精品-高中英语语法通霸-3.形容词和副词常考点区别用法分类专项总结归纳讲解与高考真题练习题及答案.pdf

第三章 形容词和副词形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。何时用形容词何时用副词是许多同学搞不清楚的地方。一些常见形容词、副词的区别也是高考的一个重点。第1讲 形容词和副词的选用考点 1.根据所作的句子成分选用形容词和副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用副词，这时，副词作状语；作定语、表语和补语时一般用形容词。可简单归结为：形作“ 定表补 ” ；副修 “ 副句形动” (可谐音记为“付诸行动”)，常做状语。常见的使用形容词的情况：作表语、定语、补语。He is a careful boy.（作定语，用形容词）He is careful.（作表语，用形容词）You must keep your eyes closed . （作宾语补足语，用形容词）。常见的使用副词的情况：修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。He writes carefully. He walks slowly. (认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词) This material is environmentally friendly. （修饰形容词用副词）He runs very slowly. （修饰副词slowly, 因此 very 是副词）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子用副词）. 用括号内词的形容词或副词形式的适当形式填空, 并说明为什么用这种形式。1.This math problem is _ and I can work it out _.(easy) 2.There was a _ wind last night, it blew _.(strong) 3.The boys have a _ time, they re playing _.(happy) 4.The_ girl sings very _. (beautiful) 5.“ I ve missed it,” Robert said _. (angry)6._ （surprising）, he returned safe and sound (安然无恙地 ) the next morning. 7._ (hope), he can get on well with all his classmates in the new school. 8._, he didn t fail in the exam.(luck)9.He was _ ill and I was _ sorry for that. (terrible) 10. It was _ (extreme) cold that day and the meeting was _ (especial) important. 11. He is an _ singer and he sings _ well. (incredible). 选择括号内的形容词或副词填空。The hikers were walking (1.slow/slowly) up the mountain path. Suddenly, they saw a large creature above them. It looked very (2. strange/strangely), with a large head and thick black hair. The creature screamed ( 尖 叫 ) （ 3. loud/loudly. ） It sounded (4.horrible /horribly), like the scream of a mad person. Then the creature ran (5.quick/quickly) behind a rock. When the hikers got there, they saw big footprints in the snow and some black hair on the rocks. The hair was dirty and smelled （6. terrible/terribly ）. The hikers (7. careful /carefully) took photos. From that moment they started to feel (8.anxious/anxiously) and they slept (9.bad/badly) that night. When they got back home, they developed (冲洗 ) the photos. There was nothing there, only snow and rocks!. 单项选择。1.【1991 全国】 These oranges taste _. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 2.【2006 上海春】 Some experts think that language learning is much _ for children as their tongues are more flexible. A. easy B. easier C. easily D. more easily 3.【2009 福建】 It seems that living green is _ easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference. A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly 4.What do you think of the plan? I feel _ that we ought to give it up at once. A. strong B. stronger C. strongly D. it strong 5.【1993 全国】 She doesn t speak _ her friend, but her written work is excellent. A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as 6.【2004 上海】 He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker. A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 7.【2006 湖南】 Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _ to the Home Circle Building. ( 答疑 qq 329950885) A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily 8.【2007 上海春】 Nowadays the roles of husband and wife are not as _ defined as before, especially when both partners work and earn money for the family. A. clear B. clearer C. clearly D. more clearly 9.【2007 浙江】 Work gets done _ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier 10. 【2005 上海春】 What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! During the winter I like my house _. A. warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortable C. warm and comfortably D. warmly and comfortable 11. 【 2007 上海春】 Although the country has had political independence for over a century, _ it needs the support of its neighbors. A. naturally B. economically C. especially D. luckily 12. _, the thief didn t take anything valuable but my notebook. A. Strange it is B. To be strange C. Strangely enough D. It was strange 考点 2.形容词也作状语，但表示主语所处的状态1.【2013 上海】The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really _. A. to be worried B. to worry C. having worried D. worried 2.The old hostess stood _ for a moment when she saw a beggar appear before her suddenly. A. surprising B. surprised C. surprisedly D. to surprise 3.【2008 北京】After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _. A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired 4.【2009 浙江】 _ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired 考点 3.以-ly 结尾的未必都是副词下列单词以 -ly 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly, timely等。考点 4.下列几组词，词尾有无-ly 都可作副词一些副词有副词原形和以-ly 结尾两种形式。 大多数情况下，不以 -ly 结尾表“具体” ，以 -ly 结尾表“抽象” 。1. close与 closely close 意思是 “ 近”;closely 意思是 “ 仔细地，密切地” 。如：He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2. late 与 lately late 意思是 “ 晚” ；lately 意思是 “ 最近 ” 。