英语单词变化规则大汇总(共11页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语单词的各种变化规则一、名词复数变化：(一)规则变化情况构成方法例词读音一般情况在词尾加 -sdeskdesksmapmaps-s 在清辅音后发 /s/daydaysgirlgirls-s 在元音和浊辅音后发 /z/以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词在词尾加 -esbusbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesfishfishes-es 发 /iz/ 音以辅音字母加 -y结尾的词变y为i再加 -esfamilyfamiliesfactoryfactoriespartypatries-ies 发 /iz/ 音以元音字母加 -y结尾的词在词尾加 -sdaydaysboyboyskeykeys-s 发 /z/ 音以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加 -esknifekniveslifeliveswifewiveshalfhalves-ves发 /vz/音以辅音字母加 -o 结尾的词在词尾加 -espotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroes-es 发 /z/ 音以元音字母加 -o 结尾的词在词尾加 -sradioradioszoozoos-s 发 /z/音注：以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 s 读 /iz/ license-licenses巧记以ffe结尾的可数名词复数1)妻子骑牛拿起刀，wife，calf，knife 2)追得贼狼满街跑，thief，wolf 变f或fe为v，再加es3)碰倒架子丧己命，shelf,self，life 4)手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half （二）名词复数的不规则变化：1childchildren（儿童）manmen（男人）womanwomen （女人）an Englishmantwo Englishmen（英国人）footfeet（脚）toothteeth（牙）mousemice（老鼠）ox oxen（公牛）goosegeese（鹅）2同形deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，Swiss， species，means 除，、等都有复数形式。如：a dollar,two dollars; a meter,two meters3，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。people police cattle是复数（Correctness：a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss ）（Error：a people，a police，a cattle ）表示国民总称时，作复数用。（The Chinese are industrious and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。）4以s结尾，仍为单数的名词1)maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。2)news是不可数名词。5. 表示由两部分构成的东西，glasses（眼镜） trousers （长裤） clothes（衣服）若表达具体数目，要借助pair（对，双）a pair of glasses ,two pairs of trouserssuit（套）6 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods （货物） waters （水域） fishes （各种鱼）练习： 写出下列各词的复数 I _ him _ this _ her _watch _ child _ photo _ diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _thief _ fish_ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_二、序数词变化规则（一）一般化规则：基数词+th序数词（规则变化） four(四）fourth(第四） six(六)sixth(第六） seven(七）seventh（第七） ten(十）tenth（第十） eleven(十一）eleventh（第十一）（二）*不规则变化的one(一）first(第一） twenty-one twenty-firsttwo(二）second(第二）three(三）third(第三)five（五）fifth（第五）eight（八）eighth(第八） fifty-eight fifty-eighthnine(九）ninth（第九）twelve(十二）twelfth(第十二）（三）从1319的基数词，都在个位数后加teen构成14fourteen15fifteen16sixteen17seventeen18eighteen19nineteen（四）整十的序数词，变y为ie再加th20 twentytwentieth第二十30 thirtythirtieth第三十40 fortyfortieth第十四50 fiftyfiftieth第五十60 sixtysixtieth第六十70 seventyseventieth第七十80 eighteightieth第八十90 ninetyninetieth第九十（五）分数的表达： 分子用：基数词 分母用：序数词特别要注意：当分子大于1时，分母要用：复数1/2 one second ; a half ; 1/4 a quarter ;3/4 three quarters7/8 seven eighths3/5 three fifths（六）加减乘除表达 a decimal number 小数 a fraction 分数 a percentage 百分数 a odd number奇数 an even number 偶数 degrees 度数1) 加:and; plus; add to2+4=6Two and four is/equals six.或Two plus four is/equals six.或Two added to four equals six.2)减：minus ; subtract from 8-3=5Eight minus three is/equals five.或Three subtracted from eight is five.3)乘：multiply.by; multiplied by /times 3×5=15Multiply three by five is/equals fifteen.或Three multiplied by five is/equals fifteen.4)除：divide by./divide .by. 24÷8=3Twenty-four divided by eight is/equals three.或Divide 24 by 8 is /equals three.三形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则：1.一般在词尾加er/est；2.以字母e 结尾，加r/st ；3.以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er/st ；原级比较级最高级slimslimmerslimmestbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnestwetwetterwettestredredderreddestsadsaddersaddest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er/st5.