中考形容词、副词知识点.pdf
形容词形容词&副词知识点副词知识点考点一、形容词考点一、形容词1 1、概念：、概念：形容词表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征性质、状态、特征，用来修饰名词或不定代词，常作定语、表语、宾补定语、表语、宾补2 2、分类：、分类： （1）根据构成，可分为简单简单形容词（kind, boring）和复合复合形容词（kind-hearted, hard-working）（2）根据与所修饰的名词的关系，分为限定性限定性形容词（a French dish, a Chinese table）和描述性描述性形容词（a delicious dish, a smooth table）3 3、形容词的一般用法、形容词的一般用法（1 1）形容词）形容词+ +名词，作定语名词，作定语a good girl（good 作 girl 的定语）（2 2）be/be/系动词系动词+ +形容词，作表语形容词，作表语It is good. / It sounds great.（good 表明 it 的状态和性质）（3 3）表语形容词，只能位于系动词后面作表语，不能作定语）表语形容词，只能位于系动词后面作表语，不能作定语eg：awake, alone, alive, asleep, afraid, well, ill, frightened（scared 可作定语）（4 4）动词）动词+ +形容词形容词(make / keepadj.)(make / keepadj.)，作宾补Robots can make humans lazy.（humans 是宾语，lazy 作宾补）（5 5）数量）数量+ +表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词（形容词后置）表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词（形容词后置）eg：two meters long, ten centimeters wide, twenty feet deep, 28 years old.（6 6）the+the+形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数the old / young / rich / poor.（7 7）形似副词的形容词）形似副词的形容词lonely, friendly, lively, lovely, sillylonely, friendly, lively, lovely, silly（8 8）以）以 inging 结尾的形容词通常修饰结尾的形容词通常修饰物物，以，以 eded 结尾的形容词通常修饰结尾的形容词通常修饰人人eg：exciting-excited, boring-bored, interesting-interested, moving-moved, tiring-tired, relaxing-relaxed,frightening-frightened, disappointing-disappointed特殊的：特殊的：pleasantpleasant 令人愉快的人或物，令人愉快的人或物，pleasedpleased 人感到满意愉快的人感到满意愉快的（9）一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式eg：be glad / happy / pleased to do sth.be sorry / sad / sure to do sth.be ready / afraid / able to do sth.be easy / difficult to do sth.（1010）只能作定语的形容词）只能作定语的形容词eg：little, only, wooden, woolen, elder4 4、形容词的位置、形容词的位置（1 1）形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前，作定语）形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前，作定语eg：an honest boy, many beautiful flowers（2 2）多个形容词连用）多个形容词连用先形状，后颜色，中间夹新旧，最后是材质先形状，后颜色，中间夹新旧，最后是材质eg：thisbignewredplasticpen 描述性形容词：对某事物的总体评价 形状(大小, 长短)：oval,square,rectangle,triangle,round,big,small,l ong,short 新旧：new(young),old 颜色：red,blue,white,black,purple,pink,yell ow,orange,green 材料：woolen, wooden, stone, golden, leather, woolen描述性形形状（大新旧颜色材料名词容词小，长短）weaksmalloldmanbeautifullittlewhitestonebridgeprettybig,roundnewredwoodendesknicelongbluewoolensweater（3 3）adj. / adv. + enoughadj. / adv. + enough，enoughenough 后置后置eg：old / tall / quickly enough（4 4）不定代词）不定代词+ +形容词，作后置定语形容词，作后置定语something important（5 5）表语形容词作定语时，通常放在不定代词的后面，常用的是）表语形容词作定语时，通常放在不定代词的后面，常用的是 alive, awake, asleepalive, awake, asleep等等eg：He was the only person awake at that night. / You are the happiest children alive.5 5、形容词的常见句式、形容词的常见句式（1 1）ItsIts adj. of sb. to do sth.adj. of sb. to do sth.表示表示“ “某人做某事某人做某事”用法：这一句型中，用的是描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词常见的有：nice-kind-good-polite, clever-foolish-lazy, careful-careless, right-wrong（2 2）ItsIts adj. for sb. to do sth.adj. for sb. to do sth.