vt.搬（去）,掠过；浏览596.sketch n.草图；梗概597.slender a.苗条的,修长的598.theme n.主题599.textile n.纺织品600.tropical a.热带的,炎热的601.kneel vi.跪602.label n.标签603.merchant n.商人604.mere a.仅仅的,只不过的；纯粹的605.nuisance n.令人讨厌的东西（或人）606.numerous a.众多的,许多的607.parade n.游行 v.列队行进608.pants pl.n.长裤；内裤609.partial a.部分的610.passport n.护照611.prescribe vt.开药,吩咐采用.疗法612.primitive a.原始的,早期的613.ridge n.脊,山脊,埂614.ridiculous a.可笑的,荒漠的615.rigid a.严格的；僵硬的616.withstand vt.经受,承受617.witness n.目击者；证据 vt.注意到；证明618.withdraw v.收回,撤销619.slippery a.滑的620.smash vt.粉碎,打烂621.snap n./vt.折断,拉断；快照622.software n.软件623.solar a.太阳的624.lunar a.月的,月球的625.submerge vi.潜入水中626.submit vi.(to)屈服,听从627.timber n.木材,原木628.tissue n.组织；薄纱,手巾纸629.title n.题目,标题630.tone n.语气,音调631.drift vi.漂,漂流632.drip n.滴633.durable a.耐用的,持久的634.duration n.持续,持续期间635.dusk n.黄昏,薄暮636.leather n.皮革637.legislation n.法律,法规；立法638.leisure n.闲暇；悠闲639.loose a.松的,宽松的640.loosen v.解开,放松641.earnest a.认真的,诚挚的642.earthquake n.地震643.echo n.回音,回声644.elaborate a.精心设计的,复杂的645.elastic n.橡皮圈（带）a.有弹性的646.elbow n.肘647.electron n.电子648.volcano n.火山649.volume n.卷,册；体积,容量650.fatigue n.疲劳,劳累651.faulty a.有错误的,有缺点的652.favorable a.称赞道；有利的,顺利的653.favorite a.特别受喜欢的 n.喜爱的人或物654.gallery n.画廊655.gallon n.加仑656.gap n.间隔,差距657.garbage n.垃圾,废物658.gaze v.凝视,注视659.gear n.齿轮,传动装置660.gene n.基因661.lest conj.唯恐,免得662.liable a.可能的,大概的；(to)易于.的663.liberal a.自由得664.liberty n.自由665.license/license n.许可证,执照666.moisture n.潮湿667.motivate vt.激励,激发668.motive n.动机,目的669.generate vt.生成,产生（光、热、电等）670.genius n.天才,天赋671.genuine a.真的,真诚的672.gasoline n.汽油673.germ n.微生物,细菌674.gesture n.姿势,手势675.giant a.巨大的 n.巨人,巨物676.glimpse n.一瞥,一看677.glory n.光荣,荣誉678.glorious n.光荣的,极好的679.golf n.高尔夫球运动680.hydrogen n.氢681.oxygen n.氧682.hostile a.敌对的,敌意大683.household n.家庭,户684.hook n.钩685.holy a.神圣地,圣洁的686.hint n.暗示,示意687.hesitate v.犹豫688.highlight vt.强调,突出689.hence ad.因此,所以；今后,从此690.herd n.兽群,牧群