(3.3.1)--1_03-3法华经.pdf

CC hh aa pp tt ee rr 33:CC hh aa nn gg aa nnaa nn ddCC hh ii nn ee ss eeBB uu dd dd hh ii ss tt SS cc rr ii pp tt uu rr ee ssSS ee cc tt ii oo nn33SS pp ll ee nn dd ii ddPP aa rr aa bb ll ee ss-LL oo tt uu ss SS uu tt rr aaL o t u sS u t r asf u l ln a me i sS a d d h a r ma P u n d a r i k a S u t r a,I ti so n e o ft h e mo s tr e p r e s e n t a t i v eS c r i p t u r e so f Ma h a y a n aB u d d h i s m i nt h ee a r l ys t a g e,a n dh a sap r o f o u n di n f l u e n c ei nt h eh i s t o r y o f C h i n e s ec u l t u r e.L o t u sS u t r aw a st r a n s l a t e db yMa s t e rK u m r a j v ai nt h ee i g h t hy e a ro fH o n g s h i,E mp e r o r Y a oo f L a t e r Q i n(4 0 6)i nC h a n g a nC i t y.A f t e r t h ep u b l i c a t i o no f K u m r a j v a sC h i n e s ev e r s i o n,L o t u s S u t r ah a s a c t u a l l y s t a r t e di t s s p r e a di nC h i n a.TT hh eeMMaa ii nnPP uu rr pp oo ss eeoo ffLL oo tt uu ss SS uu tt rr aaL o t u sS u t r ai st h ee n l i g h t e n me n t o f B u d d h aS a k y a mu n i i nh i sl a t e r y e a r s.I t s t a n d sf o re v e r y o n e,r i c ho rp o o r,c a nb e c o meB u d d h a.T h i sk i n do ft h o u g h ti ss u mme du pa sp u t t i n gd o wnt r i-y a n aa n ds h o w i n gt h es u p r e meB u d d h a.L o t u sS u t r aa d v o c a t e st h a t e v e r y o n ec a nb e c o meB u d d h a,s ot h e r ei ss u c has a y i n go fLL oo tt uu ss SS uu tt rr aallee aa dd iinn ggtt ooBB uu dd dd hh aa hh oo oo ddi nB u d d h i s m.H o we v e r,wh a t w en e e dt of o c u so ni sb e c o mi n gB u d d h ame a n se n l i g h t e n me n th e r e.A c t u a l l y,e v e r yS c r i p t u r ec a ni n s p i r ep e o p l e,t h u s,wec a n t t a k ei t t h a t o n l yL o t u sS u t r ama k ep e o p l eb e c o meB u d d h a.L o t u sS u t r ah a ss e v e nc l a s s i c a l p a r a b l e si ni t,t h e ya r eP a r a b l eo f t h eB u r n i n gH o u s e,P a r a b l eo f t h eP o o r S o n,P a r a b l eo f t h eMe d i c i n a l H e r b s,P a r a b l eo f t h eMa n i f e s t e dC i t y,P a r a b l eo f t h eP e a r l i nt h eC l o t h i n g,P a r a b l eo f t h eP e a r l i nt h eT o p k n o t,a n dP a r a b l eo ft h eG o o dD o c t o r.T h e s ep e r f e c t p a r a b l e si n f l u e n c ewi d e l ya n dd e e p l yo nC h i n e s ei d e a,l i t e r a t u r ea n da r t.I nL o t u sS u t r a P u me n a r t i c l e,t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o ft h e B o d h i s a t t v a sf u n c t i o n o fc o mp a s s i o na n ds a l v a t i o na n dt h eu n i v e r s a l t a s t eh a sg r e a t l yp r o mo t e dt h ef o r ma t i o no fC h i n e s eB u d d h i s t b e l i e f i nA v a l o k i t e s v a r a,wh i c hh a sg r e a t l yp r o mo t e dt h ef o r ma t i o no fC h i n e s eB u d d h i s t A v a l o k i t e s v a r aB e l i e f.PP aa rr aa bb ll eeoo ff tt hh eeBB uu rr nn ii nn ggHH oo uu ss eeAp a r a b l e,L o t u s S u t r a(c h a p t e r 3)s a y s,TT hh eeww oo rr llddiiss nn oo tt pp