英汉被动句的翻译精品文稿.ppt

英汉被动句的翻译611 1第1页，本讲稿共43页Chapter 17lChapter 17 英汉被动句的翻译英汉被动句的翻译(Translation of Passive Sentences)612第2页，本讲稿共43页各简单句不同时态和体的被动语态句式如下：各简单句不同时态和体的被动语态句式如下：lHe is asked to make a contribution to the insurance scheme.(一般一般现现在在时时)lHe was asked to.(一般一般过过去去时时)lHe will be asked to.(一般将来一般将来时时)lHe would be asked to.(过过去将来去将来时时)lHe is being asked to.(现现在在进进行式行式)lHe was being asked to.(过过去去进进行式行式)lHe has been asked to.(现现在完成式在完成式)lHe had been asked to.(过过去完成式去完成式)lHe will have been asked to.(将来完成式将来完成式)lHe would have been asked to.(过去将来完成式过去将来完成式)613第3页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 l17.1.1 17.1.1 英语被动句译成汉语被动句英语被动句译成汉语被动句 l汉语被动句除了使用汉语被动句除了使用“被被”这个词之外，这个词之外，还使用其他一些词语，如还使用其他一些词语，如“受受”、“遭遭”、“挨挨”、“给给”、“让让”、“叫叫”、“由由”、“获获”、“使使”、“把把”、“得到得到”、“受到受到”、“遭到遭到”、“予以予以”、“加以加以”、“经过经过”、“为为所所”等等。等等。614第4页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lThey are deprived of their rights.l他他们们被剥被剥夺夺了了权权利。利。lAny minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.l我我们们随随时时都会都会被被出入机出入机场场的的敌敌机机发现发现。lIf the scheme is approved,work on the project will start immediately.l如果方案如果方案被批准被批准了，工程将即刻了，工程将即刻动动工。工。lAt the end of the month he was fired for incompetence.l由于能力太差由于能力太差,月底他就月底他就被解雇被解雇了。了。615第5页，本讲稿共43页17.1 17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lHow long will it be before black and white television sets are found only in museums?l还还要要过过多久黑白多久黑白电视电视机才会机才会成成为为博物博物馆馆的的陈陈列品呢？列品呢？lThe dictionaries have been affected with damp.l这这些字典些字典受潮受潮了。了。lThe town was destroyed by an earthquake.l这这座城座城镇镇在一次地震中在一次地震中受到受到了了严严重重破坏破坏。lHe was carefully nursed by Carries mother.l他他受到受到嘉莉母亲的细心嘉莉母亲的细心护护理理。616第6页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lHe was set upon by two masked men.l他他遭到遭到两个蒙面人的两个蒙面人的袭击袭击。lLast year the region was visited by the worst drought in 100 years.l去年去年这这个地区个地区遭受遭受了了100年来最年来最严严重的重的旱灾旱灾。lA lot of houses were damaged in the earthquake.l许许多房屋在地震中多房屋在地震中遭到遭到了了破坏破坏。617第7页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lThis time he was tipped over by his buddies.l这这次他次他挨挨了哥儿了哥儿们们一一顿顿揍揍。lThe little boy was criticized three times last week.l这这个小男孩上周个小男孩上周挨挨了三次了三次批批评评。lI started to explain that I could not do my best since my spectacles had been taken away from me,but she wouldnt let me finish.l我我开开始始解解释释说说，我我不不可可能能干干得得最最好好，因因为为我我的的眼眼镜镜已已给给拿走拿走了，但她不准我了，但她不准我讲讲完。完。lAll the money I had saved was stolen.l我所有的积蓄都我所有的积蓄都给偷给偷走走了。了。618第8页，本讲稿共43页17.1 17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lThe crops were washed away by the flood.l庄稼庄稼让让洪水洪水冲冲毁毁了。了。lShe was caught in the downpour.l她她叫叫暴雨暴雨淋着淋着了。了。lEarly fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature,not by man.l地地球球上上早早期期的的火火肯肯定定是是由由大大自自然然引引燃燃的的，而而不不是是人人类类所所为为。lThe three machines can be controlled by a single operator.l这三台机器可以这三台机器可以由由一人单独一人单独操操纵纵。619第9页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lHe was released immediately after Batisth escaped Cuba.l在巴蒂斯塔逃离古巴后，他在巴蒂斯塔逃离古巴后，他马马上上获释获释。lThe application of computers should be paid enough attention to.l计计算机的算机的应应用用应应予以予以足足够够的的重重视视。