高考英语语法讲解之名词性从句.pdf

20102010 高考二轮复习英语学案高考二轮复习英语学案【典例精析典例精析】专题九名词性从句专题九名词性从句1.(2007 山东，22)Could I speak to _is in charge of International Sales,please?A.anyoneB.someoneC.whoeverD.no matter who【解析】C.“is in charge of International Sales”表语从句，缺少引导词和主语。其中A.B.选项后面需加定语从句引导词who；而 no matter who 不能引导名词性从句，只能引导状语从句。2.（2008 重庆，25）People in Chongqing are proud of _they have achieved in the past ten years.A.thatB.whichC whatD.how【解析】C“they have achieved in the past ten years”做介词 of 的宾语，宾语从句中缺少have achieved 的宾语。3.（2008 山东，23）_was most important to her,she told me,was her family.A.ItB ThisC.WhatD.As【解析】C.句子的主干为“_was most important to her was her family”很明显此句的主语是个从句，主语从句中缺主语。4.（09 山东）The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait tor her mother.A.whereB.whatC.howD.who【解析】Aremain 是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。5.（09 湖南）She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever【解析】C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。6.（09 江西）The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though【解析】C 间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact 和 that 引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。7.（09 海南）Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales please?A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever【解析】C whoever既作了 to 的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词，any personwhothe person who“任何人”、“无论谁”、“的人”。8.（09 陕西）The how to book can be of help towants to do the job.A.whoB.whomeverC.no matter whoD.whoever【解析】D 此处从做介词 to 的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D。9.（09 海南）One of the most important questions they had to consider wasof public healthA.whatB.thisC.thatD.which【解析】C句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that 作代词，that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。10.（09 上海）As a new diplomat,he often thinks of _ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how【解析】D 考查宾语从句用法。句意“作为一个新的外交家，他常常想到在这样的场合下，他如何才能作出更恰当的反应”。可知选 D 符合。11.（09 四川）8.News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where【解析】C 在该题中 that 引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news 的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D 项。【专题突破】要求学生在做题中要注意如下几点：1.分析结构，辨析名词性从句和状语从句；2.理解句意，正确区别引导词；3.按照句意，出现那个引导词意思，便选择那个引导词。1.There is a common belief among them _rubbish can and should be put to good use.A.whichB.ifC.whoseD.that2._ has been mentioned above,continued chairman after he took a sip of coffee,_ the project must be carried out beforespring flood comes.A.As;thatB.That;whichC.This;whichD.It;that3.David Beckham has _it take to become a professional football player.AwhoBwhatCwhichDthat4.Nobody would stand out admitting the fact,for some reason,they lost the game.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.why5.-The patient looks much better.is it that has made him he is today?-Perhaps the special medicine and his familys patient care.AWhat;thatBThat;thatCWhat;whatDWhat;which6.After three hours climbing,they reached they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of.AwhatBwhichCwhereDthat7.A plan has been put forward _ more graduates should go to work in the countryA.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how8.It is pretty well understood _controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how9.