ISO14001标准.docx

ISO 14001 (1996) 标准中英文对照版（教育训练用）版次1.0发行日期中华民国86年9月4日Contents1 Scope2 Normative references3 Definitions4 Environmental management system requirements4.1 General requirements4.2 Environmental policy4.3 Planning4.3.1 Environmental aspects4.3.2 Legal and other requirements4.3.3 Objectives and targets4.3.4 Environmental management programme(s)4.4 Implementation and operation4.4.1 Structure and responsibility4.4.2 Training, awareness and competence4.4.3 Communication4.4.4 Environmental management system documentation目录前言简介1 适用范围2 引用标准3 定义4 环境管理系统要求事项4.1 一般要求事项4.2 环境政策4.3 规划4.3.1 环境考量面4.3.2 法令规章及其它要求事项4.3.3 目标与标的4.3.4 环境管理方案4.4 实施与运作4.4.1 架构与责任4.4.2 训练、认知及能力4.4.3 沟通4.4.4 环境管理系统之文件化4.4.5 Document control 4.4.6 Operational control4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response4.5 Checking and corrective action4.5.1 Monitoring and measurement4.5.2 Nonconformance and corrective and preventive action4.5.3 Records4.5.4 Environmental management system audit4.6 Management reviewAnnexA Guidance on the use of the specificationB Links between ISO 14001 and ISO 9000C Bibliography4.4.5 文件管制4.4.6 作业管制4.4.7 紧急事件准备与应变4.5 检查与矫正措施4.5.1 监督与量测4.5.2 不符合、矫正及预防措施4.5.3 纪录4.5.4 环境管理系统之稽核4.6 管理阶层审查附录附录A 本规范之使用指引附录B CNS 14001与CNS 12681 (ISO 9001) 间之关连附录C 参考资料ForwardISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at lease 75% of the member bodies casting a vote.前言本标准系由本局化学工业类国家标准起草委员会始于民国八十四年七月着手研拟，并随ISO 14001DIS草案同步起草，最后依据1996年第一版发行之ISO 14001 Environmental management systems - Specification with guidance for use国际标准不予变更技术内容及其标准格式，制定为中国国家标准者。有关该国际标准之制定经过如下:国际标准化组织(ISO)是由各国国家标准团体(ISO会员团体)所组成的世界性联盟。各种国际标准的拟订由ISO 之各技术委员会执行。每一会员团体对于所设立的技术委员会之主题有兴趣时，皆有权派代表参加委员会。各官方与非官方之国际组织而为ISO 之联系团体者，亦得参与其工作。ISO 与国际电工委员会(IEC)密切地合作研究所有电工技术标准化事务。依照ISO程序规定，凡为技术委员会接受的国际标准草案，将分发至各会员团体表决，须经至少75%参与表决之会员团体赞成始得公布为国际标准。International Standard ISO 14001 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, Subcommittee SC1, Environmental Management systems.Annexes A,B and C of this International Standard are for information only.国际标准ISO 14001 由ISO/TC 207 环境管理技术委员会下所属SCI环境管理系统分科委员会所拟订。本标准之附录A，B，C仅供参考INTRODUCTIONOrganizations of all kinds are increasingly concerned to achieve and demonstrate sound environmental performance by controlling the impact of their activities, products or services on the environment, taking into account their environmental policy and objectives. They do so in the context of increasingly stringent legislation, the development of economic policies and other measures to foster environmental protection, and a general growth of concern from interested parties about environmental matters including sustainable development.Many organizations have undertaken environmental "reviews" or "audits" to assess their environmental performance. On their own, however, these "reviews" and "audits" may not be sufficient to provide an organization with the assurance that its performance not only meets, but will continue to meet, its legal and policy requirements. To be effective, they need to be conducted within a structured management system and integrated with overall management activity.简介各组织日益关心如何藉由控制其作业活动、产品或服务对环境所造成的冲击将其纳入环境政策与目标之考量，以达到并展现良好的环境绩效。他们之所以如此做是基于法令的规定越来越严格、强调环境保护的经济政策和其它措施相继推展、且各利害相关者对于包括永续发展在内之各种环境事务的关切与日俱增。许多组织都已经采行环境审查或稽核来评估其环境绩效。然而，仅藉这些审查或稽核，并不足以确保其环境绩效能够达到，而且持续达到法规与政策的要求。为能有效，这些方法必须在经过结构化的管理系统中加以应用，并纳入整体的管理活动之中。International environmental management standards are intended to provide organizations with the elements of an effective environmental management system which can be integrated with other management requirements, to assist organizations to achieve environmental and economic goals. These standards, like other international standards, are not intended to be used to create non-tariff trade barriers or to increase or change an organization's legal obligations.This International Standard specifies the requirements of such an environmental management system. It has been written to be applicable to all types and sizes of organizations and to accommodate diverse geographical, cultural and social conditions. The basis of the approach is shown in Figure 1. The success of the system depends on commitment from all levels and functions, especially from top management. A system of this kind enables an organization to establish, and assess the effectiveness of, procedures to set an environmental policy and objectives, achieve conformance with them, and demonstrate such conformance to others. The overall aim of the standard is to support environmental protection and prevention of pollution in balance with socio-economic needs. It should be noted that many of the requirements may be addressed concurrently or revisited at any time.