it的用法及强调结构(附常见考点解析及精选练习题).doc

it的用法及强调结构I. 作代词1. 用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物（是同一物）。 My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better.2. 代词it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面提到的整个事情。 Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but it didnt help. (but连接两个并列分句，而不是非限制性定语从句，用it) The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect. （前面用逗号隔开，没有并列连词，是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句所表达的内容，用which不用it）3. 用来代替指示代词this,that.- Whats this ? - Its a book.4. 表示时间、距离、天气、价值等。Its ten oclock now.（指时间）-How far is it from here to the station? -It's about two kilometers.（指距离）It is rather cold today, isn't it?（指天气）-What's the cost of the dictionary? -It is twenty dollars.（指价值）5. 可用来指做某个动作的人或与某事有关系的人。- Who is making such a noise ? - It must be the children.II. 引导词it 1. 作形式主语，代替由不定式短语、动名词短语或从句表示的真正主语。 It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. It is no use arguing with him. It is no good going there. It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.2. 作形式宾语，代替由不定式短语、动名词短语或从句表示的真正宾语(这些宾语之后有宾补，才可这样用，否则不行)。He thought it no use doing that.He feels it his duty to help others.They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.注意： it作形式宾语还有一种特殊用法，少数动词：如like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciate, dont mind等或包含介词的动词短语：如see to（负责）, depend on（依靠）,be fond of, feel like等，后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句，常见的句型有：I like (enjoy, hate) it when.I would appreciate it ifsee to (depend on) it thatIll see to it that everything is ready. 我将负责把一切都准备好。I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. Id appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.3. 用在强调结构中，其结构为： It is /was+被强调部分+that/who-clause1). 可以强调主语、宾语或状语；it本身没有词义，只用来构成这个句型；指现在用is, 指过去用was; that可以指物，也可以指人，who只用来指人，偶尔也用whom指人（强调宾语时）。Yesterday he met an old friend in the park. 强调主语： It was he that/who met an old friend in the park yesterday. 强调宾语： It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday. 强调时间状语： It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park. 强调地点状语： It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.2). 强调句型的基础知识：. 强调地点状语不用where，时间状语不用when，方式状语不用how，原因状语不用why，都要用that. It was for this reason that he left that school. (原因状语) It was in this way that he solved the problem. （方式状语）. 也可以是状语从句被强调：It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty. （时间状语从句）It was because she got up late that she didnt catch the first bus. （原因状语从句）. 被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who/that后的谓语在人称和数上应和原句的主语一致。 It is Mary who often does good deeds. 强调句型可以是个否定句： It was not I that met your father in the street. 判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法： 如果将句中的It is/wasthat/who去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句，否则，就不是。 It was in todays newspaper that we found the news.We found the news in todays newspaper. (句子意思完整，所以上句是强调句). 强调一般疑问句中的某一个成分时，要用一般疑问句的语序，把is/was提前。Did this happen in Beijing ?Was it in Beijing that this happened ?Wasnt it he that had made a mistake ?. 特殊疑问句只有疑问词可以强调： 疑问词+is/was it +that-clause ? Where were you born ? Where was it that you were born ?. 强调句型的系动词除了用is/was外，还可以在其前面加上may/might/must等表示推测的情态动词。 It might be him that you met yesterday. 在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。It was in Beihai Park _ they made a date for the first time _ the old couple told us their love story. A. where, that B. that, that C. where, when D. that, when选A.第一个空后是定语从句，缺地点状语，用where, 第二个空才是强调句型的that. 又如：It was on July 7th, 1975 when he was born that his father died.4. not.until.的强调句型： It is / was not until 时间状语 that-clauseNot until+时间状语+（主句的）倒装句I didnt realize she was a film star until she took off her dark glass.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star.注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till和until可通用。因为句型中It is / was not.已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。 5. 谓语动词的强调 如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do / does或did。Do come again.He did write to you last week.Do be careful when you cross the street.注意：此种强调只用do / does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。III. 常见考点及热点问题1. 把强调句型与非强调句型弄混It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.It was at eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema. A. which B. that C. when D. on which选C、B 第一个句子中的eleven oclock作表语，而非时间状语，这不是一个强调句型，when引导的是时间状语从句。第二个句子多了介词at, at eleven oclock 作时间状语，这是一个强调句型，因此选B。下面这两个句子也是强调句型：It was after eleven oclock that they went out of the cinema.It was before eleven oclock that they went out of the cinema.再比较下面这两个句子：It is autumn when leaves fall. (非强调句型)It is in autumn that leaves fall.（强调句型）选出正确选项：1). It will soon be five years _ we came to live in Cairo. A. that B. when C. since D. as选C。此题不是考查强调句，而是考查since的用法，句意为“我们来到开罗居住快五年了”。又如：It is two years since he left the country. 他离开这个国家已经两年了。2). “Was it here _ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, it was gone.”A. that B. while C. which D. where 选B。此题不是考查强调句，而是考查while的用法，while在此表示“在期间”，句意为：当你离开去跟朋友说话的时候它在这儿吗？2. 特殊疑问句的强调句型1). _ you met with Mr. Green for the first time ?A. When it was that B. Was it when that C. When was it that D. Was it that when选C。特殊疑问句的强调句型：疑问词+is/was it +that-clause ?2). At the press conference, many foreign reporters asked Premier Wen _ China had made such progress in the past few years.A. it was how that B. how it was that C. was it how that D. how was it that选B。在通常情况下，强调结构的特殊疑问句形式为“疑问词+is/was it+ that-clause ?”，但此题强调的是宾语从句，其语序与陈述句相同，所以是：疑问词+it is/was+that-clause.3). I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to. A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom选B.3. 强调句型中带有从句（如定语从句、同位语从句等），使句子结构更加复杂。. It was the training _ he had at school _ made him good jumper. A. what, what B. that, that C. what, that D. that, what选B he had at school是定语从句，缺宾语，用that引导; 第二个空才是强调句型的that. It was just in the room _ he was born _ he died.A. where, which    B. that, that    C. where, that      D. which, that选C， he was born 是定语从句，缺地点状语，用where; 第二个空才是强调句型的that. It was with great joy _ he received the news _ his lost daughter had been found.A. because, when           B. which, that C. since, how             D. that, that选D，第一空填that，构成强调句型，被强调成分为 with great joy；第二空也填that，用以引导同位语从句，修饰名词the news。4. 被强调部分结构较为复杂，但仍是强调句型。1). It might have been John _ bought a present for Mary yesterday.A. that        B. when        C. what          D. which选A，为强调句型，只是其中的动词be采用了might have been这一复杂结构。