空气中二氧化硫的监测实验优秀课件.ppt

空气中二氧化硫的监测实验Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentCentre for Water Treatment第1页，本讲稿共29页一、实验目的一、实验目的1、掌握大气采样器的使用方法。2、掌握分光光度法测定空气中的S02。二、实验方法二、实验方法甲醛缓冲溶液吸收-盐酸副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法 Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentWater Treatment第2页，本讲稿共29页三、实验原理三、实验原理1、采样原理：二氧化硫被甲醛缓冲溶液吸收后，生成稳定的羟基甲磺酸加成化合物。OHCH SO2+H2OHCHOHHSO3Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment第3页，本讲稿共29页2、分析原理：稳定的羧甲基磺酸加成化合物，加碱后又释放出二氧化硫，然后与盐酸副玫瑰苯胺作用，生成紫红色络合物，于波长577nm处测定吸光度。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentCentre for Water Treatment第4页，本讲稿共29页HCHOHHSO3 NaOH释放出释放出SO2SO2+PRA紫红色的化合物Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment第5页，本讲稿共29页四、实验仪器1、空气采样器：流量范围0.11L/min，连续可调。采样器应定期在采样前进行气密性检查和流量校准。2、可见光分光光度计：波长范围380780nm。3、白色多孔玻板吸收瓶：l0mlSino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第6页，本讲稿共29页4、恒温水浴器：广口冷藏瓶内放置圆形比色管架，插一支长约150mm，040的酒精温度计，其误差应不大于0.5。5、具塞比色管：10ml。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentCentre for Water Treatment第7页，本讲稿共29页空空空空气气气气采采采采样样样样器器器器流量计流量计显显示示器器设设置置键键控控制制阀阀支架支架Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第8页，本讲稿共29页721分光光度计分光光度计Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentWater Treatment第9页，本讲稿共29页五、实验步骤五、实验步骤（一）采样：根据环境空气中二氧化硫浓度的高低，采用内装10ml吸收液的U型玻板吸收瓶，以0.5L/min的流量采样，采样时吸收液温度应保持在2329范围内。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment第10页，本讲稿共29页流流量量计计流流量量计计缓冲瓶缓冲瓶泵泵吸收瓶吸收瓶吸收瓶吸收瓶过滤器体过滤器体进气进气Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentWater Treatment第11页，本讲稿共29页SOSO2 2的气路连接的气路连接Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment第12页，本讲稿共29页（二）化学分析1、配溶液：甲醛缓冲吸收液：取5mL储备液于500mL容量瓶，用水稀释至标线。标准使用液：取10mL贮备液于100mL容量瓶，用配好的用配好的甲醛缓冲吸收液甲醛缓冲吸收液稀释至标线。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment第13页，本讲稿共29页3、测定：校准曲线的绘制：取14根比色管，分AB两组，每组7支A A组：组：按下表配制标准系列 管管 号号 0 1 2 3 4 5 6二氧化硫标准使用液二氧化硫标准使用液(m1)0 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 8.00 10.00 甲醛缓冲吸收液甲醛缓冲吸收液(ml)10.00 9.50 9.00 8.00 5.00 2.00 0 二氧化硫含量二氧化硫含量(g)0 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 8.00 10.00Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment第14页，本讲稿共29页0.5mL氨磺酸钠；0.5mLNaOH,盖塞摇匀B组管：1.0mLPRA溶液 将A倒入B中，摇匀后放入恒温水浴中显色，然后上分光光度计测吸光度，在稳定的时间内测完。样品的测定：与校准曲线的测定方法相同Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentWater Treatment第15页，本讲稿共29页六、计算六、计算空空气气中中SOSO2 2的的含含量量样品样品中含中含有的有的S0S02 2的量的量标况下的采样体积标况下的采样体积Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第16页，本讲稿共29页七、注意事项七、注意事项显色反应需在酸性溶液中进行，应将含样品显色反应需在酸性溶液中进行，应将含样品(或标或标准准)溶液、吸收液的溶液、吸收液的A A组管溶液迅速倒入装有强酸性组管溶液迅速倒入装有强酸性的的PRAPRA使用液的使用液的B B组管中，使混合液在瞬间呈酸性，组管中，使混合液在瞬间呈酸性，以利反应的进行，倒完控干片刻，以免影响测定的以利反应的进行，倒完控干片刻，以免影响测定的精密度。