《研究生商务英语》PPT课件.ppt

Unit 1Setting up a BusinessnBrief IntroductionForms of business:n1.Sole proprietorshipn3.Corporation n Sole proprietorshipnA business owned and controlled by one person.AdvantagesnSimple to establish.nFreer in decision-making.nEasy to keep operational and financial secrecy.nLess tax burden.nExclusive use of profits.DisadvantagesnUnlimited liabilitynLimited access to capital.nLimited managerial expertise.PartnershipnAn association of 2 or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit.AdvantagesnImproved access to capital and credit.nGreater possibility for good management.nDefinite legal framework.nBetter prospects for growth.DisadvantagesnUnlimited liabilitynInternal conflicts nProblem of continuityCorporationnAt least three incoporators(stockholders or shareholders)needed to form a corporation.nA corporation is a legal person.AdvantagesnLimited liabilitynEasy to expandnSeparated ownership from managementnContinuous lifeDisadvantagesnDouble taxationnHigh organizing costsnLack of secrecyFranchisingnA licensing agreement,under which the franchisor grants the franchisee the right to sell or use the formers product,service or method in return for a royalty from the latter.AdvantagesnHave instant customer recognition but still enjoy some independence as a sole proprietor.nReceive training and guidance from the franchisor.nHave less difficulty getting bank loans than a sole proprietor of a small business.DisadvantagesnFranchise arrangements may reduce risks,but do not guarantee success.nHigh royalty makes business running with no profits or even at a loss.nFranchisee has to sacrifice some independence for most of details of business operation.Discussion:n1.In which field will you set up your business?Explain your choice.n2.Will your business be a sole proprietorship,a partnership or a corporation?Explain your decision.Terms:nSole proprietorship个体经营，个体户个体经营，个体户nPartnership合伙公司合伙公司 nCorporation（股份有限）公司（股份有限）公司nFranchising特许经营特许经营nlicenses/permits营业执照 nsole proprietor个体业主nshareholders股东nboard directors董事.nunlimited liability无限责任nassets资产(尤指可用来偿债或担保的)nfinancing 融资npersonal property个人资产 nwithdraw capital撤资 nraise capital筹资ngeneral partners普通合伙人 nlimited partners(special partners)责任有限合伙人nextend credit提供信贷ngo broke破产nBOD董事会 nlegal person法人 nbonds债权ncollateral抵押物nLoan against collateral 抵押贷款ndouble taxation 双重征税 nincome taxes所得税ndividends股息，分红nfranchisor授予特许者 nfranchisee获得特许者 nroyalty特许权，加盟费nListed 上市公司