小学阶段英语语法大全.docx

学习好资料欢迎下载小学阶段英语语法大全名词一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如 worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如 people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可 数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如 meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如 work, homework, time,health, friendship等)。二、 可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：book booksroom roomshouse housesday days2. 以 s,ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：bus busesglass glasseswatch watchesdish dishes box boxes3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将 y 改为 i再加-es。如：city citiesbody bodiesfactory factories等等。4. 以 f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f 或fe 改为 v 再加-es。如：half halves leaf leaves knife kniveswife wives5. 特例 悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。 child children man men woman womenpoliceman policemen policewoman-policewomen tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 悄悄话： 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s 喽！如：photo photos foot feet tooth teeth 悄悄话： oo 变成ee。 mouse-mice fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanes单e 、复数同形悄悄话： 变复数时词形不变。 people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people 的复数形式peoples 通常指"多个民族"。三、 不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义发生变化。如：water (水) waters (水域)orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子)3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义多不发生变化。如：fruit fruitsfood foodsfish fisheshair hairs 写出下列各词的复数I him this her watch child photo diary day foot book dress tooth sheep box strawberry thief yo-yo peach sandwich man woman paper juice water milk rice tea 用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many (sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of (water) in the bottle.5. There are five (people ) in his family.6. Let's take (photo), OK?7. I have lots of (tomato) here.8. The (leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The (child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their (dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white (hair).12. They are (woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of (orange), please?14. There are many (fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple (juice). I am very thirsty. 一般现在时一般现在时的功能1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与 always，often，usually，every day，sometimes等连用。如：I get up at six every da我y.每天六点起床。2. 表示客观事实。如：The earth goes around the sun地. 球绕着太阳转。3. 用在格言或谚语中。如：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。一般现在时的构成1. be动词：陈述句：主语+be(am,is,are)其+ 它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+ be + not其+ 它。如：He is not a worker他.不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2. 行为动词：陈述句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it时)，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't )动+词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't 构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Do you often play football? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does 构成一般疑问句。如 ：Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 第三人称单数 动词+s 的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2. 以 s. x. sh. ch结. 尾o ，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches,go-goes3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为i,再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时练习：一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink go stay make look have pass carry _ come watch teach plant fly study do 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often (have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy (be) in Class One.3. We (not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. they (like) the World Cup?6. What _they often (do) on Saturdays?7. your parents (read) newspapers every day?8. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I (take) a walk together every evening.10. There (be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike (like) cooking.12. They (have) the same hobby.13. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully.14. You always (do) your homework well.15. I (be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She (go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao (do) not like PE.18. The child often (watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang (have) eight lessons this term.20. What day (be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening改.(为否定句)2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)3. She likes milk改.(为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)4. Amy likes playing computer games改.(为一般疑问句，作否定回答)5. We go to school every morning改.(为否定句)6. He speaks English very wel改l.为( 否定句)7. I like taking photos in the pa对rk划.(线部分提问)8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)9. She is always a good student改.(为一般疑问句，作否定回答)10. Simon and Daniel like going skati改ng为.(否定句)一般过去时 1一般过去时的功能（1） 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：We visited our uncle last wee上k.周我们探望了我们的叔叔。（2） ）一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：I watched TV every day last month上. 个月我每天都看电视。常和表示过去的时间状语连用表示过去的时间状语1、yesterdayYesterday ，the day before yesterday，yesterday evening2 、lastlast nigh，t last+时间(last week , last month, last year)3 、agoa moment ago （=just now），long long ag，o “一段时间+ago”表示“前”。如：threedays ago”4 、这一组,是考试常考的,需要特别记忆!this morning，when I was five years ol，d in +过去时间词(in 1998)，once upon atime(很久以前)2. Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am和is在一般过去时中变为was 。are 在一般过去时中变为were 。带有 was 或were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, ar一e 样，即否定句在 was或were 后加not（was not=wasnt，were not=weren）t，一般疑问句把 was 或were调到句首。3. 句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didnt动+词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则：1. 一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2. 结尾是 e 加d，如：taste-tasted3. 