强调句型的系动词除了用is/was外，还可以在其前面加上may/might/must等表示推测的情态动词。2). It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed me.A. which       B. as    C. what       D. that选D，为强调句型，被强调部分为 what he meant rather than what he said，句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。 3). It was his nervousness in the interview _ probably lost him his job. A. which      B. since     C. that         D. what选C，为强调句型，被强调部分为 his nervousness ，后面的介词短语in the interview作定语，修饰his nervousness，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。4). It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one        B. that       C. what        D. it选B，为强调句型，被强调部分为 the ability ，后面的不定时短语to do the job作定语，修饰the ability，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。5. 强调句型中带有插入语，容易误判。1). It was lack of money, not of effort, _ defeated their plan.A. whichB. as       C. that       D. what选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。2). It was because of English girlfriend, believe it or not, _ his English improved so greatly.A. which    B. as       C. that       D. what选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 because of English girlfriend。6. 考查notuntil 的强调句型1). It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; whenD. wasnt until; that选D。考查notuntil句式的强调形式。2). It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. A. when B. that C. where D. before选B。考查notuntil句式的强调形式。 7. 弄清楚强调的是什么成分_ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A. It was we being late             B. It was our being lateC. It was we were too late        D. It was because we were late选B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. 注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is /was that/who，句子仍然成立,句中的动词cause需要有自己的主语。此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late,。但实际上，强调的是句子主语 our being lat.Exercise (1)1. _ has just rained twice.A. Here B. There C. Wuhan D. It2. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _. A. one B. it C. this D. that 3. - Have you heard the latest news ? - No, what _ ? A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those 4. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper. A. it B. those C. one D. that 5. _ felt funny watching myself on TV. A. One B. This C. It D. That 6. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A. this B. that C. it D. these 7. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _ in Perth, because I want to live near my moms. A. one B. that C. it D. this 8. - There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _ ? - No. Id rather buy _ in the bookstore. A. it, one B. one, one C. one, it D. it, it 9. _ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. A. This B. That C. What D. It 10. - Who knocked at the door ? - Ive no idea; I just pretended nobody was at home. So I didnt ask who _ was. A. he B. that C. she D. it 11. Liu Xiangs breaking the record in the Asian Games was an exciting moment,_ all of us will never forget. A. that B. one C. it D. that 12. - Did you reach the top of the mountain ? - Yes. Even I myself didnt believe I could make _. A. that B. it C. myself D. them 13. If I can help _, I dont like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 14. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. it B. that C. this D. you 15. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one 16. We should make _ a rule for us roommates to turn off the lights at 10:00 pm. A. it B. that C. one D. all 17. - Mum, have you seen my mobile phone ? - _ you bought last week ? Im afraid I havent seen _. A. The one, it B. The one, one C. One, it D. One, one 18. _ is no doubt _ NBA can win the first prize in the match. A. It, whether B. There, that C. It, that D. There, whether 19. The doctor advised Versa strongly that she should take a holiday,but _ didnt help. A. it B. she C. which D. he 20. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. it B. one C. that D. which 21. It was because of bad weather the football match had to be put off. A. so B. so that C. why D. that 22. - Was it in 1969 the American astronaut succeededlanding on the moon - Quite right. A. when, on B. that, on C. when, in D. that, in 23. It was his remarks _ left me wondering about his real purpose. A. which B. what C. where D. that 24. Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down? A. where B. that C. which D. what 25. Is it in the factory _ you visited last week _ this kind of car is made ? A., that B. Where, when C. Where, that D., when 26. It was for this reason _ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. A. which B. why C. that D. how 27. How many years is it _ your sister came to work here A. after B. since C. before D. until 28. When was _ that the general manager left for Japan?A. he         B. it        C. that        D. since    29. Who was it _ saved the drowning girl?A. since      B. as         C. that          D. he 30. - How was _ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace ?- Totally by chance.A. it that          B. he that       C. it when      D. he which 31. I must find out why _ so many students made the same mistake. A. is it that B. was it which C. it is what D. it was that 32.- Where was _ you picked up the wallet - Just near the school gate. A. it B. it that C. the place D. the place that 33. I dont mind her criticizing me, but _ is how she does it that I object to. A. it B. that C. this D. which 34. - _ that he managed to get the information?- Oh, a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it  B. What was it  C. How was it D. Why was it 35. _ the people have become the master of their own country _ science can really serve the people. A. It is only then；that B. It was that；when C. It is only when；that D. It was when；then 36. It was more than a year now _ he had seen her.A. that        B. since        C. when          D. which 37. - Was it here _ you were away talking to a friend ? - Sure. But when I got back there, it was gone.A. that       B. while       C. which       D. where 38. It was _back home after the experiments.A. not until midnight did he go          B. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he went      D. until midnight when he didnt go39. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _ benefits our work most. A. who B. which C. that D. what 40. Its not what we do once in a while _ shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlyA .which B. that