如： What have you been doing lately? 3. deep 与 deeply deep意思是 “ 深 ” ，表示空间深度； deeply 时常表示感情上的深度，“ 深深地 ” 。如： He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even Father was deeply moved by the film. 4. high 与 highly high 表示空间高度； highly 表示程度，相当于 much。如：The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5. wide 与 widely wide 表示空间宽度； widely 意思是 “ 广泛地 ” , “在许多地方 ” 。如：He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6. free 与 freely free 的意思是 “ 免费的 ” ；freely 的意思是 “ 无限制地” 。如：You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 5.【2002 北京】 It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 6.Hold the book _ please, for I can t see the words in it clearly. A. more closer B. more closely C. closely D. closer 3 7.Although he was disabled when he was only ten years of age, yet he aimed _, for which his classmates spoke _ of him. A. high; high B. highly; highly C. highly; high D. high; highly 第2讲 -ed形容词与 -ing形容词-ed 形容词，通常说明人，意为“ （某人）感到 ” ；-ing 形容词通常说明事物，意为“ （某事物）令人” 或“ 令人的（事物）” 。 He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。（他感到恐惧）He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带着令人恐惧的神情。excite 使人兴奋excited 感到兴奋的exciting 令人兴奋的surprise 使吃惊surprised 感到吃惊的surprising 令人吃惊的amaze使惊奇amazed 感到惊奇的amazing 令人惊奇的embarrass使窘迫embarrassed感到窘迫的embarrassing 令人窘迫的frustrate 使沮丧frustrated 感到沮丧的frustrating 令人沮丧的interest 使感兴趣interested 感到有兴趣的interesting 令人感兴趣的thrill 使兴奋thrilled 感到兴奋的thrilling 令人兴奋的terrify 使恐惧terrified 感到恐惧的terrifying 令人恐惧的please使高兴pleased 感到高兴的pleasing 令人高兴的satisfy 使满意satisfied 感到满意的satisfying 令人满意的frighten 使害怕frightened 感到害怕的frightening 令人害怕的tire 使疲倦tired 感到疲倦的tiring 令人疲倦的bore 使厌烦bored 感到厌烦的boring 令人厌烦的relax 使放松relaxed 感到放松的relaxing 令人放松的fascinate 使神魂颠倒fascinated 感到神魂颠倒的fascinating 令人神魂颠倒的annoy 使恼怒annoyed 感到恼怒的annoying 令人恼怒的move 使感动moved 感到感动的moving 令人感动的worry 使忧虑worried 感到忧虑的worrying 令人忧虑的confuse 使困惑confused 感到困惑的confusing 令人困惑的touch 使感动touched 感到感动的touching 令人感动的disappoint 使失望disappointed 感到失望的disappointing 令人失望的shock 使震惊shocked 感到震惊的shocking 令人震惊的puzzle 使迷惑puzzled 感到迷惑的puzzling 令人迷惑的练习. 用括号内所给动词的-ed 形式或 -ing 形式填空。1.The children were _ after the trip. (tire) 2.The trip was _. (tire) 3.The _ children went to bed early after the trip. (tire) 4.The _ trip lasted a whole day. (tire) 5.The trip made the children _. (tire) 6.The bad weather made the trip _. (tire) 7.Tom s parents are _ at his _ results of the exams. (disappoint) 8._ and angry, he left the meeting-room. (disappoint) 9.It is _ that he didn t pass the examination. (disappoint) 10. When hearing the _ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were _ to look at each other. (surprise) 11. He was _ about his _ son. (worry) 12. I m not_ with his interpretation of this sentence. (satisfy) 13. He was _ with the _ person. (annoy) 14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a _ look on his face. (frighten) 15. The situation here is _ and we are _. (encourage) 16. I find the shopping very _. I get very _ in supermarkets. (bore) 17. I am _ in science. I think it s very _. (interest) 18. I don t find basketball _. I only get _ when I watch football. (excite) 19. He said he was _ (please) with the progress of economy, but I found some of what he said was _ (worry). 单项选择。1. From his _ voice on the phone I know everything is going under way. A. satisfactory B. satisfying C. satisfied D. satisfaction 2. 【2002春】 I m very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mm, it does have a _ smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 3. 【2003 北京春】 Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 4. 【2004 重庆】 Laws that punish parents for their little children s actions against the laws get parents_. A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry 5. He had never spent a _ day. A. more worry B. most worrying C. more worrying D. more worried 6. 【2006 安徽】Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but I m not sure whether he can manage it. A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly7. How did you find your visit to the museum? I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected. A. far more interesting B. even much interested C. so more interesting D. a lot much interested 8. Poor boy! His _ looks and _ hands suggested he was very afraid. A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly 9. What seemed most _ to me was that no one thought of his own safety. A. surprised B. surprise C. surprising D. to surprise 第3讲 其他相关考点考点 1.副词按意义分类 方式副词suddenly 突然地 rapidly 迅速地warmly 热烈地successfully 成功地quickly 很快地 地点、方向副词here 这里there 那里outside 在外边away 远离straight 径直地upstairs 上楼 时间副词now 现在then 当时soon 不久tomorrow 在明天yesterday在昨天 频度副词（又称：频率副词）always 总是usually 通常frequently 频繁地often 经常sometimes 有时seldom 很少 程度副词very 非常quite 十分too 太pretty 相当rather 稍微extremely 极端地almost 几乎考点 2.