精密度。显色温度、显色时间的选择及操作时间的掌握是显色温度、显色时间的选择及操作时间的掌握是本实验成败的关键。应根据实验室条件、不同季节本实验成败的关键。应根据实验室条件、不同季节的室温选择适宜的显色温度及时间。的室温选择适宜的显色温度及时间。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第17页，本讲稿共29页八、思考题八、思考题1、影响测定误差的主要因素有哪些？应如何减少误差？2、在北方什么季节空气污染较重?一天当中什么时间污染最重？3、测定一次结果能否代表日平均浓度?假如你测定的结果是日平均浓度，达到哪一级大气质量标准?Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentCentre for Water Treatment第18页，本讲稿共29页空气中氮氧化物空气中氮氧化物(NO(NOx x)监测监测Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第19页，本讲稿共29页一、实验目的一、实验目的1、掌握大气采样器的使用方法。2、用分光光度法测定NOx的方法。二、实验方法二、实验方法盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法 Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第20页，本讲稿共29页NOxNOxNONONONO2 2 KMnO KMnO4 4NONO2 2 H H2 2O OHNOHNO2 2+HNO+HNO3 3HNOHNO2 2+显色液显色液粉红色偶氮染料粉红色偶氮染料三、实验原理三、实验原理Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment第21页，本讲稿共29页四、实验仪器四、实验仪器1 1、空气采样器：、空气采样器：2 2、分光光度计：、分光光度计：（以上同（以上同SOSO2 2）3 3、棕色多孔玻板吸、棕色多孔玻板吸收瓶：收瓶：l0mll0ml4 4、氧化瓶、氧化瓶Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第22页，本讲稿共29页五、实验步骤五、实验步骤（一）采样：取内装10.0ml吸收液的多孔玻板吸收瓶和一支内装510ml酸性高锰酸钾溶液的氧化瓶(液柱不低于80mm)，用尽量短的硅橡胶管将其连接，以0.10.5L/min流量采气30min。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentCentre for Water Treatment第23页，本讲稿共29页SOSO2 2NONOX XSino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第24页，本讲稿共29页（二）化学分析1、配溶液：吸收液：40mL显色液10mL蒸馏水。2、标准使用液：取1.0mL储备液于100mL容量瓶，用水稀释至标线。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment第25页，本讲稿共29页2、测定：校准曲线的绘制：取6根10ml的比色管，按下表配制标准系列。管管 号号 0 l 2 3 4 5亚硝酸钠标准使用液亚硝酸钠标准使用液(m1)0 0.40 0.80 1.20 1.60 2.00 水水(m1)2.00 1.60 1.20 0.80 0.40 0 显色液显色液(m1)8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00亚硝酸根浓度亚硝酸根浓度(g/m1)0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentCentre for Water Treatment第26页，本讲稿共29页 各管混匀，于暗处放置20min(室温低于20时，显色40min以上)，用1cm比色皿，在波长540nm处，以水为参比测定吸光度。样品的测定：采样结束后，采样后放置20min(室温20以下放置40min以上)，按绘制标准曲线步骤测定样品的吸光度。空白的测定：空白、样品和标准曲线应用同一批吸收液。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第27页，本讲稿共29页六、计算六、计算空空气气中中NONOX X的的含含量量样品样品中含中含有的有的NONOX X的量的量标况下的采样体积标况下的采样体积转化系数转化系数f f0.880.88Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第28页，本讲稿共29页七、思考题七、思考题1、什么物质会对氮氧化物的测定产生干扰?如何消除干扰?2、如何校准转子流量计?3、测定一次结果能否代表日平均浓度?假如你测定的结果是日平均浓度，达到哪一级大气质量标准?Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTreatment第29页，本讲稿共29页