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母， 再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isam fly plant are drink play go make does dance worry ask taste eat draw put throw kick pass do Be 动词的过去时练习（1）一、 用be 动词的适当形式填空1. I at school just now. 2. He at the camp last week.3. We students two years ago.4. They on the farm amoment ago.5. Yang Ling eleven years old last year.6. There an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evening.二、 句型转换1. It was exciting.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 2. All the students were very excited.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 3. They were in his pocket.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： Be 动词的过去时练习（2 ）一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I an English teacher now.2. She happy yesterday.3. They glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy good friends.5. The little dog two yearsold this year.6. Look, there lots of grapes here.7. There a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today the second of June. Yesterday the first of June. It Childrens Day. All the students very excited.二、句型转换1. There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 肯、否定回答： 三 、 中 译 英1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。2. 他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。3. 一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。行为动词的过去时练习（1）一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) abird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (sing) and (dance) at the party.二、句型转换1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 2. Nancy went to school early.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 3. We sang some English songs.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 行为动词的过去时练习（2 ）Name No. Date 一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father (read) a newspaper last night.3. We to zoo yesterday, we to the park. (go)4. you (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. he (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he .6. Gao Shan (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother .8. What she (find) in the garden last morning? She (find) a beautiful butterfly.二、句型转换1. They played football in the playground.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯、否定回答： 三、中译英1. 格林先生去年住在中国。2. 昨天我们参观了农场。3. 他刚才在找他的手机。过去时综合练习（1）一、 用动词的适当形式填空1. It (be) Bensirbthday last Friday.2. We all (have) a good time last night.3. He (jump) high on last Sports Day.4. Helen (milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday. (read)6. He football now, but they basketball just now. (play)7. Jims mother (plant) trees just now.8. they (sweep) the floor on Sunday?No, they .9. I (watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We (go) to school on Sunday.二、 中译英1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。过去时综合练习（2 ）Name No. Date 一、 用动词的适当形式填空1. It (be) the 2nd of November yesterday.Mr White (go) to his office by car.2. Gao Shan (put) the book on his head a moment ago.3. Dont the house. Mum it yesterday. (clean)4. What you just now? I some housework. (do)5. They (make) a kite a week ago.6. I want to apples. But my dad all of them last month. (pick)7. he the flowers this morning? Yes, he . (water)8. She (be) a pretty girl. Look, she (do) Chinese dances.9. The students often (draw) some pictures in the art room.10. What Mike do on the farm? He cows. (milk)二、中译英1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。现在进行时 1现在进行时的功能（1） 表示现在（说话时）正在发生的动作，一般和now,right now,at this moment等连用。（2） ）也可以表示当前一段时间正在发生的事情（说话时不一定进行），常与 this week， this month，these days（这些天）连用。如：We are writing a book this month这. 个月我们正在写一本书。2 现在进行时的构成肯定句：主语+be 动词（am /is /are）+动词 ing+其他。如：I am reading a book我.正在读一本书。They are playing basketball no他w.们现在在打篮球。He is cleaning the classroom no他w.正在打扫教室。否定句：主语+be 动词（am /is /are）+not+动词 ing+其他。如：They are not playing basketball no他w.们现在不在打篮球。一般疑问句：Be 动词+主语+动词ing+其他。肯定回答：Yes ，主语+be 动词（am /is /are）。否定回答：No ，主语+be 动词（am /is /are）+not。如：Are they playing basketball no他w.们现在在打篮球吗？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句如：What are they playing now?他们现在在玩什么？但是，当疑问词为主语时，其结构为：疑问词+ be + 动词ing? 如：Who are playing baskerball now?谁正在打篮球？动词加 ing的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2. 以不发音的e 结尾，去e 加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如： run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play run swim make go like write _ski read have sing dance put see buy love live take come get stop sit begin shop 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1. The boy ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother ( cook )some nice foodnow.4. What you ( do ) now?5. Look . They ( have) an English lesson .6. They (not ,water) the flowers now.7. Look! the girls (dance )in the classroom .8. What is our granddaughter doing? She (listen ) to music.9. Its5 oclock now. We (have)supper now 10. Helen (wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework 分.(别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2. The students are cleaning the classroom .改(一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)3. Im playing the football in the playgrou对nd划.线(部分进行提问)4. Tom is reading books in his study对.划(线部分进行提问)一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow （后天）等。二、基本结构：be going to + d；o如：Im going to have a picnic this aftoenr.nowill+ do. 如 ：I will have a picnic this afternoon.三、否定句：在be 动词（am, is, ar）e l后加 not 或情态动词 will后加 not 成won。t如：Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句： be 或 will提到句首，some 改为any, and改为 or，第一二人称互换。如：Are you going to have a picnic this afternoo如n?：Will you have a picnic this afternoon?五、特殊疑问句。一般来说有三种情况：1. 问人（对主语提问）。用 Who如：Im going to New York soon.Whos going to New York soon.2. 问干什么（对行为动词提问）。用 What do.如： My father is going to watcha race with methis afternoon.What is your father going3.问什么时候（对时间提问）。When.to do with youthis afternoon.如：Shes going to go to bed atnineW.hen is shegoing to bed?练习：一：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I have a picnic withmy friends.I have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What next Monday?I play basketball.What you do next Monday? I play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 your mother go shopping this ?