2015考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版.pdf

1 / 17 2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）及答案及答案 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 underground Its a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldnt know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ：Please dont approach me. What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens? One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 ascreep,We fear weII be 7 We fear weII be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones.Phones become our security blanket，Wortmann says.They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 . But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up， it doesnt 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment， behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own, the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, not a single person reported having been snubbed. 18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected. 1.A.ticket B.permit C.signall D.record 2.A.nothing B.link C.another D.much 3.A.beaten B.guided C.plugged D.brought 2 / 17 4.A.message B.cede C.notice D.sign 5.A.under B.beyond C.behind D.from 6.A.misinterprete B.misapplied C.misadjusted D.mismatched 7.A.fired B.judged C.replaced D.delayed 8.A.unreasonable B.ungreatful C.unconventional D.unfamiliar 9.A.comfortable B.anxious C.confident D.angry 10.A.attend B.point C.take D.turn 11.A.dangerous B.mysterious C.violent D.boring 12.A.hurt B.resis C.bend D.decay 13.A.lecture B.conversation C.debate D.negotiation 14.A.trainees B.employees C.researchers D.passengers 15.A.reveal B.choose C.predictl D.design 16.A.voyage B.flight C.walk D.ride 17.A.went through B.did away C.caught up D.put up 18.A.In turn B.In particular C.In fact D.In consequence 19.A.unless B.since C.if D.whereas 20.A.funny B.simple C.Iogical D.rare 单词：单词： contemporary prospect virtually unbearable fiddle approach executive rejection innocent disruptive acquaintance anxiety security blanket bandaid behavioral commuter participant snub 长难句：长难句： 1、When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to predict how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own, the New York Times summarizes. 2、In fact, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, since human beings thrive off of social connections. 解析：解析： 1. signal 2. Much 3. plugged 4. message 5. Behind 6. misinterpreted 7. judged 8. unfamiliar 9. anxious 10. turn 11. dangerous 12. hurt 13. Conversation 14. passengers15. predict 16. ride 17. went through 18. in fact 19. since 20. Simple 3 / 17 Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points) Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health. What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home. But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home. So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate. 21.According to Pa ragraph 1 ， most previous su rveys found that home_ A.was an un realistic place for relaxation B.generated more stress than the workplace C.was an ideal place for stress measurement 4 / 17 D.offered greater relaxation than the workplace 22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home? A.Working mothers B.Childless husbands C. Childless wives D.Working fathers 23 The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact thay_ A.they are both bread winners and housewives B.their home is also a place for kicking back C.there is often much housework left behind D.it is difficult for them to leave their office 24.The wordmoola(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means_ A.energy B.skills C.earnings D.nutrition 25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_ A.home is hardly a cozier working environment B.division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut C.household tasks are generally more motivating D.family labor is often adequately rewarded 单词：单词： contrary survey refugee conventional wisdom measure household blur adjustment gender suppose bargain division clinically methodically inadequate colleague electronic infinite motivate 长难句：长难句： 1、Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. 2、What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. 5 / 17 3、With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home. 4、Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. 解析：解析： 21.D offered greater relaxation than the workplace 22.B childless husbands 23.A they are both bread winners and housewives 24.C earnings 25.B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut Text 2 For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created a paradox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense. But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students. The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsityFirst generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree Their thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap. Many first-gene ration studentsstruggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn therules of the game，and take advantage of college resources, they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk 6 / 17 about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve. 26. Recruiting more first-generation students has A.reduced their d ropout rates B.narrowed the achievement gao C. missed its original purpose D.depressed college students 27 The author of the research article are optimistic because A.the problem is solvable B.their approach is costless C. the recruiting rate has increased D.their finding appeal to students 28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students A.study at private universities B.are from single-pa rent families C. are in need of financial support D.have failed their collage 29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students A.a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap B.can have a potential influence on othe r students C. may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects D.are inexperienced in handling their issues at college 30.We mayinfer from the last paragraph that- A.universities often rect the culture of the middle-class B.students are usually to blame for their lack of resources C.social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences D.colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question 单词：单词： generation achievement dropout economically decade recruit paradox reproduce depress optimistic potential recipient federal relatively narrow navigate educational struggle 7 / 17 长难句：长难句： 1、But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. 2、 This has created a paradox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense. 3、But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students. 4、Their thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. 5、Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve. 解析：解析： 26.C missed its original purpose 27.A the problem is solvable 28.C are in need of financial support 29.D are inexperienced in handling issues at college 30.D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question Text3 Even in traditional offices，the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago， said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples.If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were ives，but we didnt talk about energy；we didnt talk about passion. Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very team-oriented-and not by coincidence.Lets not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，its still a big deal. Its not explicitly conscious；its the idea that Im a coach，and youre my team，and were in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies， but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win. 8 / 17 These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increase allegiance to the firm.You have the importation of terminology that