新GREArgument题库翻译(已将所有重题合并).pdf

1/23新 GRE-Argument全翻译1.Woven baskets characterizedby a particulardistinctive pattern have previously been found only in theimmediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea andtherefore were believed to have been made only by thePalean people. Recently, however, archaeologistsdiscovered such a Palean basket in Lithos, an ancientvillage across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim Riveris very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleanscould have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boatshave been found. Thus it follows that the so-calledPalean baskets were not uniquely Palean.一种具有独特花纹的编织篮子以前只在史前村庄Palea的临近地区发现过，因而被认为是Palea 居所独有的。然而最近，考古学家在一个与Palea 隔着一条叫做 Brim 河的村庄 Lithos 发现了一个这样的Palea 篮子。 Brim 河很深很宽，所以古代Palea 人只能坐船穿过它，但没有证据表明 Palea 人拥有船只。 这表明那种所谓的Palea 篮子并不是那里所独有的。2.The following appeared as part of a letter to theeditor of a scientific journal.A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys providesclues as to the effects of birth order on an individualslevels of stimulation.The study showed that instimulating situations (such as an encounter with anunfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce upto twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primesthe body for increased activity levels, as do theiryounger siblings. Firstborn humans also producerelatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations(such as the return of a parent after an absence). Thestudy also found that during pregnancy,first-time mothermonkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those whohad had several offspring.最近一项对恒河猴的调查揭示了出生顺序对于个体刺激水平的影响。调查显示在受到刺激的环境下（例如遇到一个不熟悉的猴子），头胎小猴的皮质醇分泌会翻倍，这样增加了它及其兄弟姐妹的身体灵活度。人类的头胎孩子在遇到刺激（例如父母外出回家）时也会分泌出相对浓度的皮质醇。研究同时还发现在怀孕期间，第一次为人母的猴子的皮质醇要比生过几次孩子后的猴子水平高很多。3/171.The following appeared as a letter to the editorfrom the owner of a skate shop in Central Plaza.Two years ago the city voted to prohibitskateboardingin Central Plaza. They claimed thatskateboard users were responsible for the litter andvandalism that were keeping other visitors from comingto the plaza. In the past two years, however, there hasonly been a small increase in the number of visitors toCentral Plaza, and litter and vandalism are stillproblematic.Skateboardingis permitted in Monroe Park,however, and there is no problem with litter or vandalismthere. In order to restore Central Plaza to its former glory,then, we recommendthat the city lift its prohibition onskateboardingin the plaza.两年前，市里投票禁止了在中央广场玩滑板。他们认为是滑板爱好者的废弃物和损毁公物的行为使游客远离了广场。然而在过去两年中，中央广场的游客却只有少数增加，而且废弃物和损毁公物的行为依然存在。滑板运动在M 公园就被允许， 但是那里却没有任何的废弃物和损毁公物的行为。为了能让中央广场重新焕发生机，我们建议市里应该取消广场禁止滑板的限令。4.The following appeared in a letter from ahomeowner to a friend.Of the two leading real estate firms in ourtownAdams Realty and Fitch Realty AdamsRealty isclearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents; incontrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work onlypart-time. Moreover, Adams revenue last year wastwice as high as that of Fitch and included home salesthat averaged $168,000, compared to Fitchs $144,000.Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten yearsago I listed my home with Fitch, and it took more thanfour months to sell; last year, when I sold another home,I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, ifyou want to sell your home quickly and at a good price,you should use Adams Realty.在本市的两家最大的房地产经纪公司-Adams Realty和 Fitch Realty- 之中， Adams 显然更优秀一些。 Adams有 40 名房地产经纪人，而Fitch 只有 25 个，且很多是兼职工作。而且， Adams 去年的收入是Fitch 的两倍，其平均房价为 $168000 ，而 Fitch 仅为$144000 。在 Adams 销2/23售的房屋卖得也更快：十年前，我把我的房产交给Fitch ，它用了四个多月才卖出去；去年，我在Adams 卖了另一处房产，仅用一个月就售出了。因此，要想让你的房产卖的更快更好，你应该选择Adams 。