2018全国Ⅰ-英语高考真题(已校对).pdf

第二部分第二部分阅读理解阅读理解(共两节，满分共两节，满分 4040 分）分）第一节(共 15 小题:每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington,D.C Bicycle ToursWashington,D.C Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in WashingtonCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D D。C C。Duration:3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world famous cherry trees withbeautiful flowers of Washington D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees andthe famous monuments where they blossom。Reserve your spot before availability-and thecherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D。C。Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares uniquefacts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike，helmet,cookies and bottled water。Capital City Bike Tour in WashingtonCapital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.CD.CDuration:3 hoursMorning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and localslooking to experience Washington,D.C。in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeableguides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route（路线）make cycling betweenthe sites fun and relaxing。Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours（7 miles）Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C。Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and theNational Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts andhistory。Tour includes bike，helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflectivevests and safety lights.21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A。Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D。C。B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour。C。Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.CD。Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour？A.Meet famous people.B。Go to a national park。C.Visit wellknown museums.D。Enjoy interesting stories.23。Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide？A.City maps。B。Cameras.C。Meals.D.Safety lights.B BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,butshe is cooking up a storm in her latest role-showing families how to prepare delicious andnutritious meals on a tight budget。In Save Money：Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chefMatt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5per family a day.And theGood Morning Britain presenter says shes been able toput a lot ofwhat shes learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons，Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack，11。“We love Mexican churros so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeawayrestaurant,”she explains。I pay 5for a portion（一份)，but Matt makes them for 26p aportion,because they are flour，water,sugar and oil。Everybody can buy takeaway food，butsometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves。The eightpart series（系列节目)，Save money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps ofITVs Save Money:Good Health，which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vastrange of health products on the market。With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with adifferent family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need ofsome delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the familys long weekend ofcelebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes。24。What do we know about Susanna Reid?A。She enjoys embarrassing her guests。B.She has started a new programme.C。She dislikes working early in the morning。D。She has had a tight budget for her family。25.How does Matt Tebbutt help SusannaA。He buys cooking materials for her。B。He prepares food for her kids。C。He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her。26。What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4？A.Summarize the previous paragraphs。B。Provide some advice for the readers.C。Add some background information。D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A。Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC。Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there hasbeen less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated byhuntergatherers，small，tightly knit(联系）groups developed their own patterns of speechindependent of each other。Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when theworld had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and theirlanguages too became more settled and fewer in number。In recent centuries,trade，industrialisation，the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsoryeducation,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all havecaused many languages to disappear,and dominantlanguages such as English，Spanish andChinese are increasingly taking over.At present，the world has about 6,800 languages。The distribution of these languages ishugely uneven。The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spokenby many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.Europe hasonly around 200 languages;the Americas about 1，000;Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacificperhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The mediannumber(中位数）of speakers is mere 6，000，which means that half the worlds languages arespoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，withonly a few elderly speakers left。Pick，at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remainingspeakers），Chiapaneco in Mexico（150)，Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three）orWadjigu in Australia（one,with a question-mark）:none of these seems to have much chance ofsurvival.28。What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?A。They developed very fastB。They were large in numberC.They had similar patternsD。They were closely connected29。Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2？A。ComplexB.AdvancedC.Powerful。D。Modern30。How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？A。About 6，800B，About 3，400C。About 2，400D.About 1,20031.What is the main idea of the text?A。New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages。C.Human development results in fewer languages。D Geography determines language evolution。DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight ofsomething shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices（装置)wellafter they go out of style。Thats bad news for the environment-and our wallets as theseoutdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things。To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues atthe Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for eachproduct throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s。Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers，basic mobile phones,and box-set TVsdefined 1992。Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997。And MP3 players，smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007。As we accumulated more devices，however，we didnt throw out our old ones。Theliving-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，”said one researcher。The average number ofelectronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007。Were not just keepingthese old devices-We continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,olddesktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energyconsumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling duringthe 1992 to 2007 window.So what s the solution（解决方案）?The team s data only went up to 2007，but theresearchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with newelectronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TVviewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs anddesktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44.32。What does the author think of new devices?A。They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home。D。They go out of style quickly.33。Why did Babbitts team conduct the research？A。To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product。C。To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices。34.Which of the following uses the least energy？A。The boxset TV.B.The tablet。C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.35。What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A。Stop using themB.Take them apartC.Upgrade them。D。Recycle them。第二节（共 5 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home design-something youll always have in every room.A grasp ofhow to manage color in your spaces in one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in.Do you want a room thats full of life？Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relaxafter a long day？36 _，color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feelOver the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designersapproach this important point。37,they can get a little complex。But good news is thatthereer really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home：thesmall ones，the medium ones，and the large ones。_38_，Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows，mirrors and baskets thatmost of us use to add visual interest to our rooms。Less tiring than painting your walls and lessexpensive than buying a colorful sofa，small color choices bring with them the significant benefitof being easily changeable。Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas，dinner tables orbookshelves。39.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones，and they have amore powerful effect on the feeling of a space。The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls，ceilings,and floors.Whetheryoure looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it aresignificant.40_。A.While all of them are usefulB。Whatever youre looking forC。If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE。its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG。Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45 分)第一节(共 20 小题;每小题 1。5 分，满分 30 分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department wasoffering a“free course,called Thinking Chess，for three credits。I41the idea of taking theclass because，after all,who doesnt want to42a few dollars?More than that，Id alwayswanted to learn chess。And,even if I werent43enough about free credits，news aboutour44was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which45Iwould be learning from one of the games 46I could hardly wait to47him。Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach，and this48was no game for him；he meant business.In his introduction,he made it49that our creditswould be hard-earned.In order to50the class among other criteria,we had to write a paperon how we plan to51what we would learn in class to our future professions and52。toour lives.I managed to get an A in that53and leaned life lessons that have served me wellbeyond the54。Ten years after my chess class with Ashley，I m still putting to use what he55me：“theabsolute most important56that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57.Onevery single move you have to58a situation,process what your opponent（对手）is doingand59 the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my60as a journalist。41。A。put forwardB.jumped atC。tried outD。turned down42。A wasteB.earnC.saveD。pay43。A。excitedB.worriedC.movedD。tired44。A。titleB。competitorC.textbookD.instructor45。A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD。meant46.A。fastestB.easiestC。bestD。rarest47。A。interviewB。meetC.challengeD。beat48.A。chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job49。A。realB。perfectC.clearD.possible50。A。attendB。passC。skipD。observe51.A.addB.exposeC。applyD。compare52。A。eventuallyB.naturallyC。directlyD。normally53。A。gameB.presentationC。courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC。departmentD.situation55.A。taughtB。wroteC.questionedD.promised56。A。factB。stepC.mannerD。skill57。A。GradesB.DecisionsC.ImpressionsD.comments58.A。analyzeB。describeC。rebuildD.control59.A.announceB。signalC.blockD。evaluate60。A.roleB。desireC。concernD。behaviorior第二节第二节（共（共 1010 小题小题;每小题每小题 1 1。5 5 分，满分分，满分 1515 分）分）阅读下面短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入在空白处填入 1 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years _61_（long)than non-runners,You dont have to run fast or for long_62_（see）the benefit。Youmay drink，smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of _63_(die）early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it _64_（be）moreeffective at lengthening life _65_ walking，cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of thereview also made a study published in 2014_66_showed a mere five to 10 minute a day ofrunning reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_（cause）。The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise。.its probably running。To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to _68_(strength）your legmuscles(肌肉）,avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and itsalways_69_(energy）。If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get thesame benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give_70_ a try。第四部分第四部分写作写作(共两节，满分共两节，满分 3535 分）分）第一节短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（),并在其下面写出该加的词.删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉.修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2。只允许修改 10 处,多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit mygrandparents。I find a big change there。Th