人教版八年级上册英语知识点总结.docx

八年级上册重要知识点Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？1. 一般过去时（动词过去式规则变化）2. enough 作形容词，足够的，修饰名词时，置于名词前；作副词，足够，放在形容词、副词后。如：Mr. Smith has enough money, but he isnt kind enough to helpothers.3. else 作 形 容 词 ， 修 饰 疑 问 代 词 和 不 定 代 词 后 置what else, who else, something else如 ：4. 复合不定代词的用法 5.【延伸】one of +the most +adj +n 复数，表示“最之一” 如：He is oneof the most famous writers in China.a most +adj +n 非常如 ：Hangzhou is a most beautiful city.6.反身代词 Did you buy anything for yourself?（做介词宾语） The old man taught himself English.（做动词宾语） The cow was itself again.又恢复了原状（做表语） I myself visited my aunt last weekend. （做同位语）7. 8. another two hours=two more hours9. 感叹句 How +形容词+主语+谓语!+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!What a/an+形容词What +形容词 +复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语!10. so that 引导目的状语从句，以便，为了（in order to）如：they gotup early so that they could catch the bus.so +adj +that + 结 果 状 语 从 句 ， “ 如 此 以 致 ”I was so busy that I didnt go to sleep for 3 days.so +adj + （ a/ an+n 单 数 ） thatIt is so important a meeting that I cant miss it.such+ a/ an+ adj + n 单 数 +thatIt is such an important meeting that I cant miss it.such+ adj+n 复数/不可数+that如 ：如 ：如 ： Unit 2 How often do you exercise？1. how 如何（方式）how long 多长（时间）答语常用“For +时间段”how far 多远（距离）答语常用“Its +数词 +miles/ meters/ kilometers”how often 多久一次（频率）答语常用“Always/ often/ every day/”或 “次数+时间”等表频率的状语how soon 多快，多久以后，常用在将来时中。答语常用“in +时间段”how many 多少（接可数名词） how much（接不可数名词）2. exercise 作 v 锻炼，运动作c n. 操，练习 do morning/eye exercises作uc 锻炼 take much/ more exercise3. 4.5. die 动词，消失，死亡；名词形式 death，形容词形式 dead。dying adj垂死的，快死的die 是非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用die out 灭绝，消失 如：The wild animals are in danger of dyingout.6.7.8. by 介词+n/ v-ing/ 代词 通过方式by oneself 独自地 by the way 顺便问/说一下 by chance/ accident偶然地 by mistake 错误地 learn by heart 记住Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister.1. make sb do sth 让某人做某事make sb/ sth +adjmake sb +n.make me happyWe made him monitor. make sb +过去分词 She spoke aloud to make herself heard.make it 约定时间，做成某事 Lets make it at 10:00. Dont2.3. 形容词、副词等级的用法原级的用法只能修饰原级的词：very，quiet，so，too，rather。asas和一样（中间用原级） 否定形式：not as/soas和不一样如：This room is not so/as big as that one.比较级的用法可以修饰比较级的词：much，a lot，far，a little，a bit，even，still，pretty。eg：Im much/ a little / a lot / a bit /far more outgoing than my sister. Im even worse now.than比eg：Im taller than you. 选 择 疑 问 句 中 ， 二 选 一 时eg ：Who do you think is more outgoing，Lily or Lucy？用比较级表示最高级的意思eg：He is taller than any other student in his class. = He is the talleststudent in his class.“比较级+and +比较级”表示“变得越来越”（多音节或部分双音节用 more and more+原级）eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. Youre gettingmore and more beautiful. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，就越”eg: The more you exercise, the stronger you will be.比较级中出现 of the two/ twins 结构时，比较级前要+the，也不可用 thaneg：Tom is the taller of the two brothers.为避免重复，在 than 后常用 one，that，those，及所有格等来替代前面提到过的名词。eg：The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Wuhan.e is newer than Toms.My bikThe students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two.不能与人或事物自身相比较 eg：He is taller than any other student in his class. China is larger than anycountry in Africa.比大/多/长/宽几倍，用“主语+be+times+比较级+than+比较对象”eg: Our classroom is twice larger than yours.