一个陌生女人的来信写作手法分析》.doc

一个陌生女人的来信写作手法分析摘 要斯蒂芬·茨威格生于奥地利，一个陌生女人的来信是其代表作，这部作品讲述了一个女人终其一生爱着一个风流成性、游戏人间的小说家，但在小说家的世界里，她只是一个过客，所以对这个男人来说，她永远是一个陌生的女人；她在生命的最后时刻，拖着病体用一封信记录下了自己悲惨的一生。在这篇论文中，研究了茨威格对女性形象的独特描写手法以及我们能从中得到的有用的写作技巧；从小说女主人公可悲的人生经历中反思人道主义悲剧、找寻自我存在的价值；文学作品普遍具有象征意义，在爱情的掩映下，其实是作者内心的自述，这篇小说就是作者的代言人，我们能在其中看到世界大战之后知识分子迷茫的、难以捉摸的精神状况。本论文共分为五章，分别从作者的身世经历与作品的故事情节、女性形象分析、人物心理描写、人道主义悲剧和作者茨威格的内心世界五个角度对这部小说进行了解读。关键词：情感； 象征手法； 女性形象； 潜意识iiThe Analysis of the Writing Techniques of Letter from an Unknown WomanABSTRASTStefan Zweig was born in Austria, Letter from an Unknown Woman is his representative work. The novel tells the story of a woman loves a romantic and dissolute novelist all her life, but in the novelists world, she is just a passer-by. So for this man, she will always be an “unknown woman”. At the end of her life, She dragged her sick body with a letter to record her miserable life. In this paper, Zweigs unique depiction of female images and useful writing skills can be researched. From the tragic life experience of the heroine of the novel, we can reflect on the humanitarian tragedy and find the value of our own existence. Literary works are generally of symbolic significance. Under the shadow of love, they are actually the authors inner narration. This novel is the authors spokesman, in which we can see the confused and elusive mental state of intellectuals after the world war.The thesis has five chapters in all. To understand and read the novel from the authors life experience and the plot of the work, the analysis of female image, the psychological description of characters, the humanitarian tragedy and the author Zweigs inner world five perspectives.Key words: emotion; symbolism; female image; subconsciousTable of Contents摘 要iABSTRASTiiI. Introduction11.1 Authors Status11.2 Authors Background11.3 The Content of Letter from an Unknown Woman3II. Female Image Analysis52.1 Adolescence - Curiosity52.2 Youth - Infatuation62.3 Mature Period - Unrequited Love8III. Characteristics and Psychological Portrayal Skills93.1 Emotion93.2 Loyalty103.3 Struggle10IV. The Humanitarian Spirit in the Novel13V. The Inner World Feeling of Zweig15VI. Epilogue16Reference17Acknowledgments18I. Introduction1.1 Authors StatusStefan Zweig is an outstanding Austrian writer. His novel Letter from an Unknown Woman is popular with readers from all over the world, because of its poignant and amazing love story, elegant language narrative, delicate and complex emotional description and other artistic features. This is a masterpiece across the times and the country. The tone of Zweigs works is realistic, and the best technique is the delicate psychological description.Someone recognized that Zweigs novels scored not with “numerous characters, vast historical backgrounds, ”colorful pictures of customs and intricate storylines”, but “with vagaries of fierce inner struggle, that is, the vagaries of emotional ups and downs”. The above characteristics, together with the authors extraordinary life, provide basis for the multi-interpretation of Zweigs novels. In this paper, through the study of the writing techniques in Letter from an Unknown Woman, it explores the narrative structure of Zweigs novels and the techniques of depicting the characters and psychology. It also embodies the humanitarian thought in Zweigs works and his own spiritual appeal.1.2 Authors BackgroundZweigs creation and life is a paradox. He is known as the worlds most woman-knowing writer, but has so far made feminists unhappy; he was hailed as “the worlds leading writer” but never won any literary prizes; he wrote 12 biographies closely related to politics, but called himself “dont ask politics”. His works are exquisite in the character shaping and psychological portrayal of the character, write the human pride, vanity, jealousy and hatred, but still cannot overcome the fragility of human nature, let his own life fall in an instant. On February 23, 1942, Zweig and his wife took a drug to suicide in Brazil.Born in 1881 in Vienna, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Zweig educated from an early age, he published poetry in a journal in Vienna at the age of 16. From 1907 to World War I, he matured in his creation. During the First World War, many well-known European writers failed to shake off the influence of narrow nationalism and chauvinism, and only a few people who kept their heads down and stuck to their anti-war stances, Zweig was one of them. The 20 years after World War I were Zweigs period of golden writings and he also wrote other popular novels such as biographies of celebrities such as Roman Roland and Letter from an Unknown Woman.The tone of Zweigs work is realist, and the best technique is the delicate psychological description. Gorky gives the crown of “the worlds most women-savvy writer” to Zweig, “I was deeply moved by this short - Letter from an Unknown Woman, the surprisingly sincere