lIt must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means.l这种事情必须在适当的时候用适当的手段这种事情必须在适当的时候用适当的手段予以予以处处理理。6110第10页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lPopulation growth can be controlled if we make up our mind.l如果下定决心，人口增如果下定决心，人口增长长是能是能够够加以控制加以控制的。的。lo separate iron from the impurities the iron ores must be melted.l为为了使了使铁铁跟跟杂质杂质分离，分离，铁矿铁矿石必石必须须经过经过冶冶炼炼。lI was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.l我我为为这这些些话话所所深深深深感感动动，后后来来我我就就把把它它们们写写在在圣圣诞诞贺贺卡卡上。上。6111第11页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lAll the buildings were destroyed by a big fire.l所有建筑物均所有建筑物均为为大火大火所焚所焚毁毁。lThis new theory has now been adopted by many scientists who are searching for life in outer space.l这一新理论现在已这一新理论现在已为为许多寻找外层空间生命的科学家许多寻找外层空间生命的科学家所采所采纳纳。lBut one hundred years later,the Negro is still not free.One hundred years later,the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.l然然而而100年年过过去去了了，黑黑人人依依旧旧没没有有获获得得自自由由，100年年过过去去了了，黑黑人人的生活仍然很悲惨，的生活仍然很悲惨，为为种族隔离的镣铐和种族歧视的锁链种族隔离的镣铐和种族歧视的锁链所摧残所摧残。6112第12页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 l17.1.2 英英语语被被动动句句译译成成汉语汉语主主动动句句 lOur plan has been approved by the president of our university.l校校长长批准了我批准了我们们的的计计划。划。lLarge quantities of steam are required by modern industry.l现现代工代工业业需要大量蒸汽。需要大量蒸汽。lA new way of displaying time has been given by electronics.l电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。6113第13页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lBy the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization,but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.l大大战战结结束束的的时时候候，这这个个组组织织拯拯救救了了800人人，但但那那是是以以200多比利多比利时时人和法国人的生命人和法国人的生命为为代价的。代价的。lThe news was passed on by word of mouth.l众口相众口相传传就把就把这则这则新新闻传闻传开了。开了。lTo explore the moons surface,rockets were launched again and again.l为了探测月球的表层，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。为了探测月球的表层，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。6114第14页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 l Mr.Billings cannot be deterred from his plan.l人人们们不能阻止比林斯先生不能阻止比林斯先生实实行他的行他的计计划。划。lCopper articles have been used for several thousand years.l人人们们使用使用铜铜器已有数千年了。器已有数千年了。lThe workers were seen repairing the machine.l有人看有人看见见工人工人们们在修理机器。在修理机器。lThe lecture is considered very important for beginners.l大家认为这讲座对初学者很重要。大家认为这讲座对初学者很重要。6115第15页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 l Rivers are controlled by dams.l拦拦河堤河堤把把河流河流控制住控制住了。了。lOther forms of energy can be changed to electric energy by generators.l发电发电机能机能把把其他形式的能其他形式的能转变为转变为电电能。能。lHe was regarded as a Republican by everyone,even though he had always thought of himself as an“Independent”.l所所有有人人都都把把他他看看做做共共和和党党人人，尽尽管管他他一一直直认认为为自自己己是是“无党派人士无党派人士”。6116第16页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 l The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.l大火大火使使这这家著名的家著名的旅旅馆馆几乎全部几乎全部毁毁掉掉。lWe are kept strong and well by clean air.l洁净洁净的空气的空气使使我我们们身体健壮身体健壮。