ee aa cc ee ff uu ll aa tt aa llll,iitt jjuu ss tt lliikk eett hh eebb uu rr nn iinn gghh oo uu ss ee,ww hh iicc hhiiss ff uu llll oo ffss uu ff ff ee rr iinn ggaa nn ddmmaa kk ee sspp ee oo pp lleess cc aa rr ee dd.BB iirr tt hh,dd ee aa tt hh,iillllnn ee ss ssaa nn ddoo llddaa gg eeaa rr eecc oo mmmmoo nnhh ee rr ee.II tt iiss tt hh eess aa mmeeaa ss ff iirr ee,kk ee ee pp iinn ggbb uu rr nn iinn ggaa llll tt hh eett iimmee.T h ew o r l di s l i k eah o u s ef u l l o f f i r e,E v e r y o n ea r eb u r n e db y t h ef i r eo f d e s i r e.I no r d e rt oe x p r e s s t h i s i d e a,t h e r ei s as t o r y i nt h eS c r i p t u r e：Wh i c hs a y st h a t t h e r ewa sv e r yr i c hma nw h oo wn e dab i gh o u s e.H i sc h i l d r e na l ll i v e di ni t.B e c a u s et h i sh o u s ewa st o oo l d,t h eh o u s e sa n dp a v i l i o n swe r ei nd i s r e p a i r.O n ed a y,a l l o f as u d d e nt h e r ew a s af i r ei nt h eh o u s e,a n dt h eh o u s eb e g a nt ob u r n.C r a c k l i n ga n dc r a c k l i n g,t h eh o u s ewa sb u r n i n g.T h ey o u n ga n di g n o r a n t c h i l d r e no f t h ema nd i d n tk n o wt h a t i t sad i s a s t e r,a n dw e r es t i l l p l a y i n gi nt h ey a r d.T h ema ns h o u t e d,“G e t o u t o fh e r e,i t s d a n g e r o u s!”B u t t h e y d i d n t l i s t e nt oh i m,a n dc o n t i n u e ds t a y i n gh e r e.T h e nt h ema nt a l k e dt ot h e m l o u d l y,h e y,t h e r ea r es h e e pc a r t,d e e r c a r t a n do xc a r tt h a t y o ul i k eo u t s i d e.G oo u t a n dp l a y i nt h e s ec a r t s.A f t e r h e a r i n gt h a t,h i s c h i l d r e nr u s h e do u t o f t h eh o u s e.A t t h emo me n t t h a t t h e yw e n to u t,t h eh o u s ec o l l a p s e d.Wh e nt h ec h i l d r e nl o o k e do u t o f t h ed o o r,a n df o u n dt h a t t h e r ewa s n os h e e pc a r t,d e e r c a r t o r o x c a r t e x c e p t ab i gwh i t eo x c a r t.S ot h e yg o t o nt h ec a r ta n dp l a y e dh a p p i l y.I nt h i ss t o r y,t h ef i r eh o u s ei st h ew o r l df u l l o fa n n o y a n c ea n dd a n g e r.H o w a b o u ts h e e p c a r t,d e e r c a r t a n d o x c a r t?T h e y a r e S r a v a k a,P r a t y e k a-b u d d h a a n dB o d h i s a t t v a y a n ai nB u d d h i s m.A n dt h eb i gw h i t eo xc a r ti se k a-y a n a,Ma h a y a n aa n dB u d d h a y a n a.T h r o u g ht h i ss t o r y,w h a tL o t u sS u t r awa n t st ot e l l i sap u r p o s ef o r p u t t i n gt h r e ev e h i c l e s i n t oo n ea n dt u r n i n gt r i-y a n ai n t oe k a-y a n a.PP aa rr aa bb ll eeoo ff tt hh eePP oo oo rr SS oo nnF a i t ha n dU n d e r s t a n d i n gi nL o t u sS u t r a(C h a p t e r 4)s a y s,AA tt tt hh aa tt tt iimmee,tt hh oo uu gg hhhh eeww aa ss hh aa pp pp yy ff oo rr ff iinn dd iinn gghh iiss ss oo nn,hh eess tt iillll pp rr ee tt ee nn dd ee ddtt oott rr ee aa tt hh iiss ss oo nnaa ss aaww oo rr kk ee rr.T h e r ei say o u n gma n,y o u n ga g ea n di g n o r a n t,w h ol e f t h i sr i c hf