tone, the supreme warmth of women, the originality of the subject, and the expressiveness that only real artists have”, he wrote in his letter to Zweig. Zweigs works, especially his novels, mainly focus on the theme of “emotion, passion, eroticism, women and tragedy”. By describing the inner world of the characters, Zweig shows various sentiment and rich emotional activities and psychological states, which are in harmony with the aesthetic expectations of Chinese readers. These novels either focus on the psychological analysis of the budding youth of young boys and girls, or record the painful and miserable confession of the hearts of adult men and women who commit the crime of passion driven by passion, or describe the bitter memories of the intense emotional process of old men and women. In Zweigs works, the reader finds a strange and attractive emotional world” and resonates with them.1.3 The Content of Letter from an Unknown WomanZweigs novel describes the unattached love, the protagonists lifelong obsession reflects her unique aesthetic care, from which we can experience the infinite tragic sentiment. Zweig recorded in a delicate and plaintive style, like an electrocardiogram. From the curious mind of an innocent girl, to the shy and frightened infatuation of awakening love, to the anxiety of encounter, the joy of commitment, the secret love of contempt for losing ones virginity, to the loneliness of raising a child and the humiliation and bullying of poverty. The unknown woman took this unrequited love to the extreme. The whole reason for her curiosity, infatuation, and unrequited love in the emotional world lies in the irrational unconscious control of her heart. The unconscious is something one is not aware of, but it affects peoples psychology and behaviour. Driven by instinct and desire, the unknown woman acts unconsciously, regardless of the consequences, goes her way, until she bumps her head in front of the cruel reality, still refuses to look back.This novel is one of the mazes of the minds of many characters created by Zweigs use of psychology and realism. The novel tells the story of an unknown woman loves a strange novelist R from her 13-year-old childhood to 30-year-old womanhood, but in the novelists world, she is just a passer-by. So for this man, she will always be an “unknown woman”. At the end of her life, She dragged her sick body with a letter to record her miserable life. The story is in the form of a first-person letter. In the novel, an unknown woman gives her life to a novelist who knows nothing about it. When the son of the unknown leaves and she dies soon after, she writes to the novelist who has never known herself, tells him about her short lifes love for R.“As a reader, I lack the patience, any words that are out of place, complicated, exaggerated, any vague, redundant rap, and plot-by-plot passages that make me angry. Only those books that kept the plot running high, page by page, and that were thrilling and breathless until the last page what can gave me the fullest enjoyment.” Zweig once said. And he is also using such a standard to ask his own works, Letter from an Unknown Woman like a skit thats concise without losing the taste. In the letter, the womans words and phrases reveal the sadness and strength of love; the womans tone is sad, because her story in the life of her loved one is not worth mentioning. However, the process of love is so passionate, hit the depths of the heart.At the end of the story, the child died and the womans fire of life went out. The author put down the letter, “he shuddered, feeling as if an invisible door had been suddenly opened, a door through which a chill breeze from another world was blowing into his sheltered room. An intimation of death came to him, and an intimation of deathless love”. The heartrending story, like a ricer, dried up in Zweigs quiet pen.II. Female Image Analysis2.1 Adolescence - CuriosityFreud believed that children began to seek sexual objects from the outside world during the period of object selection of sexual development. For young children, this object is first and foremost a parent. The heroines father died young, and her mother was depressed all day; there was no trusted person around to care for her, listen to her thoughts. In this way, the heroine developed an unconscious but very strong longing for fathers love or the tenderness of men. In that case, R appeared. In the face of a handsome, strange mans arrival, the heroine watched his every move from the beginning. After a chance encounter, Rs unconscious caressing eyes, bright smile, kind words of thanks were like a key to the heart of a 13-year-old girl. His gentle and attentive attitude towards women made the heroine feel different tenderness compared with maternal love. The deep tenderness of a seductive man exactly satisfied a girls unconscious desire and longing. At the same