表示表示“ “做某事对某人来说做某事对某人来说”常用的形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible考点二、副词考点二、副词1 1、概念：、概念：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词及整个句子动词、形容词、其它副词及整个句子的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等2 2、副词的分类、副词的分类（1）时间副词：now, early, then, soon, before, ago等（2）地点副词：home, here, there, out, above, below, outside, up, down, downstairs等（3）程度副词：very, much, still, almost, quite, so, too等（4）疑问副词：how, when, where, why等（5）关系副词：when, where why（放在引导的定语从句句首）（6）连接副词：how, where, why, whether等（引导宾语从句）3 3、副词的一般用法、副词的一般用法（1 1）用作状语）用作状语 修饰动词修饰动词eg：He speaks English verywellwell. 修饰形容词修饰形容词eg：You have averyvery nice watch. 修饰其它副词修饰其它副词eg：You runtootoo fast. / You did itprettypretty well. 修饰整个句子修饰整个句子eg：Luckily, He passed the exam successfully. / Suddenly, he fell into a river.（2 2）用作后置定语）用作后置定语eg：The people here are very friendly. / The weather abroad is different from ours.（3 3）用作表语，主要限于少数）用作表语，主要限于少数地点或方位地点或方位副词，时间副词以及其它副词（副词，时间副词以及其它副词（in, out, on, off, up, down, over, aroundin, out, on, off, up, down, over, around ）eg：I am home. / Hell be back in two minutes.（4 4）用作宾补）用作宾补eg：I saw him outout.4 4、副词的位置、副词的位置（1 1）通常放在被修饰的动词后面）通常放在被修饰的动词后面eg：He passed the exam easily. / We finished this task successfully.（2 2）频度副词）频度副词 always, often, sometimes, usually, never, seldomalways, often, sometimes, usually, never, seldom常放在动词之前，常放在动词之前，bebe 动词和情态动词之后动词和情态动词之后eg：He sometimes go to school on foot. / I seldom eat out on school days.He is often late for school.She can always go to school in a car.（3 3）程度副词放在被修饰的形容词之前）程度副词放在被修饰的形容词之前eg：He is veryvery sad to hear that. / The boy istootoo young.（4 4）修饰整个句子的副词以及）修饰整个句子的副词以及 perhaps, maybe, first, now, sometimes, finallyperhaps, maybe, first, now, sometimes, finally等常放在句首等常放在句首eg：Perhaps / Maybe you are right.First, lets begin our class with a song.Now, let me tell you something important.Finally, he appeared.（5 5）adv. + enoughadv. + enough，enoughenough 后置后置eg：If you have enough time, you can go now.He runs quickly enough to get there on time.（6）时间副词和地点副词一般在句尾，地点副词在时间副词前，时间副词也可放在句首eg：They went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home.5 5、及物动词短语（后面的物是人称代词、及物动词短语（后面的物是人称代词 you, him, her, it, themyou, him, her, it, them时，必须放中间）时，必须放中间）awayaway：take away, put away, send awaydowndown：take down, write down, put downupup：look up, send up, put up, dress up, ring up, give upoutout：find out, wear out, sell out, try out, take outonon：put on, try on, turn onoffoff：turn off, take off其它的：其它的：look over, look around6 6、几个常用副词的区别、几个常用副词的区别（1 1）how long / soon / often / farhow long / soon / often / farHow longHow long问时间和物体的长短问时间和物体的长短How soon“How soon“多久，多块多久，多块” ”，用于一般将来时，用，用于一般将来时，用“in+“in+时间段时间段” ”来回答来回答 How often 问做某事的频率，常用“once, twice, three times”来回答How farHow far问距离的长短问距离的长短（2 2）hard / hardlyhard / hardly hard“努力地，认真地”，程度副词work hardhardly“hardly“几乎不几乎不” ”，否定副词，否定副词He can hardly see the words on the blackboard.He can hardly see the words on the blackboard.（3 3）much too / too muchmuch too / too muchmuch too+adj. / adv.much too+adj. / adv.原级，与原级，与too manytoo many相对，中心词是相对，中心词是tootooeg：much too cold / He finished his homework much too quickly.too much+too much+不可数名词，中心词时不可数名词，中心词时muchmuchHe has too much time.He has too much time.too much 也可作程度副词Dont eat too much, its bad for your health.（4 4）too, enough, sotoo, enough, sotoototooto表示否定的意思，太表示否定的意思，太而不能而不能eg：He is too young to go to school.adj. / adv.adj. / adv.