多音节词.和部分双音节词，在单词前面加more或mostimportant    more important    most important difficult     more difficult    most difficultinteresting  more interesting  most interesting useful        more useful       most usefulbeautiful more beautiful most beautiful6不规则形容词比较级：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestredredderreddestfarfurther/fartherfurthest /farthest写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ high_ slow_ fast_ low_ late_ early_ far_ well_四动词第三人称单数变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s， 如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es， 如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_  pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_五动词现在分词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing， 如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3. 以ie结尾的动词，把ie变为y再加ing。如： lie - lying 平躺/说谎 tie - tying系，捆（鞋带，领带） die - dying死4如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，这类动词有：Begin- beginning 开始cut - cutting 剪、切dig - digging 挖get - getting 获得、得到、取hit - hitting 击、打、撞let - letting 让put - putting 放run - running 跑set - setting 设置、套shut - shutting 关闭、闭sit - sitting 坐babysit-babysitting 临时受顾照看婴儿、照看小孩spit - spitting 吐痰、吐split - splitting 劈、分裂skip-skipping 跳绳swim - swimming 游、游泳win - winning 赢、获胜shop- shopping 购物、逛商店prefer-preferring 更喜欢.Step- stepping 踩、踏Refer- referring 参考、查阅Dip- dipping 浸、泡、醮、舀（取）、吸出、掏Mop- mopping 用拖把拖、洗、擦、抹、（另：猫扑）Nod -nodding 点头Fret- fretting （使）烦恼（烦恼）、（使）烦躁，（使）发愁，Kidnap-kidnapping 绑架Nap-napping 小睡、打盹Rot-rotting 腐蚀、腐烂Spot-spotting 玷污Hiccup-hiccupping 打嗝beg - begging 乞求、乞讨drip - dripping （雨）滴落、滴下、滴dot - dotting 打点、打句号drop - dropping 坠落、落下fit - fitting 适合、合适hug - hugged 拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有plan - planning 计划、打算pat - patting 轻拍（打）、抚拍rid - ridding （使）免除、（使）摆脱、去掉rob - robbing 抢劫、动掠、盗取、剥夺reset - resetting 重排（放、植）、重接（断骨）regret - regretting 遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔（抱歉）stop - stopping 停止、停下、住手stir - stirring 搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布rub - rubbing 擦（上）、摩擦、擦到travel - travel(l)ing 旅行、行进、步行、交往whip - whipping 揩、擦（汗、水）Slip -slipping 滑倒、跌倒Wrap -wrapping 包装 打包、包、裹、缠（绕）、卷写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _ make_go_ like_ write_ _ ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_四动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied4末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如beg - begged 乞求、乞讨dip- dipped 浸、泡、醮、舀（取）、吸出、掏dot - dotted 打点、打句号drip - dripped （雨）滴落、滴下、滴drop - dropped 坠落、落下fit - fitted 适合、合适hiccup-hiccupped 打嗝hug - hugged 拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有kidnap-kidnapped 绑架mop- mopped 用拖把拖、洗、擦、抹、（另：猫扑）nap-napped 小睡、打盹nod -nodded 点头pat - patted 轻拍（打）、抚拍plan - planned 计划、打算prefer-preferred 更喜欢.refer- referred 参考、查阅regret - regretted 遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔（抱歉）rid - ridded （使）免除、（使）摆脱、去掉rob - robbed 抢劫、动掠、盗取、剥夺rot-rotted 腐蚀、腐烂rub - rubbed 擦（上）、摩擦、擦到shop- shopped 购物、逛商店slip -slipped 滑倒、跌倒skip-skipped 跳绳spot-spotted 玷污step- stepped 踩、踏stir - stirred 搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布stop - stopped 停止、停下、住手trip-tripped 绊倒travel - travel(l)ed 旅行、行进、步行、交往whip - whipped 揩、擦（汗、水）wrap -wrapped 包装 打包、包、裹、缠（绕）、卷 5不规则动词过去式：1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词costkstcostkstcostkst花费cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受伤hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt关上, 