5/159/173.Thefollowing appeared in a letter to theeditor of the Balmer Island Gazette.On Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popularform of transportation,the populationincreases to100,000 during the summer months. To reduce thenumber of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians,the town council of Balmer Island should limit thenumber of mopeds rented by the islands moped rentalcompanies from 50 per day to 25 per day during thesummer season. By limiting the number of rentals, thetown council will attain the 50 percent annual reductionin moped accidents that was achieved last year on theneighboring island of Seaville, when Seavilles towncouncil enforced similar limits on moped rentals.b 岛的人口在夏季达到了100000 ，而助力车则是岛上一种非常普遍的交通方式。为了减少由助力车和行人引发的事故， b 岛市政府应该限制岛上夏季助力车租赁公司的租车数量， 从原来的每天50 量减少到 25 量。通过限制出租数量，市政府将会实现助力车事故减少50的目标，就像去年邻近 s 岛市政府在实施了同样的政策后所取得的效果。6.Arctic deer live on islands in Canadas arctic regions.They search for food by moving over ice from island toisland during the course of the year. Their habitat islimited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants onwhich they feed and cold enough, at least some of theyear, for the ice to cover the sea separatingthe islands,allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately,according to reports from local hunters, the deerpopulations are declining. Since these reports coincidewith recent global warming trends that have caused thesea ice to melt, we can conclude that the purporteddecline in deer populationsis the result of the deersbeing unable to follow their age-old migration patternsacross the frozen sea.北极鹿生活在加拿大极地区域的岛屿上。它们全年都通过冰块在岛屿间移动来寻找食物。它们的栖居地局限在那些温暖得足以维持它们所需的植物生长，并且在一年的至少某些时候冷到足以让岛屿间的海面结冰以使它们能够在岛屿间旅行的地方。然而，根据当地猎人的报告，鹿的数量正在下降。由于这一报告正好与最近导致海洋冰面融化的全球变暖趋势同时发生，我们可以得出结论：北极鹿数量的下降是它们无法按它们原有的迁移习惯穿越结冰海面的结果。7/98/99.Thefollowing is a recommendationfrom theBoard of Directors of Monarch Books.We recommendthat Monarch Books open a caf inits store. Monarch, having been in business at the samelocation for more than twenty years, has a largecustomer base because it is known for its wide selectionof books on all subjects. Clearly, opening the caf wouldattract more customers. Space could be made for thecaf by discontinuingthe childrens book section, whichwill probably become less popular given that the mostrecent national census indicated a significant decline inthe percentageof the population under age ten.Opening a caf will allow Monarch to attract morecustomers and better compete with Regal Books, whichrecently opened its own caf .我们建议 m 书店在电内开设一个咖啡厅。M 书店在目前的店址上已经经营了20 多年，并由于其广泛的图书种类而拥有了庞大的客户群体。很明显，新开设的咖啡厅会吸引更多的客户，空间可以通过撤出儿童书籍柜台来获得，因为最近一次全国调查显示10 岁以下儿童的比率显著下降，所以儿童书就可能没以前那么畅销。开设新咖啡厅将会使 m 吸引更多客户并更好的与最近刚开设了咖啡厅的 r 书店展开竞争。8.The following appeared in a memo from the directorof student housing at Buckingham College.To serve the housing needs of our students,BuckinghamCollege should build a number of newdormitories. Buckinghamsenrollment is growing and,based on current trends, will double over the next 50years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate.Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our townhas risen in recent years. Consequently,students willfind it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing.Finally, attractivenew dormitories would makeprospectivestudents more likely to enroll atBuckingham.3/23为满足我们学生的住房需求，Buckingham 学院应该建造一幢新的宿舍。 Buckingham的报名人数正在增加，而且按照现有趋势， 报名人数将会在未来50 年中增加一倍，从而导致现有住宅不能满足要求。而且，我们镇上公寓的平均租金在近几年间上涨了。因此，学生将会越来越发现难于负担校外住宿费用。最后，一幢引人注目的新宿舍将会使未来的学生更愿意报考Buckingham 。