lTheir friendship was turned to enmity through idle gossips.l流言蜚语流言蜚语使使他们之间的他们之间的友友谊变谊变成成了怨仇。了怨仇。6117第17页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 l 17.1.3 英英语语被被动动句句译为译为不不带带被被动标动标志性志性词语词语但包含被但包含被动动 l许许多多汉汉语语句句子子不不带带表表被被动动意意义义的的标标志志性性词词语语，看看上上去去好好像像是是主主动动句句，但但实实际际上上包包含含被被动动意意义义，这这样样的的汉汉语语句句子子的的被被动动意意义义是是通通过过其其主主谓谓成成分分表表达达的的逻逻辑辑意意义义关关系系来来确确定的。定的。6118第18页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lHe was assassinated in a theater last night.l他昨晚在一家他昨晚在一家剧剧院遇刺身亡。院遇刺身亡。lRoger,you are wanted on the phone.l罗罗杰，你有杰，你有电话电话。lSolution to the problem was ultimately found.l问题问题的解决方法的解决方法终终于找到了。于找到了。lHis leg was broken in an accident.l他的腿在一次事故中折断了。他的腿在一次事故中折断了。lA new student is kept on probation for one semester.l新学生要新学生要见习见习一个学期。一个学期。6119第19页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lMost of the questions have been settled satisfactorily,and only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed.l多多数数问问题题已已圆圆满满解解决决，只只剩剩下下几几个个次次要要问问题题有有待待讨讨论论。lThe Great Hall of the People was built in 1959.l人民大会堂人民大会堂是是在在1959年建造年建造的的。lPrinting was introduced into Europe from China.l印刷印刷术术是是从中国从中国传传入欧洲入欧洲的的。lThe first explosive in the world was made and used in China.l世界上最早的炸药世界上最早的炸药是是在中国制造和使用在中国制造和使用的的。6120第20页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 l17.1.4 英英语语被被动动句的其他句的其他译译法法 l17.1.4.1 翻翻译译成成转换转换了主了主语语的的汉语汉语句子句子l英英语语被被动动句翻句翻译译成成汉语时汉语时，有，有时时可以采用灵活的翻可以采用灵活的翻译译法，法，即从原句中或从其深即从原句中或从其深层层概念里挑概念里挑选选一个适当的名一个适当的名词词概念作概念作为译为译句的主句的主语语，代替原句的主，代替原句的主语语。lEnglish is spoken in Britain,the U.S.and some other countries.l讲讲英英语语的的国家国家有英国、美国和其他一些国家。有英国、美国和其他一些国家。lThe findings of the court will be published on Wednesday.l法庭法庭将在星期三公布调查结果。将在星期三公布调查结果。6121第21页，本讲稿共43页17.1 17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lIts crystal clear:whats been schemed for in his plan is power rather than money.l很清楚，他很清楚，他这这个个计计划划图谋图谋的是的是权权，而不是，而不是钱钱。lMy brother was taught shorthand by Mr.Green.l我弟弟的速我弟弟的速记记是格林先生教的。是格林先生教的。lCommunications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world.l全世界都将通信全世界都将通信卫卫星用于国星用于国际实际实况况转转播。播。lMany voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.l许多人要求建立一个阿拉伯共同市场。许多人要求建立一个阿拉伯共同市场。6122第22页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 l17.1.4.2 译成汉语的无主句译成汉语的无主句 lWhen the anthem had been played,the Congress began.l奏完国歌后，大会开始。奏完国歌后，大会开始。lA telephone was fitted up in the pavilion.l亭子里装了一部亭子里装了一部电话电话。lTime can always be found to do things one wants to do.l只要想干，只要想干，总总是可以找到是可以找到时间时间的。的。lThe last time I went back to my hometown,a big power station was being built there.l上次我回家时，那儿正在修建一座大发电站。上次我回家时，那儿正在修建一座大发电站。6123第23页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 lMany strange new means of transport have been developed in this century.l在本世在本世纪纪，发发明了明了许许多新奇的交通工具。多新奇的交通工具。lWhere can you be reached?l在什么地方可以找到您？在什么地方可以找到您？(请问请问您住在什么地方？您住在什么地方？)lIt is suggested that each speaker is allowed five minutes.l建建议议每位每位发发言者言者讲话讲话五分五分钟钟。lThe quality of the products must be guaranteed.l必须确保产品质量。必须确保产品质量。