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _.A.that;to be improvedB.which;to be improvedC.where;improvingD.when;improving10._ made the school proud was _ more that 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.WhatbecauseB.WhatthatC.ThatwhatD.Thatbecause11.Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?Oh,thats _.A.what makes me feel excitedB.whatever I feel excited aboutC.how I feel about itD.when I feel excited12.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.How13.The road is covered with snow.I cant understand _ they insist on going by motor-bike.A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how参考答案和解析：参考答案和解析：1.【解析】D“_rubbish can and should be put to good use.”是 a common belief 的同位语从句，从句中意思完整,结构完整。2.【解析】A“_ has been mentioned above”是定语从句，而“_ the project must be carried out before spring flood comes.”是动词 continued 的宾语从句，宾语从句中句意和结构都完整，故选that，结合第一个空，得答案A.3.【解析】B“_ it takes to be a professional footballer”做 has 的宾语，宾语从句中缺少takes 的宾语。句意“贝克拥有成为一名职业足球运动员所需要的品质”4.【解析】A“_they lost the game.”在句子中做 the fact 的同位语从句,从句意思结构完整,结构完整。5.【解析】C 先将句子结构理清楚，it is _that has made him _he is today 就可以判断，第一个空是考察强调句型的特殊疑问形式；第二个空则是表语从句，表语从句中缺少he is 的表语。句意：病人好多了，是什么使得他成为现在这个样子。6.【解析】A 考生误以为是地点状语从句，误选Cwhere。而reached 是及物动词，后边接的是宾语从句，宾语从句除去插入语 they thought，应该缺主语。7.【解析】B 考察同位语从句，表达A plan的具体内容，has been put forward 将名词与从句隔开，加大了难度。8.【解析】C 主要测试主语从句。分析句子结构可知：句子属于形式主语格式；另外主句中缺少主语。双重作用的引导词只能是what。例如：It is still doubtful what he said at the meeting yesterday。昨天他在会上说的话仍然值得怀疑。9.【解析】C 主要测试同位语从句。由句子语境可知句意;有个新的问题卷入私家车行列：道路状况需要改进。结合同位语从句的定义可知：问题的具体内容既是：到了状况需要改进。因此属于该句型结构。例如：There was a new problemput forward at the meeting where we could get the loan。会议上提出一个新问题，我们到哪儿弄到贷款。10【解析】B主要测试主语从句和表语从句。分析句子结构可知：句子_ made the school proud 缺少主语，另外还要引导主语从句，故此只能选择what，由此先排除C、D两答案。再结合句子_ more that 90%of the students hadbeen admitted to key universities结构完整不缺少成分，只需要引导词。句子意思：让我们学校自豪的是百分之九十多的学生被重点大学录取。11.【解析】A 主要测试表语从句。此试题测试的重点在于表语从句及起引导词。句子意思：你仍在考虑昨天的比赛吗？哦，那正是让我感到兴奋的地方。可以利用排除法：B、C、D三个答案中结构或句子意思不符合语境。12.【解析】C主要测试表语从句。解题的关键在于分清句子中动词disagree的词性：不及物动词。句子意思：你说每个人应该平等，这正是我不同意的地方。13.【解析】A 主要测试宾语从句。充分把握题干挖掘所有可能存在的信息。意思：路上有积雪。我不理解他们为何坚持骑摩托车去。此题可以结合语境及答案两方面，逐一排查寻找最佳答案。充分注意所给答案能够充当句子什么成分这也是解题的关键。【学法导航】考生对于名词性从句的复习和应试关键要把握每个引导词的意义，因为在对于名词性从句的考查中，引导词在句子中都起作用，有意义，因此在分析句子结构，对比辨别名词性从句、状语从句、强调句式后，最后还是要选择引导词；另外还要注意以下几点：1what 引导词的考查，尤其位于介词后引导的宾语从句以及引导名词性从句时的双重作用。2Whether和if 的区别，尤其注意他们的不同之处。3名词性从句和其它从句的兼容结构测试。4.句子语序和时态。具体说：1.掌握名词性从句的分类功能名词性从句根据其在主句的功能作用又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1)若从句在句中作主语为主语从句What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.(NMET93)2.)若从句在句中作宾语为宾语从句I remember when this used to be a quiet village.(NMET93)3.)若从句在句中作表语为表语从句-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that why you had a few days off?(NMET99)4)若从句在句中作同位语为同位语从句We will discuss the question whether we will go there or not.2.掌握连词的含义及分类绝大多数名词性从句的连词都有其实在意义，称为有义连词，如what 表“的内容”，when 表“的时间”，where表“的地点”，why 表“的原因”，how 表“如何；怎样”，who 表“谁”，if、whether 表“是否”；没有实在意义的连词叫无义连词，无义连词只有that 一个。3.掌握名词性从句的语序名词性从句用陈述语序。4.掌握名词性从句和其它从句之间的关系有些连词除引导名词性从句外还可引导其它从句，应掌握它们之间的关系。1)if,whether 表是否时引导名词性从句；if 表“如果”时引导条件状语从句；whether 表“无论是否；不管是否”时引导让步状语从句。2)when 表“的时间”，where 表“的地方”时引导名词从句；when 表“当的时候”引导时间状语从句，where表“的地方”，且修饰行为动词时，引导地点状语从句；when,where 从句作定语修饰先行词时引导定语从句。【专题综合专题综合】1.we cannot figure out _quit a number of insects,birds,and animals are dying out.