静态形容词和动态形容词静态形容词： 描绘的是人或物在静态下表现出的特征，如tall, big, deep, ugly, beautiful等。大多数形容词都是静态的。动态形容词： 描绘的是人或物通过行为活动才能表现出来的特征。( 答疑qq 329950885)如：adorable, calm, cheerful, generous, gentle, loyal, nice, noisy, playful, reasonable, rude, shy, slow 等。动态形容词可用于进行时，而静态形容词不可以。 如：She is being nice to me.她现在对我很好。但不可说： She is being tall. 动态形容词可用于以动be 词开头的祈使句，而静态形容词不可以。例如可以说：Be patient! Be careful! 不可以说： Be tall! 动态形容词可用于使役结构,而静态形容词不可以。 例如可以说：I persuaded her to be generous.不可以说：I persuaded her to be pretty. 1.【 2011 全国I】 I wasn t sure if he was really interested or if he _ polite. A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be 考点 3.too, so, how, that, as 形容词 a/an名词5 看下列几个短语：a good boy so good a boy a hot day too hot a day a tall tree that tall a tree a beautiful flower how beautiful a flower a good gift as good a gift 可以看出：单个形容词修饰名词，冠词放在形容词的前面； 如果形容词被so, too, that, how, as 等词修饰时， (答疑 qq 329950885)冠词则放在形容词后面。要掌握下面的同义转换：The boy is so good.= He is so good a boy. What a good boy he is！=How good a boy he is! =I have never seen that good a boy. He is as good as his brother. =He is as good a boy as his brother. The boy is too short to be a basketball player. =He is too short a boy to be a basketball player. 2.Alice was _ girl to express herself. A. a much too shy B. too much shy a C. so shy a D. much too shy a 3.I m afraid I ll turn to Prof. Timlingson. It is _. A. too difficult a problem B. a too difficult problem C. so difficult problem D. a so difficult problem 4.【1992 上海】 _ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five. A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy 5.【2003 北京】 Our neighbor has _ ours. A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as 6.【2012 四川】I make $2,000 a week; 60 surely won t make _ difference to me. A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a 7.It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 8.【1995 全国】 Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such 9.【1998 上海】 It is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. A. so unusual B. such unusual C. such an unusual D. so an unusual 10. 【 2009 上海】 The Great Wall is _ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. A. so a well-known B. a so well-known C. such well-known a D. such a well-known 考点 4.形容词顺序几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为： 限定语（ the, a, this）+数量词（ two）+ 描绘性形容词(beautiful, good, strong) + size（大、 小 big） + shape（形状 round） + age （年龄、 时间 new, young） + color（颜色） + origin （国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（用途目的）+ 名词。如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella; the man s first two interesting little red French oil paintings。可以按这种方法记忆：限数描，形 （大小形状）龄色，国材用。可以谐音为 : 献树苗，形龄色，我才用。（你向我献树苗， 我要先看一下树苗的大小形状树龄和颜色，然后再决定我用还是不用。“形”，先“大小”后“形状”。）也可以按下面的方法记：限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老；限数描（大小）形龄颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。色国材用11. He likes going fishing. He usually uses a _. A. bamboo long fishing pole B. long bamboo fishing pole C. pole long bamboo and fishing D. bamboo fishing long pole 12. 【 1995 全国】How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 13. 【2013 上海】 It s a _ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century. A. charming French small B. French small charming C. small French charming D. charming small French 14. 【2004 浙江】 _ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 15. 【2004 江苏】 The _ house smells as if it hasn t been lived in for years. A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little 16. 【2005 北京】This _ girl is Lind s cousin. A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 考点 5.the 加形容词表示一类人（参看冠词部分P. 错误！未定义书签。 错误！未找到引用源。 ）考点 6.a three-year-old girl 有连字符 ,名词不用复数有连字符时，数词和形容词中间的名词用单数。We ll have a 30-day-long holiday.此时 day 不能用复数。17. 【2010 上海】It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _ journey. A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours 18. Now he is _ artist. I have known him since he was _ one-year-old boy. A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a 19. Many students signed up for the _ race in the sports meeting to be held next week. A. 800-metre-long B. 800 metres long C. 800 metre length D. 800 metres length 考点 7.“be of名词”表特征I.be ofimportance/use 等抽象名词of 后跟名词value, use, importance, help, interest, benefit, honor, fame, ability, nature, beauty等时，相当于名词所对应的形容词，(答疑 qq 329950885)这类名词可用no, any, little, much, great 等修饰。如：The book is of great interest. The book is very interesting. The book is of no value. The book is valueless. I want to read something of interest. I want to read something interesting. II. be of不定冠词可数名词也相当于形容词，表示具有某方面的品质。And if poverty is less of a problem and people are better educated, there is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars. He is more of a scho