2020年全国卷Ⅰ英语高考试卷及答案.pdf
绝密启用前20202020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷 I I）英英语语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分第一部分听力（共两节，满分听力（共两节，满分 3030 分）分）第二部分第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分阅读理解（共两节，满分 4040 分）分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A ATrain InformationTrain InformationAll customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possessionof a valid ticket before boarding.For ticket information,please ask atyour local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run asscheduled,there can be no guarantee of connections between trains orbetween train services and bus services.Lost propertyLost property（失物招领）（失物招领）Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost1on Queensland Rail services.The lost property office is open Monday toFriday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located（位于）at Roma Street station.Public holidaysPublic holidaysOn public holidays,generally a Sunday timetable operates.On certainmajor event days，i.e.Australia Day,Anzac Day,sporting and culturaldays,special additional services may operate.Christmas Day servicesoperate to a Christmas Day timetable.Before travel please .au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.Customers using mobility devicesCustomers using mobility devicesMany stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entranceto the station platforms.For assistance,please call Queensland Rail on13 16 17.Guardian trainsGuardian trains(outbound)DepartDepart6:42pm7:29pm8:57pm11:02pmOriginOriginAltandiCentralFortitude ValleyRoma StreetDestinationDestinationVarsity LakesVarsity LakesVarsity LakesVarsity LakesArriveArrive7:37pm8:52pm9:52pm12:22am21.What would you do to get ticket information?A.Call 13 16 17.B.Visit .au.D.Check the train schedule.C.Ask at the local station.22.At which station can you find the lost property office?A.Altandi.B.Roma Street.C.Varsity Lakes.D.Fortitude Valley.23.Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?A.6:42 pm.B.7:29 pm.C.8:57 pm.D.11:02 pm.2B BReturning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks withan old friend.Theres a welcome familiarity but also sometimes aslight suspicion that time has changed you both,and thus the relationship.But books dont change,people do.And thats what makes the act ofrereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the workis based on our present mental register.Its true,the older I get,themore I feel time has wings.But with reading,its all about the present.Its about thenow and what one contributes to the now,because readingis a give and take between author and reader.Each has to pull their ownweight.There are three books I reread annually.The first,which I take toreading every spring,is Ernest HemingwaysA MoveableFeast.Publishedin 1964,it s his classic memoir of 1920sParis.The language is almostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitiousyet simpler time.Another is Annie Dillard sHoly the Firm,her poetic1975 ramble(随笔)about everything and nothing.The third book is JulioCortazarsSave Twilight:Selected Poems,because poetry.And becauseCortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me asgifts,which might add to the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that,while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,rereading an authors workis the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the onesthat open further as time passes.But remember,its you that has to growand read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24.Why does the author like rereading?A.It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.3B.Its a window to a whole new world.C.Its a substitute for drinking with a friend.D.It extends the understanding of oneself.25.What do we know about the bookA Moveable Feast?A.Its a brief account of a trip.B.Its about Hemingways life as a young man.C.Its a record of a historic event.D.Its about Hemingways friends in Paris.26.What does the underlined wordcurrency in paragraph 4 refer to?A.Debt.B.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Face value.27.What can we infer about the author from the text?A.He loves poetry.B.Hes an editor.C.Hes very ambitious.D.He teaches reading.C CRace walking shares many fitness benefits with running,research shows,while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does,however,haveits own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes.The longest track and fieldevent at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk,which is aboutfive miles longer than the marathon.But the sports rules require thata race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing andone foot remain in contact(接触)with the ground at all times.Its thisstrange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity,however,4says Jaclyn Norberg,an assistant professor of exercise science at SalemState University in Salem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.According to most calculations,race walkers moving at a pace of six milesper hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里)per hour,which isapproximately twice as many as they would burn walking,although fewerthan running,which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories perhour.However,race walking does not pound the body as much as running does,Dr.Norberg says.According to her research,runners hit the ground withas much as four times their body weight per step,while race walkers,whodo not leave the ground,create only about 1.4 times their body weightwith each step.As a result,she says,some of the injuries associated with running,such as runners knee,are uncommon among race walkers.But the sport s strange form doesplace considerable stress on the ankles andhips,sopeople with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious inadopting the sport.In fact,anyone wishing to try race walking shouldprobably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn propertechnique,she says.It takes some practice.28.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A.They must run long distances.B.They are qualified for the marathon.C.They have to follow special rules.D.They are good at swinging their legs.29.What advantage does race walking have over running?5A.Its more popular at the Olympics.B.Its less challenging physically.C.Its more effective in body building.D.Its less likely to cause knee injuries.30 What is Dr.Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking?A.Getting experts opinions.B.Having a medical checkup.C.Hiring an experienced coach.D.Doing regular exercises.31.Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?A.Skeptical.C.Tolerant.B.Objective.D.Conservative.D DThe connection between people and plants has long been the subjectof scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.Astudy conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example,discovered that greenerareas of the city experienced less crime.In another,employees were shownto be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated withhouseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plantsin order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.Theseinclude plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show whentheyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals ingroundwater.Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace6functions of the things that we use every day,explained Michael Strano,a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow（发光）inexperiments using some common vegetables.Stranos team found that theycould create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light,aboutone-thousandth of the amount needed to read by,is just a start.Thetechnology,Strano said,could one day be used to light the rooms or evento turn tree into self-powered street lamps.In the future,the team hopes to develop a versionof the technologythat can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that wouldlast the plant s lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an onand off switchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed inthe US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remotehighway a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）.Glowingplants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.A new study of different plants.B.A big fall in crime rates.C.Employees from various workplaces.D.Benefits from green plants.33.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MITengineers?A.To detect plants lack of water.B.To change compositions of plants.7C.To make the life of plants longer.D.To test chemicals in plants.34.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A.They will speed up energy production.B.They may transmit electricity to the home.C.They might help reduce energy consumption.D.They could take the place of power plants.35.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Can we grow more glowing plants?B.How do we live with glowing plants?C.Could glowing plants replace lamps?D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceA Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seemstoo difficult and too far out of reach.36 Here s a handful of waysthat will set you in the right direction.37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you follow them?Are you hoping that eventually you will feelempowered because your life is better than theirs?Know that your lifeis your own;you are the only you in this world.Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often8ashamed of our shortcomings,our mistakes and our failures.38 Youwill make mistakes,time and time again.Rather than getting caught upin how you could have done better,why not offer yourself a compassionate(有同情心)response?That didnt go as planned.But,I tried my best.Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Beginto train your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of youraccomplishments and achievements.You have a job,earned your degree,andyou got out of bed today.39Now that youve listed your strengths,list your imperfections.Turn the page in your journal.Put into words why you feel unworthy,whyyou dont feel good enough.Now,read these words back to yourself.40Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.See how awesome you are?A.Feeling upset again?B.Where do you start?C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.D.Remember,you are only human.E Set an intention for self-acceptance.F.Stop comparing yourself with others.G.When does the comparison game start?第三部分第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分语言知识运用（共两节，满分 4545 分）分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Since our twins began learning to walk,my wife and I have kept telling9them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The 41 is obvious.If we 42 it is a door,theyll want to go outside 43 .It willdrive us crazy.The kids apparentlyknow the 44 .But our insistingits 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests toopen the door.I hate lying to the kids.One day they ll 47 and discover thateverything theyve always known about windows is a 48 .I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 .I have a very strong 51 that the lie were telling is doing 52damage to our children.Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical（比喻）meanings.Im telling them they cant open what they absolutelyknow is a door.What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door,like an opportunity（机会）of some sort,and 55 opening the door andtaking the opportunity,they just 56 it and wonder,What if it isnt a door?That is,What if it isnt a 57 opportunity?Maybe its an unreasonable fear.But the 58 is that I shouldn t lie to my kids.I should just 59 repeatedly having to say,No.We cant go outside now.Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they won t 60 to open them and walkthrough.41.A.relief42.A.admit43.A.gradually44.A.result45.A.merely46.A.reviewingB.targetB.believeB.constantlyB.dangerB.slightlyB.approvingC.reasonC.meanD.caseD.realizeD.casuallyD.truthD.partlyD.attemptingC.temporarilyC.methodC.hardlyC.receiving1 047.A.win out48.A.dream49.A.parentsB.give upB.lieB.twinsC.wake upC.fantasyD.stand outD.factD.teachersC.colleagues50.A.restrictionsB.explanations51.A.demand52.A.physicalB.fearB.biologicalC.differencesD.consequencesC.desireD.doubtD.behavioralD.originalD.historyC.spiritualC.doubleC.reply53.A.traditionalB.important54.A.lifeB.time55.A.by comparison with B.in addition toC.regardless of D.instead of56.A.get hold ofB.stare at57.A.realB.TypicalC.knock onC.similarD.make use ofD.limitedD.top secretD.acceptD.intend58.A.safety ruleB.comfort zoneC.bottom line59.A.delay60.A.hurryB.regret B.decideC.enjoyC.hesitate第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the farside of the moon.The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)the name wasinspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch)down lastweek in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moon s far side is62 (extreme)challenging.Because the moons body blocks direct radiocommunication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbitabove the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular641 1(interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so 65 the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope touse the instruments onboard Chang e-4 66 (find)and study areas ofthe South Pole-Aitken basin.This really excites scientists,CarlePieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,because it 67 (mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon68(construct).Data about the moons composition,such as how 69 iceand other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether 70(it)plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical.第四部分第四部分写作（共两节，满分写作（共两节，满分 3535 分）分）第一节短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.I like eating fryingtomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must to be easy to cook.My mom toldme how to preparing it.First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put themaside.Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly withchopstick.After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove.1 2I waited patiently unless t