原级原级+enough+to do+enough+to do，足够，足够去去eg：He is seven now, he is old enough to go to school.so+adj. / adv.so+adj. / adv.原级原级+that+that+从句，如此从句，如此以至于以至于eg：He is so young that he cant go to school.考点三、形容词和副词的区别考点三、形容词和副词的区别1 1、形容词用法：系动词、形容词用法：系动词+ +形容词，形容词形容词，形容词+ +名词名词eg：He is careful. / He is a careful boy.2 2、副词用法：行为动词、副词用法：行为动词+ +副词副词eg：The bottle can break easily.考点四、形容词和副词的三级：原级、比较级和最高级考点四、形容词和副词的三级：原级、比较级和最高级1 1、adj. & adv.adj. & adv.的比较级和最高级的规则变化：的比较级和最高级的规则变化：（1 1）单音节形容词的比较级和最高级）单音节形容词的比较级和最高级 一般末尾直接加一般末尾直接加erer和和estesteg：tall-taller-tallest, strong-stronger-strongest, long-longer-longest, hard-harder-hardest 以不发音的以不发音的e e结尾的形容词，在末尾直接加结尾的形容词，在末尾直接加r r或或st steg：nice-nicer-nicest, late-later-latest, large-larger-largest 辅音字母加辅音字母加y y结尾的形容词，去结尾的形容词，去y y加加ierier和和iestiesteg：happy-happier-happiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest, easy-easier-easiest, healty-healthier-healthiest 以重读闭音节结尾的（辅以重读闭音节结尾的（辅- -元元- -辅）形容词，且只有一个辅音字母，双写最后一个字母，再加辅）形容词，且只有一个辅音字母，双写最后一个字母，再加erer和和estesteg：fat-fatter-fattest, thin-thinner-thinnest, hot-hotter-hottest, big-bigger-biggest, red-redder-reddest（2 2）多音节形容词的比较级和最高级和以）多音节形容词的比较级和最高级和以 ly ly 结尾的大多数副词：加结尾的大多数副词：加 moremore和和 (the) most(the) mosteg：handsome-more handsome-(the) most handsome, beautiful-more beautiful-(the) most beautifulslowly-more solely-(the) most slowly, friendly-more friendly-(the) most friendly,quickly-more quickly-(the) most quickly, clearly-more clearly-(the) most clearly其它常见词：interesting, difficult, important, popular, comfortable, necessary, successful, wonderful,attractive, dangerous, terrible, humorous, delicious, expensive, excited特殊的：early-earlier-earliest2 2、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级good, well-better-(the) best, bad, badly, ill-worse-(the) worst, many, much-more-(the) most, old-elder,little-less-(the) least, far-farther-farthest（掌握）或 further-furthest（了解）3 3、三级的用法、三级的用法（1 1）原级的用法：）原级的用法： 只能修饰原级的有只能修饰原级的有very, as, so, too, enough, quitevery, as, so, too, enough, quite等等eg：The old man is too old to go on walking. / He runs so quickly that no one can catch him.He is old enough to go to school. 原级常用的句型结构原级常用的句型结构a)a) asas（形容词（形容词 / / 副词原级）副词原级）asas表示表示“A“A 和和 B B 的程度相同的程度相同” ”eg：He is as tall as his brother. / He runs as quickly as Jim.b)b) not as / sonot as / so（形容词（形容词 / / 副词原级）副词原级）asas表示表示“A“A 不如不如 B”B”eg：That girl isnt as / so fat as Amy.He doesnt walk as slowly as you.c) c)A+A+倍数倍数+as+adj. / adv.+as+adj. / adv.原级原级+as+B+as+B表示表示“A“A 是是 B B 的的倍倍” ”eg：Our school is three times as big as this one.He runs twice as quickly as Jim.d) half + as + adj. / adv.d) half + as + adj. / adv.原级原级+as+as表示表示“是是的一半的一半” ”eg：His apples are half as many as his sisters.He runs half as quickly as Jim.e) less + adj. / adv.e) less + adj. / adv.原级原级+than+than表示“没有adj. / adv.”eg：She is less beautiful than her sister.He runs less quickly than Jim.（2 2）比较级的用法：）比较级的用法：A+v.+A+v.+比较级比较级+than+B+than+B，表示，表示“A“A比比B”B”eg：Jim is taller than Tom. / Soccer is more popular than tennis.A+v.+A+v.+倍数倍数+ +比较级比较级+than+B+than+B，表示，表示“A“A比比B”B”或或“A“A比比BB几倍几倍” ”eg：This ball is three times bigger than that ball.He runs ten times faster than his brother.
