1983年考研英语试题真题及答案解析.docx

1983年研究生入学考试英语试题Section Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C and D. Choose the correct one and circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)EXAMPLE:Bill came to work at the University thirty years today.A. since B. before C. fromD. agoANSWER: D.In the 20th century chemists have learned to make 31 of new compounds that never existed 32. Many of them are useful to industry. Industry also found new uses 33 old, wellknown 34 such as mercury, arsenic, and lead. We have learned to use radioactive substances in manufacturing electrical power, and some materials used in medicine. Many of these substances are poisonous to people. Accidentally or 35 purpose, many of them are discharged into streams and lakes. Birds and fish are killed by them. In some 36 people have been killed or 37 by them. In some countries, many people were killed by eating fish that had lived in water contaminated with mercury; 38 others were crippled 39 life. There is no solution at present 40 the problem of water pollution by many different kinds of industrial wastes. Ideally, all the wastes should be collected and used again.31. A. the thousandB. thousandsC. a thousandD. one thousand32. A. earlierB. earlyC. agoD. before33. A. forB. toC. ofD. with34. A. thingsB. mattersC. substancesD. materials35. A. inB. withC. onD. for36. A. casesB. conditionsC. situationsD. environments37. A. got sickB. fell sickC. became sickD. made sick38. A. moreB. stillC. theD. most39. A. inB. ofC. forD. by40. A. ofB. inC. aboutD. to Section Reading Comprehension Directions: Each sentence below is followed by four statements. One of the statements is a suggestion which can be made from the information given in the original sentence. Read the sentences carefully and circle your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points) EXAMPLE:What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richards anything but common. A. Mrs. Richards is very obvious. B. Mrs. Richards is an unusual person. C. Mrs. Richards is anything she wants to be. D. Mrs. Richards is quite ordinary. ANSWER: B. 41. Dr. Smith made a long speech in which he implied that he was a friend of the Deans. A. Dr. Smith was not a friend of the Deans. B. Dr. Smith gave a talk in which he said he was a friend of the Deans. C. Dr. Smith suggested in his speech that he was a friend of the Deans. D. Dr. Smith made a moving speech in which he said that he was a friend of the Deans. 42. Reading between the lines, I should say the scientists are disappointed at the outcome of the research project, though they will not openly admit it. A. The scientists admit that their research project is a failure. B. The scientists are not satisfied with the outcome of the research project. C. The scientists deny that the outcome of the research project is a failure. D. The outcome of the research project is not a failure. 43. John and I did not see each other very often, but whenever I was in trouble he always came to me and offered his help. A. I was often in trouble. B. John was a true friend of mine. C. John came to see me only when I was in trouble. D. Time and again John came to my help. 44. When he entered the room, we all stopped talking and glanced at each other uneasily.A. We were all afraid of him.B. We all respected him. C. He was a friend of ours.D. He was an opponent to all of us. 45. It is a tale which holds children from play, and old men from the chimney corner. A. The children are players.B. The story is fascinating. C. The old men are sitting near the chimney corner. D. The tale is about children and old men. Section EnglishChinese Translation Directions: Choose either of the following two passages and translate it into Chinese. (25 points) (1)Let us suppose that you are in the position of a parent. Would you allow your children to read any book they wanted to without first checking its contents? Would you take your children to see any film without first finding out whether it is suitable for them? If your answer to these questions is “yes”, then you are just plain irresponsible. If your answer is “no”, then you are exercising your right as a parent to protect your children from what you consider to be undesirable influences. In other words, by acting as an examiner yourself, you are admitting that there is a strong case for censorship. Now, of course, you will say that it is one thing to exercise censorship where children are concerned and quite another to do the same for adults. Children need protection and it is the parents responsibility to provide it. But what about adults? Arent they old enough to decide what is good for them? The answer is that many adults are, but dont make the mistake of thinking that all adults are like yourself. Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good. Some people think that it is a shame that a censor should interfere with works of art. But we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being “works of art”. When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art”. One of the great things that censorship does is to prevent certain people from making fat profits by corrupting the minds of others. To argue in favour of absolute freedom is to argue in favour of anarchy. Society would really be the better if it were protected by correct censorship. (2)If the sun has enough power to warm and light the whole earth, it must have enough power to do other things, too. Can we use the suns abundant energy to supply electricity, or at least to perform the functions which electricity or other types of power usually perform? The answer is yes. For example, people have for many years been using the reflected heat of the sun to cook by. Solar cookers have been built with several curved mirrors reflecting the sun and focusing its heat on the cooking element. This apparatus can be used just like a gas or electric stove; it is more expensive to make but it does not need any fuel, and so costs nothing to use. Another possibility of using solar energy is in househeating. The form of energy we use most is electricity, and every day more is needed. But electricity has to be made, too, and to make it huge quantities of fuel are requiredoil, coal, gas and nowadays even uranium. The question which worries everyone today is: how long will these fuels last? Nobody knows for sure, but most experts think it will soon be difficult to obtain sufficient electricity from these sources. It is possible that the sun can make a contribution here, too. Solar power has already been used to produce terrific heat. In Southern France a solar furnace has been built, where temperatures reach more than 3000° Centigrade. This furnace is only used for experiments at present, but could be used to produce steam for a power station. So it is possible that one day in the near future we will depend on solar furnaces and power stations to provide our electrical needs. Or perhaps each home will have a solar generator to provide power for lighting and heating.