a t h e r a n dw e n t t oaf o r e i g nc o u n t r yt or o a m a n dp l a y.B u t h eg o t l o s t a n db e c a meat r a mp.I no r d e r t of i n dh i m,h i s f a t h e r mo v e dt oa n o t h e r c i t y.H eh a dah u n c ht h a t h ewo u l df i n dh i s s o nt h e r e.F i n a l l y,o n ed a y,h i ss o nw h ob e g g e di nt h a t c i t yc a met ot h ef r o n t g a t eo fan e wh o u s e.H el o o k e da t t h i sb u i l d i n g,w h i c hwa sv e r ys i mi l a r t ot h eh o u s eh el i v e di nwh e nh ewa sac h i l d.B u t h ew a sn o t s u r e,t h e nh eh e s i t a t e da n dwa n d e r e di nf r o n t o f t h eg a t e.B u th ed a r en o t t owa l k i n.A t ag l a n c e,t h ef a t h e r s a wt h a t t h ema no u t s i d et h ed o o r w a st h el o s t s o nh eh a db e e nl o o k i n gf o r f o r ma n yy e a r s,s oh eh u r r i e dt os e n ds o me o n et oi n v i t eh i m t oc o mei n.T h es o ns a wt h a t s o meo n er u s h e dt oh i mf r o mt h i s l u x u r i o u s h o u s e.H ewa s f r i g h t e n e da n dt h o u g h t h ew a si nt r o u b l e,t h e nh er a na w a y.T oc o mf o r t h i ss o n,t h ef a t h e rs e n ts o me o n et of i n dh i m.Wh a t e x c u s ed i dh eu s e?D o n t b ea f r a i d,wea r ej u s t g o i n gt oh i r ey o ut od oc h o r e si nt h i sh o u s e,w ea r ej u s t g i v i n gy o uaj o b.A f t e r h e a r i n gt h a t,t h es o nu n d e r s t o o d.I n s t e a do f b e i n ga f r a i d,h ec a met ot h i sh o u s ea n ds t a r t e dt owo r k.G r a d u a l l y,h ea d a p t e dt ot h ee n v i r o n me n t o f t h i s h o me.Wh e nt h ef a t h e r w a sd y i n g,h ec a l l e dh i ss o nt oh i sb e da n dt o l dh i m wh a t wa s g o i n go nt h e s ey e a r s.T h e nt h es o nc a met or e a l i z et h a t h ewa s t h es u c c e s s o r o f t h i s h o u s ea n dt h ew e a l t h.I ns u c hac l a s s i c a l s t o r y,wh a t c a nwec o mp a r et h er i c he l d e r t o?H ec o mp a r e st oB u d d h a.A n dh o w a b o u t t h i sh o me l e s sp o o r ma n?H ec o mp a r e st oa l l l i v i n gc r e a t u r e swh oa r ec o n f u s e d,b e c a u s et h e yd o n t k n o wt h e ya r er i c hi ns p i r i t a n dl i f e.H ep r e f e r st ol i v eal o s t l i f ei na n o t h e r c o u n t r y.I f ap e r s o nl o s e sh i sh e a r t a n dn a t u r e,a n df o c u s e do nc h a s i n ge x t e r n a l o b j e c t sa n dwa n d e r i n gi no t h e r p l a c e,h et h e nb e c o me st h ep o o r s o nwh og i v e s u ph i s f a t h e r,d o e s n t h e?PP aa rr aa bb ll eeoo ff tt hh eePP ee aa rr ll ii nntt hh eeCC ll oo tt hh ii nn ggA s s u r a n c e so f B e c o mi n gaB u d d h a,L o t u sS u t r a(C h a p t e r 6)s a y s,Ap o o r ma nw e n tt ov i s i th i sr e l a t i v ea n dg o td r u n k.U n f o r t u n a t e l y,t h er i c hr e l a t i v eh a dt og oo u tf o rb u s i n e s s,b u t t h ep o o r r e l a t i v ewa st o od r u n kt owa k eu pt h e r e,s ot h er i c hr e l a t i v eh a dal e g e n d a r yl u mi n o u sp e a r l s e w i n s i d et h er a