重几斤，高几公分，大几岁，用“主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象”eg: Im six years older than you.最高级的用法用于三者或三者以上的比较eg：Which do you like best,Chinese, Math or English？形容词最高级前一定要加 the，副词最高级前可省略 the有范围（in，of，among 或从句等）修饰的用最高级 eg: Winteris the coldest season of the year.“one of the+形容词最高级+n.复数”表示“最之一”eg：Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.“the +序数词+最高级+n.单数+范围”表示“在范围内是第几”eg：Hainan is the second largest island in China.形容词和副词最高级的其它表达方式 Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater？1. talent n.天资，才能 talented adj.有天赋的 (untalented)have a talent for (doing) sth. 对（做）某事有天赋be talented in 在某方面有天分2. think of 认为，考虑，想起think up 想出think about 思考，考虑think over 仔细考虑3. havein common 有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同 eg. Thetwo games have much in common. 4. be up to sb 由某人决定seriously 认真对待5.make up 编造take6. 英语中 not 与 everybody，all，everyone，everything，both 等词连用时，都表示部分否定，意为“并不都” eg. Not everybodylikes sports.并非每人都喜欢运动。表示全部否定，要用 none，nothing，no one，neither 等。7. poor 贫穷的，可怜的，差的如：He has a poor memory.bein a poor health8. voice 嗓音（说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声）in a low voice 小声地noise 杂音 sound 任何可以听到的声音Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show？1. -Would you mind (ones) doing sth?你介意（某人）做某事吗?-I am sorry, but I do./Not at all./Certainly not./Of cause not.Never mind.不要紧，没关系。mind （doing） sth 介意做某事make up ones mind 下决心change ones mind 改变主意2. stand 忍受，容忍 cant stand (sb) doing sth 无法忍受某人做某事3. plan to do sth/ plan on sth 计划做某事plan for sth 为计划 make a plan for 为制定计划keep in ones mind 记住 4.5. happen 发生，出现，是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，且主语多是表示事物的名词或代词。sth happen +地点/时间，某事/某地发生某事eg：The story happened in America.sth happen to sb/ sth 某人/物发生某事eg：A car accident happened to him.sb happen to do/ it happens that 碰巧发生某事eg：I happened to meet a friend in the street.注】happen 一般用来强调某事发生的偶然性。若表示事先安排或有准备的事情或活动发生，要用 take place。eg：Our wedding will takeplace in May.6. mean v.意味着（三单为 means）7. means n.方法、工具、手段by means ofmean to do sth 打算做某事 mean doing sth 意味着 eg：To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力.meaning n. 意义、含义 the meaning ofmeaningless adj. 毫无意义的meaningful 有意义的8. be/get ready to do sth 愿意/准备做某事get ready for 为做准备8. success n.成功succeed v .成功 succeed in (doing) sth 成功地做某事successful adj.成功的be successful in (doing) sth 成功地做某事successfully adv.成功地9. wear 表状态，接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等put on 表动作，接服装（take off）dress 表动作，接 sb/ oneself get dressed 穿衣 dress up 盛装打扮try on 试穿（动副结构） try it on(be) in+颜色或衣服 eg：The girl in a red coat is my sister.Unit 6 I am going to study computer science.1. keep+形容词，表示保持某种状态keep+sb/sth+形容词，表示使某人或某物保持某种状态keep doing sth 不断地做某事keep on doing sth 坚持做某事keep sb doing sth 使某人持续做某事keep sb from doing sth= stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做 某事2. medicineUC take medicine 吃药 pillC药丸 Medical adj.医学的 medically adv.3. 日期、月份、年份等前面有 next、last、this 等词语时，要省略前面的介词 on、in4. send sth to 把寄往 send sth to sb= send sb sthsend sb to do 派人去做 send for 派人去请 send up 发射 send out分发 send off 寄出5. be able to do 能 够 做 某 事 able adj. 能 够ability n. 