6124第24页，本讲稿共43页17.1 17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 l17.1.4.3 17.1.4.3 以以ItIt为形式主语的一些被动结构的翻译为形式主语的一些被动结构的翻译 lIt is universally accepted that.(人人们们)普遍普遍认为认为 lIt must be admitted that.必必须须承承认认lIt is generally agreed/recognized that.人人们们通常通常认为认为lIt is announced(declared,claimed)that.据称据称lIt is arranged that.已已经经商定商定lIt is sometimes asked that.人人们们有有时时会会问问lIt is asserted that.有人主有人主张张lIt is assumed that.假定假定/假设假设 l.6125第25页，本讲稿共43页17.1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 l17.1.4.4 17.1.4.4 翻译成特殊结构的句子翻译成特殊结构的句子 l一一些些含含有有by词词组组的的英英语语被被动动句句，可可以以译译成成“的的字字结结构构主语主语+是是”这样的句子。这样的句子。lIt was suggested by him.l提出提出这这个建个建议议的是他。的是他。lHe was questioned by a policeman.l盘问盘问他的是一个警察。他的是一个警察。lI was recommended by a teacher.l推荐我的是一位老推荐我的是一位老师师。lThe letter was written by a secretary.l写这封信的是一位秘书。写这封信的是一位秘书。6126第26页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译 l汉汉语语的的被被动动句句译译成成英英语语时时，并并非非只只能能译译成成被被动动句句，有有时时也也可可以以译译成成主主动动句句。这这是是因因为为，英英语语除除了了使使用用被被动动语语态态表表达达被被动动的的意意思思以以外外，还还有有别别的的表表达达法法，如如使使用用某某些些短短语语结结构构来来表表达达被被动动意意义义。仔仔细细观观察察被被动动语语态态英英译译汉汉的的例例句句，作作逆逆向向思思维维，便便可可大大致致明明白白什什么么样样的的汉汉语语句句子子可可以以译译成成英英语语被被动句。动句。6127第27页，本讲稿共43页17.2 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l17.2.1 17.2.1 汉语被动句译成英语被动句汉语被动句译成英语被动句 l海外海外华侨现华侨现在不再被人在不再被人轻视轻视了。了。lOverseas Chinese are no longer looked down upon.l他被他被选为选为学生会主席。学生会主席。lHe was elected Chairman of the Students Union.l窗户玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他一定要挨骂的。窗户玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他一定要挨骂的。lThe window pane was broken by the child;he will certainly be scolded.6128第28页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l17.2.2 17.2.2 汉语被动句译成形式上的英语主动句汉语被动句译成形式上的英语主动句 l这这个是个是贫穷贫穷的地区，老的地区，老师师的工的工资经资经常被拖欠。常被拖欠。lThis is a poor area.The teachers salaries are often in arrears.l 这这男孩跟父男孩跟父亲亲争嘴，挨了一争嘴，挨了一记记耳光。耳光。lThe boy quarreled with his father and got a box on the ear.l她家里干净整洁，样样东西都给放在适当的地方。她家里干净整洁，样样东西都给放在适当的地方。lHer home is clean and tidy.Everything in it has a place to go/is in its proper place.6129第29页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l这这个年个年轻轻人人应该应该受到受到惩罚惩罚。lThe young man deserves punishing.l此此谋杀谋杀案正在受到案正在受到调查调查。lThe murder is now under investigation.l老人在那个国家不受尊敬。老人在那个国家不受尊敬。lThe aged are not respectable in that country.l这这篇篇论论文文经经得起推敲。得起推敲。lThe paper can stand criticizing.l这些书由我夫人保管。这些书由我夫人保管。lThese books were in the charge of my wife.6130第30页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l这这个年个年轻轻人人应该应该受到受到惩罚惩罚。lThe young man deserves punishing.l此此谋杀谋杀案正在受到案正在受到调查调查。lThe murder is now under investigation.l老人在那个国家不受尊敬。老人在那个国家不受尊敬。lThe aged are not respectable in that country.l这这篇篇论论文文经经得起推敲。得起推敲。lThe paper can stand criticizing.l这些书由我夫人保管。这些书由我夫人保管。lThese books were in the charge of my wife.6131第31页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l他不愿受制于人。他不愿受制于人。lHe is not willing to be under others control.l他他们们遭到遭到敌敌人的突然人的突然袭击袭击。lThey ran into an unexpected attack from the enemy.l这这男孩正在被男孩正在被严严加管教。加管教。lThe boy is under strict discipline.l这座城市就这样被敌人征服了。