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when2.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.How3.Mary wrote an article on _the team had failed to win the game.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that4.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A.which;whereB.at which;whichC.at which;whereD.which;in which5.The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for _he thought was not enough.A whereB.howC.whatD.which6.A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which7.See the flag on top of the building?That was _ we did this morning.A whenB.whichC.whereD.what8 The government has announced that a modern city will be set up in _is still a wasteland now.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where9Many people wrote articles on _Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that10The couple are spending their holiday on _is described as one of the most beautiful islands.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where11The book is meant to _needs it.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whom12.In his speech,Premier Wen Jiabao points out that creativity is _it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.A.howB.whatC.whichD.that13The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth_ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by herprogressA.that whatB.whatC.thatD.what that14_has recently been done to provide more buses for the people,a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.A.ThatB.WhatC.In spite of what D.Though what15._is certain is _prevention is more important than treatment.A.It;thatB.What;thatC.As;whatD.What;what参考答案和解析：参考答案和解析：1.【解析】C figure out 后接宾语从句，根据从句要表达的意思“为什么很多昆虫，鸟，和动物在逐渐灭绝”2.【解析】B“our astronauts desire to do”是主语从句，从句中缺少do 的宾语3.【解析】A“the team had failed to win the game”是词 on 的宾语从句，从句中不缺主干，故排除B 和 C.再根据句意“为什么这个队没能赢”4.【解析】C“he bridge is supposed to be built”是定语从句，修饰名词place。“he cross-river traffic is the heaviest”组在句中做表语，表语从句引导词中没有in which，两空结合5.【解析】C.那位店主不愿意以他认为不够高的价格出售他的商品。本题考察宾语从句的用法。难度在于“he thought”的干扰。从句中缺少主语故选C.what6.【解析】C.句意：我脑海中突然出现一个温情的念头，用我的零花钱给妈妈买些鲜花作为她的生日礼物。本题考察名词性从句用法。I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.做 A warm thought 的同位语从句。中间被 suddenly came to me 隔开，增加了试题难度。此外，部分考生由于对同位语从句和定语从句不分，故错选D 为答案7.【解析】D 表语从句中缺 did 的宾语。8.【解析】A“_is still a wasteland now.”做介词 in 的宾语从句，从句中缺主语句意为：政府已经宣布一座现代化的城市将在这片现在仍是废墟的地方建成。9.【解析】A“_Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event.”做介词 on 的宾语，宾语从句中不缺主干，故排除B 和 C。另外 that 不引导介词的宾语从句（固定搭配除外），所以排除 D。10【解析】B“_is described as one of the most beautiful islands.”宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，11.【解析】B whoever 在宾语从句中做主语，部分学生，因为只看到介词to，误认为要添 whomever 做介词的宾语。12【解析】B“_it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.”做表语从句，从句中缺少 takes 的宾语，构成 it takes sth to dosth 结构。13【解析】A 本题句子结构比较复杂，“_ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress”做 a truth的同位语从句，同位语从句中_ a nation loses in times of disaster为主语从句。本句共有两个从句，故有两个引导词。句意为“中华民族的经验证明了一个真理，即，一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。14.【解析】C“_has recently been done to provide more buses for the people”在句中做让步状语,而 D.Though what 错误,因为,一个单一的从句不能用两个连词引导.句意:尽管在为人们提供更多公交车这件事上,投入了很多,但是公交工具的缺乏,仍然是个问题.15【解析】B“_is certain”在句中做主语,主语从句缺少一个主语,需要用 What;“_prevention is more important thantreatment.”系表语从句,句意与结构完整,只有 that,可以这样用。