阅读理解专项训练：主旨大意题——段落大意类- 高考英语二轮复习.docx

主旨大意题段落大意类A2021·泰安市高三一轮检测 When British musician Paul Barton performs in central Thailand lately, his energetic listeners react wildly. Some pull his hair or jump on his piano. Others steal his music papers. The behavior is normal, however, because these crowds are truly wildwild monkeys to be exact. Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations of wild macaque monkeys. The pianist hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the coronavirus crisis.The disease has caused problems for the monkeys, too. They are hungry. The restrictions on tourism mean fewer people come to see the monkeys and feed them. “We need to make an effort to make sure that they eat properly. And when they eat properly they will be calmer and will not be aggressive，” said Barton, 59, a long­time Thailand resident. Barton has played at four sites in Lopburi, including at an ancient Hindu temple, a store and an old movie theater.The macaques quickly surround Barton when he plays Greensleeves, Beethoven's Für ELise and Michael Nyman's Diary of Love. Some of the creatures sit on his chair, while others climb up his body and touch his head. “A wonderful opportunity to see the wild animals just being themselves，” said Barton, from Yorkshire in northern England.But, Barton keeps his attention on his performance, even as a small monkey runs over his hands on the instrument. Other monkeys take control of his music papers. “I was surprised to play the piano and find that they were actually eating the music as I was playing it. ” But, he added，“I wasn't going to let those things distract from the project which is to play the music for these wonderful macaques. ”The monkeys are Barton's latest animal fans. Past wildlife audiences included elephants living in special protected areas. Barton hopes to raise awareness of the monkeys' hunger. At the same time, he hopes to study their behavior as they react to classical music.1Why is the author not surprised at Barton's audience's rude reaction ?APaul Barton performed badly.BThe audience are monkeys in the zoo.CThe audience are monkeys in the wild.DThe monkeys are infected by the coronavirus.2What can be inferred about the coronavirus?AIt caused no trouble for the monkeys.BIt affected Thailand's tourism seriously.CIt made wild monkeys live more happily.DIt made wild monkeys eat more properly.3What does Barton consider his performance himself?ATo be a good opportunity to save wild animals.BTo be a good opportunity to restrict wild animals.CTo be a good chance to tame wild animals.DTo be a good chance to observe wild animals.4What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?AThe past performances of Barton.BBarton's efforts to protect classical music.CThe purpose of Barton's performance.DBarton's research on monkeys' behavior.B2021·福州市质量检测 Can a fish be depressed? This question has been on my head ever since I spent a night in a hotel across from a sad­looking fish.The pleasant woman at the front desk assured me that he was well taken care of. Was I incorrectly assuming his laziness was a sign of being upset?When I sought answers from scientists, I assumed that they would find the question ridiculous, but they did not. New research has been totally shifting the way that scientists think about fish cognition (认知), building a case that pet and owner are not nearly as different as many assume. The neurochemistry (神经化学) is so similar that it's scary, said Julian Pittman，a professor. We tend to think of them as simple living things, but there is a lot we don't give fish credit for.Dr. Pittman likes working with fish, in part because they are so obvious about their depression. A zebra fish gets dropped in a new tank. If after five minutes it is hanging out in the lower half, it's depressed. If it's swimming up the top, then it's not.Is depression the right word? There's an obvious issue that we cannot ask animals how they feel, says Dr. Diego A. Pizzagalli. Neither fish nor rats can catch the entire range of depression as we know it.There is a heated debate about whether “anxious” or“depressed” is a more appropriate term. But what has convinced Dr. Pittman and others over the past ten years, is watching the way the zebra fish lose interest in just about everything: food, toys, exploration, just like clinically depressed people who are withdrawn. The same is true of fish.One of the things we're finding is that fish are naturally curious and seek novel things out, said Dr. Braithwaite. In other words, your goldfish is probably bored. To help get rid of depression, she urges introducing new objects to the tank or switching the locations of items.5What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Fish are considered simple living things.BPet and owner are always assumed to be the same.CScientists have learnt a lot about fish cognition.DFish and human beings have something in common.6What does the underlined word “withdrawn” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?AQuiet and shy.BHappy and excited.CInterested and careful.DDisappointed and surprised.7Why can fish become bored according to the text?AThey need oxygen from the air.BThey are not born to be curious.CThey lack new things to explore.DThey can't locate the positions of items.8What might be the best title for the text?AFish