9/88/90.NaturesWay, a chain of stores selling healthfood and other health-relatedproducts, is opening itsnext franchise in the town of Plainsville. The storeshould prove to be very successful: Natures Wayfranchises tend to be most profitable in areas whereresidents lead healthy lives, and clearly Plainsville issuch an area. Plainsville merchants report that sales ofrunning shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs.The local health club has more members than ever, andthe weight training and aerobics classes are always full.Finally, Plainsvilles schoolchildrenrepresent a newgeneration of potential customers: these schoolchildrenare required to participate in a fitness-for-lifeprogram,which emphasizesthe benefits of regular exercise at anearly age.NW 是一家专卖保健食品及其他相关产品的连锁店，准备将其下一家店铺开在Plainsville 。 这家店一定会很成功：因为我们的商店在那些居对健康生活高度关注的地区是盈利最多的。很明显，plainsville 就是这样的地方。Plainsville 的商家报告说运动鞋和运动衣的销售处于历史高点。当地一家康体俱乐部现在的会员比以往任何时候都多，减肥训练和有氧运动班总是满员。另外，我们还可以预见到新生代的顾客群：Plainsville 的在校学生被要求参加一个叫做 终生健康 的项目，它强调从小开始经常锻炼的好处。10/21/23.Twentyyears ago, Dr. Field, a notedanthropologist,visited the island of Tertia. Using anobservation-centeredapproach to studying Tertianculture, he concluded from his observationsthat childrenin Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than bytheir own biological parents. Recently anotheranthropologist,Dr. Karp, visited the group of islands thatincludes Tertia and used the interview-centeredmethodto study child-rearing practices. In the interviews that Dr.Karp conducted with children living in this group ofislands, the children spent much more time talking abouttheir biological parents than about other adults in thevillage. Dr. Karp decided that Dr. Fields conclusionabout Tertian village culture must be invalid. Someanthropologistsrecommend that to obtain accurateinformation on Tertian child-rearingpractices, futureresearch on the subject should be conducted via theinterview-centeredmethod.20 年前，知名人类学F 博士访问了 T 岛，并从他的观察中得出结论： T 岛的孩子是由整个村子抚养长大而不是他们的亲生父母。然而，另一位人类学家K 最近对生活在T 岛以及周边一些岛屿的儿童采访显示，他们在谈话中谈到他们呢双亲的时间远远多于谈到村庄里其他成年人。K博士的这次研究证明F 博士关于 T 岛乡村文化的结论是错的，一些人类学家建议要想以进一步获取准确的T岛的儿童成长规律，未来应该采用采访为主的方法。11.The council of Maple County, concerned about thecountys becoming overdeveloped,is debating aproposed measure that would prevent the developmentof existing farmland in the county. But the council is alsoconcerned that such a restriction, by limiting the supplyof new housing, could lead to significant increases in theprice of housing in the county. Proponents of themeasure note that Chestnut County established asimilar measure ten years ago, and its housing priceshave increased only modestly since. However,opponents of the measure note that Pine Countyadopted restrictions on the development of newresidential housing fifteen years ago, and its housingprices have since more than doubled. The councilcurrently predicts that the proposed measure, if passed,will result in a significant increase in housing prices inMaple County.M 市政府十分担心M 市过度开发，正在讨论一项阻止开发本市现有耕地的提议。但市政当局也同样担心这样通过限制新房供地的举措12.Fifteen years ago, Omega University implementeda new procedure that encouraged students to evaluatethe teaching effectivenessof all their professors. Sincethat time, Omega professors have begun to assignhigher grades in their classes, and overall student gradeaverages at Omega have risen by 30 percent. Potential4/23employers, looking at this dramatic rise in grades,believe that grades at Omega are inflated and do notaccurately reflect student achievement;as a result,Omega graduates have not been as successful atgetting jobs as have graduates from nearby AlphaUniversity. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs,Omega University should terminate student evaluationof professors.15 年前， Omega 大学实施了一项新措施，鼓励学生对所有教授的教学效果进行评价。从那以后，Omega 的教授开始给予学生更高的分数，Omega 的学生成绩总平均上升了 30。 未来的雇主显然认为Omega 的分数贬值了，无法反映出学生的真实能力。因此，Omega 的毕业生找工作时没有邻近的Alpha 大学毕业生成功。为使Omega毕业生找到好工作，我们应立即停止学生对教授的评价。