环境管理标准系用以提供各组织一个有效能的环境管理系统要项，这些要项能够与其它管理要求互相整合，进而协助各组织达成环保与经济的各项目标。这些标准与其它的标准一样，本意都不是被用来制造非关税贸易障碍，或增加与改变组织的法律责任。本标准规范了上述环境管理系统的各项要求。本标准适用于各种类型和规模的组织，且能适应各种不同的地理、文化及社会条件。这套做法的基本理念如图一所示。此系统的成功取决于各层级与部门所做之承诺，尤其是最高管理阶层的。这种系统可以协助组织建立制定环境政策与目标之程序并评鉴其效能，以达到符合政策与目标的要求，且将成果展现他人。本标准之整体目的是在兼顾社会与经济需求的情况下，做好环境保护与污染预防的工作。值得注意的是，本标准中之许多要求得同时提出或随时调整。There is an important distinction between this specification which describes the requirements for certification/registration and/or self-declaration of an organization's environmental management system and a non-certifiable guideline intended to provide generic assistance to an organization for implementing or improving an environmental management system. Environmental management encompasses a full range of issues including those with strategic and competitive implications. Demonstration of successful implementation of the standard can be used by an organization to assure interested parties that an appropriate environmental management system is in place.Guidance on supporting environmental management techniques will be contained in other international standards.This international standard is contains only those requirements that may be objectively audited for certification/registration purposes and/or self declaration purposes. Those organizations requiring more general guidance on a broad range of environmental management system issues should refer to ISO 14004, "Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and supporting techniques".本规范说明了组织之环境管理系统于验证/登录与（或）自行宣告时所根据的要求，与仅提供组织实施或改进环境管理系统之一般性协助的、非验证使用的指导纲要有着重要的区别。环境管理包括范围甚广，其中也包括了和策略性与竞争性有关的议题。一个组织如果能够展现出其成功地实施本标准，将可取信于各利害相关者，证明该组织的确具有适当的环境管理系统。有关环境管理支持技术的相关指引，将包含于其它的标准中。本标准只包括可以进行客观稽核的要求事项，以作为验证/登录与(或)自行宣告的依据。组织希望获得各种环境管理系统相关问题之通用指引时，须参考CNS 14004环境管理系统原则、系统及支持技术之一般指导纲要。It should be noted that this standard does not establish absolute requirements for environmental performance beyond commitment, in the policy, to compliance with applicable legislation and regulations and to continual improvement. Thus, two organizations carrying out similar activities but having different environmental performance may both comply with its requirements.The adoption and implementation of a range of environmental management techniques in a systematic manner can contribute to optimal outcomes for all interested parties. However, adoption of this specification will not in itself guarantee optimal environmental outcomes. In order to achieve environmental objectives, the environmental management system should encourage organizations to consider implementation of best available technology where appropriate and where economically viable. In addition, the cost effectiveness of such technology should be fully taken into account.This international standard is not intended to address, and does not include requirements for aspects of occupational health and safety management; however it does not seek to discourage an organization from developing integration of such management system elements. Nevertheless the certification/registration process will only be applicable to the environmental management system aspects值得注意的是，本标准除了规范组织要在政策中承诺遵守相关法令规章并追求持续改善之外，并没有订定超出承诺之外对环境绩效的绝对要求。因此，两个作业活动类似但环境绩效不同的组织，均可能符合其各自的要求。有系统地采用并实施各种环境管理技术，有助于产生各利害相关者最满意的结果。但是，仅采用本标准，并不足以 保证其一定能够得到最佳的环保成果。为了达成环境目标，环境管理系统的设计须能鼓励组织在合乎经济可行的情况下，适度地采用现有最佳技术(Best available technology)。此外，此类技术的成本效益也须充分地加以考虑。本标准的用意不在讨论职业安全与卫生管理，并没有包含其相关的要求，但这并不代表本标准不鼓励组织在管理系统中结合这方面的要项。不过，根据本标准所进行的验证/登录过程，将仅应用至环境管理系统的考量面。This international standard shares common management system principles with the ISO 9000 series of quality system standards. Organizations may elect to use an existing management system consistent with the ISO 9000 series as a basis for its environmental management system. It should be understood however, that the application of various elements of the management system may differ due to different purposes and different interested parties. While quality management systems deal with customer needs, environmental management systems address the needs of a broad range of interested parties and the evolving needs of society for environmental protection.The environmental management system requirements specified in this standard do not need to be established independently of existing management system elements. In some cases it will be possible to comply with the requirements by adapting existing management system elements.