闭起,停止营业2.AAB动词原形 过去式 过去分词 beatbi:t beatbi:t beaten'bi:tn 打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebi'kmbecamebi'keimbecomebi'km变comekmcamekeimcomekm来runrnranrænrunrn跑4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhiheardh:dheardh:d听见hang'hæhanged/ hunghhanged/ hung绞死，悬挂learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt学习light'laitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃, 照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/proved'pru:vn证明, 证实,试验shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun, n使照耀，使发光showushowedshowed/shown'un展示, 给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻, 嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/woken'wukn醒来，叫醒, 激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:'bildrebuilt,ri:'biltrebuilt,ri:'bilt改建, 重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费（3）原形ought ought 动词原形过去式过去分词bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t带来buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t买fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想(4) 原形aught aught动词原形过去式过去分词catchkætcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词digdidugddugd掘(土), 挖(洞、沟等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound发现，找到getetgottgot/gotten'tn得到holdhuldheldheldheldheld拥有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引导, 带领, 领导meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇见sitsitsatsætsatsæt坐shootu:tshottshott射击spitspitspit/spatspætspit/spatspæt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插进, 刺入, 粘住,winwinwonwnwonwn赢（6）原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feel'fi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft离开sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡觉sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋, 放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed说standstændstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,nd'stændunderstood,nd'stænd明白loselu:zlostlst, l:stlostlst, l:st失去havehvhadhæd, hd, dhadhæd, hd, d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld卖tellteltoldtuldtoldtuld告诉retell,ri:'telretold,ri:'tuldretold,ri:'tuld重讲，复述5.ABC（1）原形过去式原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词blowblublewblu:blown吹drive draiv drovedruvdrivendrivn驾驶drawdr:drewdru:drawndr:n画画eati:tateet,eiteaten'i:tn吃fallf:lFellfelfallen'f:ln落下giveivgaveeivgiven'ivn给growrugrewru:grownrun生长forgivef'ivforgotf'tforgiven原谅, 饶恕knownuknewnju:, nu:known知道mistakemi'steikmistookmi'stukmistooken弄错; 误解,overeat'uv'i:toverate,uv'reitovereaten(使)吃过量provepru:vprovedproven/proved证明,证实, 试验taketeiktooktuktaken'teikn, 'teikn拿throwruthrewru:thrownrun, 'run抛，扔rideraidroderudridden'ridn骑seesi:saws:seensi:n看见showushowedshowed/shown'un展示writeraitwroterutwritten'ritn写（2）原形过去式过去式+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词breakbreikbrokebrukbroken'brukn打破choosetu:zchosetuzchosen'tuzn选择getetgottgot/gotten'tn得到hidehaidhidhidhidden'hidn隐藏forgetf'etforgotf'tforgottenf'tn忘记freezefri:zfrozefruzfrozen'fruzn冷冻,结冰，感到严寒speakspi:kspokespukspoken'spukn说stealsti:lstolestolen'stuln偷(3) 变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。ia u 动词原形过去式过去分词beginbi'inbeganbi'ænbegunbi'n开始drinkdrikdrankdrækdrunkdrk喝singsisangsæsungs唱sinksiksanksæksunksk下沉, 沉没swimswimswamswæmswumswm游泳ringrirangrærungr打电话（4）其它 动词原形过去式过去分词be(am, is, are)was/ werebeen是bearbboreb:born/borneb:n负担, 忍受dodu:, du:diddiddonedn做flyflaiflewflu:flownflun飞gouwentwentgonen去lielailayleilainlein躺wearwworew:wornw:n穿专心-专注-专业