time, it found a breakthrough for the emotional vent of the heroines deep resentment. “Henceforward in my restricted world, you were the only thing that interested me; that my life revolved round yours with the fidelity proper to a girl of thirteen, I watched you, watched your habits, watched the people who came to see you-and all this increased instead of diminishing my interest in your personality.” From that moment, her life was just for him. 2.2 Youth - InfatuationAccording to Freud, many of peoples wishes, especially their desires, are suppressed into the unconscious because they are not in line with the social moral standards. Therefore, when the examination function is relaxed in sleep, the desires sneak into the consciousness in various and disguised images and thus become dreams. In other words, as ones desires are not satisfied in reality, one takes a circuitous route to sleep.In the period of time away from Vienna, the unknown womans affection for R has been from the juvenile curiosity to the extent of infatuation. At the age of 18, the unknown woman was already in her prime. She turned down the generous support from her adoptive father and left her stable and comfortable. She returned to Vienna for love and made a living by herself. The first thing an independent unknown woman does was go back to her old place and look for R. From a little girl into a beautiful woman who now exudes feminine breath, the thoughts of unknown woman into the stage of mature woman. Time passed, but the heroines love for R did not change. Everything she did for R was of his own free will. She acted without thinking, full of passion and impulsive. The heroine is always with an equal, strong mentality in love with him. She could have told R all this earlier, but she didnt. She did not want to beg or force it, because it was more important than her life. Everyone has a shadow personality hidden in the subconscious. The unknown woman will hide her deep affection in her own subconscious, and show it is humble obedience. Therefore, from beginning to end the unknown woman is a single type of giving, this kind of secret love is a typical form of unrequited love. Unrequited love is when the other person doesnt know you love him or her. It often happens to introverts who feel unattainable when they love the other person. So, after a carefully choreographed encounter, she spends three nights with R, and when R tries to escape in the name of an outing, she quietly leaves without complaining. 2.3 Mature Period - Unrequited LoveFreud points out that in the experience of losing ones beloved, accepting the attributes of the other, and perpetuating the existence of the other through the magical act of imitation, the loss of ones desire, the pain of the beloved other, and trying to accommodate that other into the structure of the self through a special act of identification.The heroine had the novelists son, but she did not tell R, for she was afraid that R would be unhappy and disturb Rs mind, thus casting a shadow on their love. She gave up the chance to be a countess in order to remain free at all times, so that she and R could resume their old dream and be a unique lover forever.The depiction of female image is more detailed than that of other images, and the proportion of psychological depiction is higher. “I love, but none of your business.” This popular Goethe love classic is reflected to the extreme in this novel, the image of women in love is vividly displayed.“Cant be able to accept yourself” is a kind of psychological trauma, it is the result of a persons growing process of sustained denial and damage. The most important lesson in our life is to learn to accept yourself. You cant love yourself unless you accept yourself.A person who does not appreciate herself is difficult to be happy. The heart of an unhappy man cannot be free. Unhappy people, please take action! Dont depend on others to make you happy. We should consciously give ourselves self-confidence. Say to yourself: I love myself, I respect my every thought, I believe in myself, I am worthy, I deserve to be treated well by my lover.III. Characteristics and psychological Portrayal Skills3.1 EmotionSomeone recognized that the novel is an emotional story, it sings beautiful and extreme love. Flower girl falls in love with new neighbor residence secretly - a “rich, unique, mysterious” young author, with many beautiful books. This “unknown woman” regards love as life, and the warm pure passion that fills her heart is the driving force of her life. In that age of materialism, playing with love is bad feelings have become commonplace. From the beginning to end, she loved so purely without impurity, girls infatuation is different from greedy love. She loved so passionately and freely that her heart burst into flames when he looked at her. When she grew up, she loved such stubborn and self-respecting. She wa