本标准与CNS 12680 (ISO 9000)系列的品管系统标准采用相同的管理系统原则。组织在发展环境管理系统时，可以选择与CNS 12680系列之规定一致的既有管理系统做为基础。不过，管理系统中各种要项的应用方式，会随着不同之目的和不同的利害相关者而异。品质管理系统主要是处理客户的需求，但是环境管理系统则必须同时兼顾各种利害相关者的广泛需求，并且满足社会上对环境保护的最新诉求。本标准中所界定的环境管理系统要求，不需独立于既有的管理系统要项之外。在有些状况下，藉由既有的管理系统要项稍加调整，即可符合相关的要求事项。ISO 14001 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS SPECIFICATION WITH GUIDANCE FOR USE1 SCOPEThis International Standard specifies requirements for an environmental management system, to enable an organization to formulate a policy and objectives taking into account legislative requirements and information about significant environmental impacts. It applies to those environmental aspects which the organization can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence. It does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria.This International Standard is applicable to any organization that wishes to:a) implement, maintain and improve an environmental management system; b) assure itself of its conformance with its stated environmental policy;c) demonstrate such conformance to others;d) seek certification/registration of its environmental management system by an external organization;e) make a self determination and declaration of conformance with the standard.ISO 14001 境管理系统规格及指导纲要1 适用范围本标准规定环境管理系统的要求，使组织能够考虑法令规定和重大的环境冲击等相关信息而拟订环境政策和目标。此标准适用于组织可以控制以及预期能有影响的环境考量面。它本身并没有陈述特定的环境绩效准则。本标准适用于任何期望做到下列各事项的组织：a）实施、维持及改进环境管理系统；b）确保其符合本身宣告的环境政策；c）向他人展现其符合性；d）寻求由外部组织对本身的环境管理系统给予验证/登录；e）由本身进行符合本标准的自行评定与宣告。All the requirements in the standard are intended to be incorporated into any environmental management system. The extent of the application will depend on such factors as the environmental policy of the organization, the nature of its activities and the conditions in which it operates. This standard also provides ,in annex A, informative guidance on the use of the specification.The scope of any ISO 14001 application must be clearly identified.NOTE - For ease of use, the subclause of the specification and annex A have related numbers; thus, for example, 4.3.3 and A3.3 both deal with environmental objectives and targets, and 4.5.4 and A.5.4 both deal with environmental management system audit.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCESThere are no Normative References at present.本标准的所有要求项目均可纳入任何环境管理系统中。至于实际应用的程度，则必须依照组织的环境政策、作业活动性质以及作业条件等因素来决定。本标准也在附录A中提供应用本规范的参考性指引。任何应用本标准之范围必须清楚界定。备考：为了便于使用，规范本文和附录A的主要条文之间采用了相对应的编号方式：例如4.3.3节与A.3.3节都是讨论环境目标和标的之问题，而4.5.4节与A.5.4节则皆与环境管理系统稽核有关。2 引用标准目前无引用标准3 DEFINITIONSFor the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply:3.1 continual improvementProcess of enhancing the environmental management system to achieve improvements in overall environmental performance in line with the organization's environmental policy.Note - The process need not take place in all areas of activity simultaneously.3.2 environmentSurroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation.Note - Surroundings in this context extend from within an organization to the global system.3.3 environmental aspectElement of an organization's activities, products or services which can interact with the environment.Note - A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect which has or can have a significant environmental impact.3 定义本标准采用下列各项定义：3.1 持续改善遵循组织本身的环境政策，改进整体的环境绩效进而提升环境管理系统之过程。备考：此过程并不需要同时在所有的活动中进行。3.2 环境组织作业所在的外围环境，包括空气、水、土地、自然资源、植物、动物、人类、以及其间的互动关系。备考：根据此定义之外围环境乃从组织的内部延伸到全球的生态系统。3.3 环境考量面组织的作业活动、产品或服务中会和环境产生互动的要项。备考：重大的环境考量面系指会有或可能有重大环境冲击之环境考量面。3.4 environmental impactAny change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization's activities, products or services.3.5 environmental management systemThe part of the overall management system that includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing, and maintaining the environmental policy.3.6 environmental management system auditSystematic and documented verification process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence to determine whether and organization's environmental manag