13.In an attempt to improve highway safety, PruntyCounty last year lowered its speed limit from 55 to 45miles per hour on all county highways. But this effort hasfailed: the number of accidents has not decreased, and,based on reports by the highway patrol, many driversare exceeding the speed limit. Prunty County shouldinstead undertake the same kind of road improvementproject that Butler County completed five years ago:increasing lane widths, resurfacingrough highways, andimproving visibility at dangerous intersections.Today,major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speedlimit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidentsin Butler County this past year than there were five yearsago.为了提升高速公路的安全性，p 市去年把所有高速公路的限速由 55 降到了 45。但是这样的努力尝试失败了，事故发生的数量没有下降，并且根据高速巡警的报告很多司机都超速驾驶。 所以 p 市应该采用 b 市 5 年前相同的道路改善计划：增加车道宽度，重新铺设不平路面以及改善危险交叉路口的能见度。今天，b 市的主要道路依然是55限速，但上报的事故率却比5 年前减少了 25。14/118.The following appeared as part of an article ina business magazine.A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentianadvertising executives according to the average numberof hours they sleep per night showed an associationbetween the amount of sleep the executives need andthe success of their firms. Of the advertising firmsstudied, those whose executives reported needing nomore than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profitmargins and faster growth. These results suggest that ifa business wants to prosper, it should hire only peoplewho need less than 6 hours of sleep per night.最近一项根据每天平均睡眠时间，对300 名 m 市广告公司男女高管调查显示出了高管们所需的睡眠时间与他们公司成功与否的关联。根据对这些广告公司的研究，那些公司高管报告说每天睡眠不足6 小时的公司利润更高并且发展更快。这些结果表明如果公司想蓬勃发展，他们就必须只雇佣那些每天睡眠不足6 小时的管理人员。15/51/130/131/133.Thefollowing memorandumisfrom the business manager of Happy Pancake Houserestaurants.Recently, butter has been replaced by margarine inHappy Pancake House restaurants throughout thesouthwesternUnited States. This change, however, hashad little impact on our customers.In fact, only about 2percent of customers have complained, indicating thatan average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with thechange. Furthermore, many servers have reported thata number of customers who ask for butter do notcomplain when they are given margarine instead.Clearly, either these customers do not distinguishbutterfrom margarine or they use the term butter to refer toeither butter or margarine.Happy Pancake House 在美国西南部的餐厅用人造黄油代替了天然黄油。但是这种改变对顾客的影响非常小因为只有大约 2的顾客投诉，这说明100 个人中有 98 人对于这种替换是乐于接受的。而且，很多服务生报告说很多仍然要了天然黄油的顾客在被给予人造黄油的时候并没有投诉。显然，这些顾客要么分不清天然黄油和人造黄油，要么是用 天然黄油 这个词汇来指天然黄油或人造黄油。16.In surveys Mason City residents rank water sports(swimming, boating, and fishing) among their favoriterecreational activities. The Mason River flowing throughthe city is rarely used for these pursuits, however, andthe city park department devotes little of its budget tomaintainingriverside recreational facilities. For yearsthere have been complaintsfrom residents about the5/23quality of the rivers water and the rivers smell. Inresponse, the state has recently announcedplans toclean up Mason River. Use of the river for water sports is,therefore, sure to increase. The city governmentshouldfor that reason devote more money in this years budgetto riverside recreational facilities.调查显示 m 市的老百姓把水上运动（游泳，划船及垂钓）作为最受欢迎的娱乐活动。贯穿m 市的 M 河很少被用于水上运动，然而城市公园部门很少投入资金去维护沿河的活动设施。这么多年居民们一直投诉河水的质量及味道。 为了回应这一投诉， 当局最近宣布了清理M 河的计划，因此 M 河的水上活动使用将会增加。 所以市政府应该增加对河岸活动设施的资金投入。17/93.The following appeared in a memorandumfromthe manager of WWAC radio station.To reverse a decline in listener numbers, our ownershave decided that WWAC must change from its currentrock-music format. The decline has occurred despitepopulation growth in our listening area, but that growthhas resulted mainly from people moving here after theirretirement. We must make listeners of these newresidents. We could switch to a music format tailored totheir tastes, but a continuing decline in local sales ofrecorded music suggests limited interest in music.Instead we should change to a news and talk format, aform of radio that is increasi