g g e dj a c k e t o f t h i sp o o r r e l a t i v e s.T h e nt h er i c hr e l a t i v ewe n t o u t.Wh e nt h ep o o r r e l a t i v ewo k eu p,h ef o u n dt h a t h i sr e l a t i v ewa sn o th e r e,s oh ewe n tb a c kh i sh o me.H o we v e r,h ed i d n tk n o w t h e r ew a sal e g e n d a r yl u mi n o u s p e a r l i nh i s c l o t h e s.H ewa s s t i l l p o o r a n df e l l o ne v i l d a y s.L a t e r,t h er i c hr e l a t i v eme tt h ep o o rr e l a t i v eb yc h a n c e.L o o k i n ga th i swo r n-o u tc l o t h e s,t h er i c hr e l a t i v es i g h e d,OO hh,ww hh yyyy oo uuaa rr eepp oo oo rr lliikk eett hh aa tt ee vv ee nntt hh oo uu gg hhyy oo uuhh aa vv eeaa llee gg ee nn dd aa rr yylluu mmiinn oo uu sspp ee aa rr ll iinnyy oo uu rr cc lloo tt hh ee ss!I t me a n s,o h,i ny o u r c l o t h e s,t h e r eh i dal e g e n d a r yl u mi n o u sp e a r l.H o w c a ny o us t i l l b ep o o rl i k et h i s?T h ep o o rr e l a t i v ewa ss u r p r i s e d,t h e nt h er i c hr e l a t i v et o l dh i m wh a t wa sg o i n go n,a n dh ec a met or e a l i z e,a n dt o u c h e dt h ec o r n e r i n s i d et h ec l o t h e sf i n d i n gt h a t t h e r ewa sr e a l l yal e g e n d a r yl u mi n o u sp e a r l i nh i sw o r n-o u t j a c k e t.F r o m t h e no n,h i ss i t u a t i o nwa si mp r o v e da n dh eb e c a mer i c h.I nt h i ss t o r y,T h er i c hr e l a t i v es t a n d sf o r B u d d h aa n dt h ep o o r r e l a t i v es t a n d sf o r a l ll i v i n gc r e a t u r e si nt h ewo r l d.A sf o r t h el e g e n d a r yl u mi n o u sp e a r l i nt h ec l o t h e s,i t s t a n d sf o r o u r h e a r t a n dn a t u r e.B u d d h as e w st h el e g e n d a r yl u mi n o u sp e a r l i nt h ec l o t h e so f t h ep o o r r e l a t i v eb u t h ed o e s n t k n o wa b o u t i t a t a l l.I t s t a n d sf o r t h ef a c t t h a t B u d d h at e a c h e sa l l l i v i n gb e i n g s.BB uu dd dd hh aahh aa ss aa llrr ee aa dd yy tt aa uu gg hh tt uu ss ww hh aa tt ww iiss dd oo mmiiss,bb uu tt ww eeaa llll ff oo rr gg ee tt aa bb oo uu tt iitt,aa nn ddcc aa nn ttnn oo tt iicc eett hh eehh ee aa rr tt oo ff bb ee cc oo mmiinn ggaaBB uu dd dd hh aa.(L o t u sS u t r a F i v eh u n d r e df o l l o w e r sg r a n t e da r t i c l e)A f t e r B u d d h ap o i n t s o u t t h a t t h e r ei s aj e w e l e r y i ny o u r c l o t h e s,Y o uc o met or e a l i z e,o h,Is e e,AA llll ww iiss dd oo mm iissss tt iillll tt hh ee rr ee.(L o t u sS u t r a F i v e h u n d r e d f o l l o we r sg r a n t e da r t i c l e)A l t h o u g hy o uh a v e n t n o t i c e di t,t h ep e a r l o f a wa r e n e s s a l wa y s e x i s t s i ny o u.T h i sp a r a b l es h o w sv i v i d l yt h a t p e o p l e sa wa r e n e s sa n dn a t u r ea r ec o v e r e db ywo r r ya n dwr o n gt h o u g h t s,l i k eaj e we l e r yh i di nawo r n-o u t c l o t h.I f y o ud o n t n o t i c et h ep e a r l i nt h ec l o t h,y o uwi l l s p e n dy o u r l i f ef o o l i s h l y.LL oo tt uu