Depression Is Not a JokeBFish Can Be a Boring PetCFish Need Better Care MoreDFish Cognition Does Not ExistC2021·青岛市5月统一检测 Adults with a poor education are also likely to have poor health, a growing body of evidence suggests. Study after study has confirmed the link, and now experts are zeroing in on the reasons for it and what can be done. “Persons with a higher education tend to have better jobs, and better income，better benefits，” said David R. Williams, a professor of public health in America.Those benefits, he said, go beyond health benefits to include such other factors as having the flexibility to take a day off or part of a day to see a doctor. “People with higher levels of education tend to have more resources to cope with stress and life，” Williams said. They have stress, of course, but also more resources to cope with itsuch as access to a health club to exercise away the stressthan people with less education, he said.“Being better educated also means that a person is more likely to understand the world of modern medicine，” said Erik Angner, an assistant professor of philosophy and economics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, who has researched the link between education and happiness. “Modern medicine is incredibly complex. And if you lack the basic reading skills required to function adequately in the health­care environment, you might find it harder to effectively understand your medical care.”A report issued by Williams' commission found that, compared with college graduates, adults who did not graduate from high school were 2.5 times as likely to be less than very good health. The report suggested that factors outside the medical system play an important role in determining people's health. Access to medical care is crucial, but it isn't enough to improve health. What's needed, they suggested, is increased focus on schools and educationencouraging people to obtain more education.9Which of the following can be the best title for the text?APoor Education May Lead to Poor HealthBHigher Education Can Bring More IncomeCHappiness Comes from Good EducationDMedical Care Safeguards Good Health10What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?AResources to deal with life.BWays to exercise away stress.CFactors concerning a higher education.DBenefits related to a higher education.11What can we learn from Angner's words?ABetter education means understanding the world better.BModern medicine world is too difficult to understand.C.People with a good education may be happier.DReading skills help in understanding medical care.12What is stressed in the report, issued by Williams' commission?AAdults are less likely to have good health.BThe medical system determines people's health.CMore education is needed to improve health.DMore access to medical care is important.A1答案与解析：C细节理解题。该题问的是为什么作者对Barton的观众的粗鲁反应并不感到惊讶。根据关键句“The behavior is normal, however, because these crowds are truly wildwild monkeys to be exact.(第一段第四句)”可知，因为Barton的观众是野生猴子，所以作者对它们的反应并不惊讶。故选C。2答案与解析：B推理判断题。该题问的是关于冠状病毒我们能推断出什么。根据关键句“The disease has caused problems for the monkeys，too. They are hungry. The restrictions on tourism mean fewer people come to see the monkeys and feed them.(第二段第一至三句)”可推知，新冠疫情严重影响了泰国的旅游业。故选B。3答案与解析：D细节理解题。该题问的是Barton是如何看待自己的表演的。根据关键句“A wonderful opportunity to see the wild animals just being themselves，” said Barton, from Yorkshire in northern England.(第三段最后一句)可知，Barton认为自己的表演是一个观察野生动物的好机会。故选D。4答案与解析：C段落大意题。该题问的是第五段主要讲了什么。根据最后一段内容尤其是关键句“Barton hopes to raise awareness of the monkeys' hunger. At the same time，he hopes to study their behavior as they react to classical music.(最后一段最后两句)”可知，本段主要介绍了Barton演奏的目的。故选C。B5答案与解析：D考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据文章第三段中的“building a case that pet and owner are not nearly as different as many assume”及“The neurochemistry(神经化学)is so similar that it's scary”可推知，该段主要讲鱼和人类有一些共同之处，故选D。6答案与解析：A考查理解词汇的能力。根据画线词所在句“just like clinically depressed people who are withdrawn”可知，该画线词描述患抑郁症的人的特点，结合常识可推知，A项(安静且羞怯)符合语境。7答案与解析：C考查推断的能力。根据题干中的fish become bored定位至文章最后一段中的“One of the things. seek novel things out”及“To help get rid of depression，she urges introducing new objects”，由此可推知鱼出现厌烦情绪的原因是其没有新奇的事物去探索，因此选C。8答案与解析：A考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据文章首段中的“Can a fish be depressed？”，第三段中的“When I sought answers from scientists，I assumed that they would find the question ridiculous，but they did not”及第六段中的“The same is true of fish”可知，全文的主题是鱼也会抑郁，故A项“鱼会抑郁不是一个笑话”可作文章的最佳标题。C9答案与解析：A标题概括题。通读全文尤其是第一段第一句中的“Adults with a poor education are also likely to have poor health”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究表明一个人的健康状况可能与他所接受的教育有关。A项体现了本文的核心，是最适合本文的标题。故选A。10答案与解析：D段落大意题。通读第二段内容尤其是第二句中的“People with higher levels of education tend to have more resources to cope with stress and life”可知，有更高教育水平的人常常拥有更多的资源来应对压力与生活。由此可知，第二段介绍了与更高的教育水平有关的好处。故选D。11答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“And if you lack the basic reading skills required to function adequately in the health­care environment, you might find it harder to effectively understand your medical care.”可知，如果你缺少在医疗环境中所需的充分起作用的基本阅读技巧，你可能会发现有效地理解你的医疗护理更难。由此可推知，阅读技巧有助于理解医疗护理。故选D。12答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据最后一段内容尤其是最后一句可知，William认为，接受医疗护理是至关重要的，但还不足以改善健康状况，还需要关注教育鼓励人们获得更多的教育。由此可知，报告中强调改善健康水平需要更多的教育。故选C。