能 力(disability)6. have to do with 关于，与有关 have nothing to do with 与无关7. take up 培养，学着做，占用（时间、空间） Unit 7 Will people have robots?1. Do you know+ 陈述语序 回答时，针对从句部分回答Do you know there will be a football match this afternoon? Yes, there will./ No, there wont2. in+时间段是指以现在时间为起点的"在一段时间以后"，句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态。若表示将来某一刻之后，要用 after 而不能用 in。如：she will finishthe work after 6 oclock.3. pollute v. 污 染pollution UC 污染 white/ air/ water/ noise pollutionpolluted adj. 被污染的 polluted water4. hundred, thousand, million(百万), billion 表示不确切的数目时，在词尾加 s,且和 of 连用，表示数百，数千，数百万，数十亿。当这些词前有数词或 several,some 等修饰词时则不加 s,也不跟介词of 连用，直接跟名词。5. in the future 在 将 来believe in 信 任 某 人 的 为 人 ， 信 仰over and over again 反复，再三wake up 醒来，叫醒old 活到 200 岁fall down 倒塌live to be 100 years Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?1.不可数名词没有复数形式，不可以与定冠词 a/ an 连用 ，但是可用“数字+量词+of”修饰a cup of tea，a piece of paper/ news/ chalk，a bottle of milk不可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数；如果前面有复数名词短语修饰，谓语动词用复数。Some milk is in the bottle. There are two bottles of milk on the table.对不可数名词提问用 how much；前面有表示数量的名词短语修饰时，提问用 how many。How much sugar do we need? How many cups of tea are there on the table?2. 有的名词，既可以做可数名词又可以做不可数名词room 房间 空间chicken 小鸡 鸡肉orange 橙子 橙汁间work 作品，著作工作exercise 练习，操 运动，锻炼time 次数，倍数 时fish 鱼，鱼类 鱼肉（fish 鱼，单复数同形，one fish 一条鱼，two fish 两条鱼；two fishes两种鱼）3. cut up 切碎 = cutinto pieces cut sth in two/ half 将某物切成两 半 cut out 删减 cut down 砍倒4. putin/ into把放进里put on 穿上，上演 put out 熄灭 put down 放下put up 举起，搭建 put away 把收起来放好 put off doing 推迟5. FirstNextThenFinally 首先接下来然后 .最后6. need to do sth. 需 要 做 某 事 need doing= need to be done 需 要被 neednt= dont have to 不必要7. half a/ an一半的 half a cup 半杯Half of+ 名词 做主语，谓语动词取决于后面的名词Eg：Half of the books are novels. Half of his money was stolen.9. serve sb (with) sth serve sth to sb 把某物提供给某人，招待某人某物 Unit 9 Can you come to my party？1.邀请：Can/ Could you? Would you like/ love to?Will you please?Shall we?接受：Sure/Certainly/ With pleasure/Of course/ Id love to/That sound great /Thank you for inviting me.拒绝：Sorry, I cant. But/ Im afraid not./ Id love to, but / Sorry, Im afraid I cant.2. available 人做主语意为“有空的，能够出席的” ；物做主语意为“有效的，有用的，可获得的”3. Whats today? 今天几号，星期几？Whats the date today?今天几月几号？Its Monday the 14 .thWhat day is it today?今天星期几？4.hearfromsb收到某人的来信 = get/ receive a letter from sb.5. reply in writing 书面回复hear of = hear about 听说reply to sth/sb. 对.作出回答Unit 10 If you go to the party, youll have a great time!1. 主将从现：if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时2. have a great /good/ excellent/ wonderful/ nice/ pleasant time+V-ing = h ave fun+V-ing = enjoy oneself3. 交通工具的表达：take+限定词+交通工具 take the bus 乘公共汽车by+交通工具 by bus 乘公共汽车in/ on+限定词+交通工具 in the car on the planeon foot 步行4. do/ does/ did 代 替 前 文 出 现 的 事eg ：I think Ill take the bus to the party. If you do, youll be late.5. order food 点餐=take ones order in order (not) to do 为了（不） inorder thatorder sb (not) to do 命令某人（不）做某事6. 疑 问 词 + 不 定 式 做 宾 语eg ：I dont know what to do= I dont know how to do it7. give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议 take/ follow ones advice听从某人的意见adviceUC suggestion Cadvise v.建议 advise sb. to do sth.劝告某人做某事8. make careless mistakes 犯 粗 心 的 错 误地 mistake A for B 错把 A 当 Bby mistake 错 误9. be afraid of sb/ sth 害怕某人/某物 be afraid of doing sth 害怕/担心某事发生be afraid to do sth 不 敢 做 某 事be afraid for 为 担心 be afraid (that)恐怕（让对方失望） 10. keepto oneself 保守秘密run away from 逃避；逃跑