2018高考真题英语-全国卷I卷.pdf
20212021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一测试全国卷 1 1英语第二局部阅读理解共两节,总分值 4040 分第一节共 15 小题；每题 2分,总分值 30分阅读以下短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C和 D四个选项中,选出最正确选项,并在做题卡上将该项 涂黑.A AWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.CCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.CDuration:3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowersof Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments wherethey blossom.Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms 一 disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours 4 milesJoin a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore themonuments and memorials on the National Mail as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,DCCapital City Bike Tour in Washington,DCDuration:3 hoursMorning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking toexperience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain youwith the most interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikes and asmooth tour route路线make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours 7 milesJoin a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up closeto the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capital Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops aremake for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottledwater.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bike Tour.22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meet famous people.B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following doesthe bicycle tour at nightprovide?Cameras.A.City maps.B.C.Meals.D.Safety lights.Good Morning Britain9s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she iscooking up a storm in her latest role-showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tightbudget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef MattTebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice inher own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13.and Jack,11We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant/sheexplains,UI pay 5 is for a portion 一份,but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food.But sometimes were not aware how cheaply we canmake this food ourselves.The eight-part series 系列节目,Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITV*s SaveMoney:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health productson the market.With food our biggest weekly household expenses,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different familyeach week.In tonight Faster special,they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration ona budget.The team transfbniis the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tastyrecipes.24.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.25.How doesMatt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for the discussion.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for LesscLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been lesscoming and a lot more going.When the world was sill populated by hunter-gatherers,small tightly knit 联系groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believethat 10000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 1200 languagesbetween them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages toobecame more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialization,the development of thenation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalization and bettercommunications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languagessuch as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about 6800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.Thegeneral rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wetzones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about1000;Africa 2400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts forwell over 800.The median number 中位数of speakers is a mere 6000,which means that half the world slanguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderlyspeakers left.Pick,at random,Busum in Cameroon(eight remaining Speaker),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark)none ofthese seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.29.Which of the following best explains“dominant“underlined in paragiaph 2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6000 people at present?A.About 6800B.About 3400C.About 2400D.About 120031.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in fewer languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.DWe may tliiiik were a culture that gets nd of our worn teclmology at the first sight of something shiny andnew,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style.Thatsbad news for the environment-and our wallets-as these outdated devices consume much more energy thanthe news ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using.Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at theRochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughoutits life-from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readoutfor how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktopcomputers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showedup in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.The living-room televisionis replaced and gets planted in the kids room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of thehouse,said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old devices-we continue to use them.According to the analysis ofBabbitf s team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with theirenergy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992to 2007 window.So whats the solution(解决方案)?The teams date only went up to 2007,but the researchers also exploredwhat would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that more on demand environment viewingon tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption ofthe devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.C.The LCD TV.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.C.Upgrade them.第二节共 5 5 小题；每题 2 2 分,总分值 1010 分B.The tablet.D.The desktop computer.B.Take them apart.D.Recycle them.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Color is fundamental in home design-something youll always have in every room.A giasp of how tomanage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live iii.Do you want aroom thats full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?36 color isthe key to make a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach thisimportant point.37,they can get a little complex.But good news is that there h e really only threekinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and thelarge ones.38.Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows,minors and baskets that most of us usedto add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorfulsofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofa,dinner tables or bookshelves.39 Theyrequire a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decision in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Wliether youre lookingat wall paper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.40.A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever yotfre looking fbrC.If youre expenmenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三局部 语言知识运用共两节,总分值 4545 分第一节完型填空共 20小题；每题 1.5 分,总分值 30 分阅读下面的短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项,并在做题卡上将该项涂黑.Dunng my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a 唯 eecourse,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I _41 the idea of taking the class because,after all,whodoesnt want to_42 _a few dollars?More than that,Id always wanted to leam chess.And,even if Iwerent _43_ enough about fiee credits,news about our_44_was appealing enough to me.He was aniiitemational grandmaster,which _45_I wound be leaming from one of the games _46_.I could hardly wait to_47_him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this _48was no game forhim:he meant business.In his introduction,he made it _49that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to_50 the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to _51 what we would learnin class to our future professions and _52 to our lives.I managed to get an A in that _53 and learn lifelessons that have served me well beyond the _54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,Im still putting to use what he _55_ me:The absolutemost important _56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good _57.On every single moveyou have to _58 a situation,process what your opponent 对手is doing and _59 the best move fromamong all your options.These words still ring true today in my _60 as a journalist.41.A.put forwardB.jumped atC.tried outD.turned down42.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleD.B.competitorC.textbookinstructorD.45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldmeant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest47.A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorjob49.A.realB.perfectC.cleai-D.possible50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二节(共 1010 小题；每题 L5L5 分,总分值 1515 分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,njnners live three years 61(long)than non-nimiers.You dont have to run fast or for long 62(see)the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and stillreduce your risk of 63(die)early by running.While mmiing regularly cant make you live forever,the says it 64(be)more effective at lengthening life65 walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2021 66showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all67(cause).Tlie best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But othenvise.its probably running.To avoid kneepain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and getgood numing shoes.Running is cheap,easy and its always 69(energy).If you are time poor,you need run foronly half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.第四局部写作(共两节,总分值 3535 分)第一节 短文改错(共 10小题；每题 1 分,总分值 10 分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有 10处语 言错误,每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(A),并在其下面写出该加的词.删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉.修改：在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词.注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改 10 处,多考(从第 11处起)不计分.During my last winter holiday,I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a bigchange there.The first time I went the