这座城市就这样被敌人征服了。lThus,the city fell to the enemy.6132第32页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l17.2.3 逻逻辑辑意意义义上上的的汉汉语语被被动动句句译译为为相相应应的的逻逻辑辑意意义义上上的的英语被动句英语被动句 l他的他的戏剧戏剧不宜上演。不宜上演。lHis plays wont act.l会会议议于五点于五点钟钟休会。休会。lThe meeting adjourned at five oclock.l西红柿容易碰伤。西红柿容易碰伤。lTomatoes bruise easily.l这根腰带扣不上。这根腰带扣不上。lThis belt wont buckle.6133第33页，本讲稿共43页17.2 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l我的声音我的声音传传不不远远。lMy voice does not carry well.l搪瓷器皿容易弄干搪瓷器皿容易弄干净净。lEnamel wares clean easily.l这这箱子关不箱子关不拢拢。lThis box doesnt close properly.l这这些苹果适于烹煮。些苹果适于烹煮。lThese apples cook well.l这种金属容易切削。这种金属容易切削。lThis metal cuts easily.6134第34页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l这这烟斗不大烟斗不大畅畅通。通。lThe pipe does not draw well.l尼尼龙织龙织物干得快。物干得快。lNylon dries quickly.l这这料子染不好。料子染不好。lThis material does not dye well.l这东这东西好吃。西好吃。lIt eats well.l潮湿的木头不着火。潮湿的木头不着火。lDamp wood will not fire.6135第35页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l这这种麦子很好磨。种麦子很好磨。lThis wheat grinds well.l刹刹车车不灵。不灵。lThe brake does not grip properly.l这车这车很好很好驾驶驾驶。lThis car handles well.l潮湿的衣服容易潮湿的衣服容易烫烫平。平。lDamp clothes iron easily.l蚊子在产卵时容易消灭。蚊子在产卵时容易消灭。lMosquitoes kill easily when incubating.6136第36页，本讲稿共43页17.2 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l这这套公寓房套公寓房间间每月租金每月租金500元。元。lThe flat lets for 500 yuan a month.l这这火柴容易划燃。火柴容易划燃。lThe match lights easily.l这门锁这门锁不上。不上。lThe door wont lock.l这头这头母牛出奶率高。母牛出奶率高。lThe cow milks well.l这些书容易包装。这些书容易包装。lThese books pack easily.6137第37页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l这这些土豆容易削皮。些土豆容易削皮。lThese potatoes peel easily.l成熟的苹果容易摘下来。成熟的苹果容易摘下来。lRipe apples pick easily.l那出那出戏戏适宜上演。适宜上演。lThat drama will play.l这这首首诗读诗读来来顺顺口。口。lThis poem reads well.l他的声音录下来很好听。他的声音录下来很好听。lHis voice records well.6138第38页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l这这些些诗诗很合韵律。很合韵律。lThe verses scan smoothly.l那个那个剧剧本不适于拍本不适于拍电电影。影。lThat play screens badly.l他的新小他的新小说销说销路很好。路很好。lHis new novel is selling well.l这这窗关不上。窗关不上。lThe window wont shut.l有些木材容易劈开。有些木材容易劈开。lSome kinds of wood split easily.6139第39页，本讲稿共43页17.2 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l有些食物容易腐有些食物容易腐烂烂。lSome kinds of food soon spoil.l这这麻布容易玷麻布容易玷污污。lThis linen cloth spots easily.l白色衣服容易弄白色衣服容易弄脏脏。lWhite clothes stain easily.l这这潮湿的火柴擦不燃。潮湿的火柴擦不燃。lThe damp match wont strike.l这种纸一撕就破。这种纸一撕就破。lThis paper tears easily.6140第40页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l并非每个并非每个习语习语都能都能这样这样容易容易译译出。出。lNot every idiom translates with such ease.l这这布很耐洗。布很耐洗。lThe cloth washes well.l这这种材料不种材料不经经久耐用。久耐用。lThis material wont wear.l这门这门打不开。打不开。lThe door wont open.l这屋子租不出去。这屋子租不出去。lThe house wont let.6141第41页，本讲稿共43页17.2 汉语被动句的翻译汉语被动句的翻译l并非每个并非每个习语习语都能都能这样这样容易容易译译出。出。lNot every idiom translates with such ease.l这这布很耐洗。布很耐洗。lThe cloth washes well.l这这种材料不种材料不经经久耐用。久耐用。lThis material wont wear.l这门这门打不开。打不开。lThe door wont open.l这屋子租不出去。这屋子租不出去。lThe house wont let.6142第42页，本讲稿共43页Homework:l Chapter 18l Exercise 186143第43页，本讲稿共43页