ss SS uu tt rr aaaa nn ddtt hh eeBB ee ll ii ee ff tt oo wwaa rr dd ss AA vv aa ll oo kk ii tt ee ss vv aa rr aaI n C h i n a,p e o p l e ma y n o t k n o w a b o u t S a k y a mu n i,b u t e v e r y o n e k n o w sA v a l o k i t e s v a r a.A v a l o k i t e s v a r ab r i n g sp e o p l eo u t o f t h ep i t o f mi s e r y,a n de n j o y st h el o v ea n dr e s p e c t o f a l l p e o p l e.B u t t h ef o r ma t i o no f t h eb e l i e f t o w a r d s A v a l o k i t e s v a r ai s r e l a t e dt ot h ed e s c r i p t i o n s o f A v a l o k i t e s v a r ai nL o t u s S u t r a.T h eB o d h i s a t t v aA v a l o k i t e v a r a,L o t u sS u t r a(C h a p t e r 2 5)s a y s,WWhh ee nnyy oo uuhh aa vv eett rr oo uu bb llee,pp llee aa ss eerr ee mmee mmbb ee rr AA vv aa lloo kk iitt ee ss vv aa rr aa.AA sslloo nn ggaa ssyy oo uucc aa llll AA vv aa lloo kk iitt ee ss vv aa rr aa ss nn aa mmee,yy oo uucc aa nnff rr ee eeyy oo uu rr ss oo uu ll bb ee cc aa uu ss eeAA vv aa lloo kk iitt ee ss vv aa rr aahh aa sshh ee aa rr ddyy oo uu rr vv oo iicc ee.Wh e n e v e r y o u h a v e t r o u b l e,y o u c a n c a l l A v a l o k i t e s v a r a s n a me,a n dA v a l o k i t e s v a r awi l l a p p e a r i nt h ef i r s t p l a c et os o l v ea l l y o u r p r o b l e ms.Wh owi l l d i s l i k et h i sk i n do f B u d d h a?L o t u sS u t r aa l s os a y s,a sl o n ga sy o ur e c i t et h en a meo f A v a l o k i t e s v a r a,A v a l o k i t e s v a r awi l l d e a l wi t hy o u r s u f f e r i n gi na l l a s p e c t s.Wh e nf a l l i n gi n t of i r e,t h ef i r ewo n t h u r t y o u.Wh e nf a l l i n gi n t ow a t e r,y o uc a nr e a c hs h a l l o wa r e a.Wh e nf a c i n gd e mo n,y o uc a na v o i db e i n gi nt r o u b l e.Wh e nb e i n gb o u n d,y o uc a nb r e a k f r e eo f s h a c k l e s.Wh e nh a v i n gd e s i r e,y o uc a no v e r c o mei t.Wh e nb e i n ga n g r y,y o uc a nc a l md o wn.Wh e nb e i n gf o o l,y o uc a ng e t r i do f i t.Wh e nl o n g i n gf o r ab o y,y o uc a nh a v eas ma r t o n e.Wh e nl o n g i n gf o r ag i r l,y o uc a nh a v ee l e g a n t o n e.A v a l o k i t e s v a r ac a nh e l pp e o p l es o l v ea l l o ft h es u f f e r i n ga n dd i s a s t e r si nd a i l yl i f e,a n dc a nme e t a l l y o u r n e e d s.T h e nA v a l o k i t e s v a r ai sl o v e da n da d mi r e dp a s s i o n a t e l yb y C h i n e s p e o p l e.S ot h eb e l i e f t o wa r d sA v a l o k i t e s v a r a,f r o m T a n gD y n a s t yh a sb e c o met h ew i d e s tb e l i e f o f B u d d h ai nC h i n e s eB u d d h i s m.A n dt h i ss i t u a t i o ni sc l o s e l yr e l a t e dt oL o t u sS u t r at r a n s l a t e db y Ma s t e r K u m r a j v a.T h er i s eo fA v a l o k i t e s v a r ab e l i e fi nC h i n ah a p p e n e da f t e rt h et r a n s l a t i o no fL o t u sS u t r a.I t sd e v e l o p me n t i sp u s h e db yMa s t e r K u m r a j v a st r a n s l a t i o no f L o t u sS u t r a.D u et oi t st r a n s l a t i o n,s o mep e o