英语时态表现在过去将来时态语法结构句型.pdf
英语时态表英语时态根据动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式，根据自由组合方式可以形成以下16 种时态，最常用的为一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时 12 种时态，其余 4 种很少用。一、一般现在时主要用法标志性词语常见结构常见句型一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性的动作或状态， 或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态often; usually; every ;sometimes; always; never; once/twice/a week/month/year; on Sundays/; be 动词用 am/is/are表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。（1）陈述句：I am an office worker. He is so lazy. （2）否定句：She is not very beautiful. They are not in the office. 行为动词原形或动词第三人称单数（1）陈述句：I work in Shanghai. He works at home. （2）否定句：I dont like the food in KFC. Davy doesn t like the food in KFC either. （3）一般疑问句：Does she live near thesubway station? 二、一般过去时主要用法标志性词语常见结构常见句型在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。yesterday; the day before yesterday; last week/month/year/ ago; a moment ago; just now; on/in+ 过去的时间 ; be 动词用过去式was或 were 表示。（1）陈述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year. （2）否定句：I was not at home at that moment. （3）一般疑问句：Was she in the office last week? 行为动词用V-ed，陈述句，疑问句和否定句借助于did,有 did出现动词用原形。（1）陈述句：I worked in Shandong. We studied English there. （2）否定句：They didn t see me. She liked English a lot. （3）一般疑问句：Did you go to America? 三、一般将来时主要用法标志性词语常见结构常见句型即将发生动作或状态。tomorrow, the day after tomorrow; soon; next week/month/year/.; the week/month/year/. after next; on/in + 将来的时间；in+一段时间； . 任何人称+will+V原形 . （1）陈述句：I will fly to KongKong tomorrow. We will arrive in Shanghai next week. （2）否定句：I will never believe you again. We will not buy a car next year. （3）一般疑问句：Will he come tomorrow? Will they live a five-star hotel? is/am/are+going to+V 原形，表示计划打算做什么事情。（1）陈述句：I m going to go to Kongkong by air. 否定句： We are not going to buy a house here. （2）一般疑问句：Are they going to change their jobs? （3）特殊疑问句：How are you going to tell him? 四、过去将来时主要用法标志性词语常见结构常见句型在过去将会发生的动作。多用在宾语从句中was/were going to +V 原形（1）陈述句：I was going to buy a computer. They told me that they were not going to go abroad. （2）否定句：I was not going to buy a computer. 任何人称+would + 动词原形（1）陈述句：He said he would come in in Shanghai.I said I would buy you a car one day. 五、现在进行时主要用法标志性词语常见结构常见句型表示现在 ( 指说话人说话时 ) 正在发生的事情now；at present; at the moment; Look!( 放在句首 ); Listen! ( 放在句首 ); /am/are+V-ing is （1）陈述句：I m waiting for my boy friend. He is doing the housework at home now. We are enjoying ourselves. （2）否定句：He is not playing toys. （3）一般疑问句：Are you having dinner at home? Is Tim cooking in the kitchen? （4）特殊疑问句：What are you doing now? Where are they having a meal? 六、过去进行时主要用法标志性词语常见结构常见句型过去一段时间正在发生的动作。at that time; at this time yesterday; at+时间点+yesterday/lastnight; at that moment; was/were+V-ing （1）陈述句： I was doing my homework at that time. We were having a party while he was sleeping. （2）否定句： He was not sleeping at 11 oclocklastnight. （3） 一般疑问句：Were you watching TV at that time? （4）特殊疑问句：What were you doing at that moment? 七、现在完成时主要用法标志性词语常见结构常见句型用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态， 其结果的确和现在有联系动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在； 也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单的说，就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。already；just；before; yet(否定句中 )；ever；never；for+一段时间；since +时间点；since+一段时间 +ago; by+现在时间；so far; up to now; till now; until now; recently/lately; during/over/in thepast/last.have/has+ p.p（过去分词）（1）陈述句：I have already told Davy. Davy has known thismatter. He has lived here for nearly 10 years. （2）否定句：I haven t finished my homework. Tim hasn t come yet. We haven t heard any news about him （3）一般疑问句：Has he worked here since he came here? （4）特殊疑问句：How long have you worked in thiscompany? 八、过去完成时主要用法标志性词语常见结构常见句型动作发生在过去的过去。过去的过去：by+过去的时间；表“ 过去某动作或时间以前 ” 的时间状语。had + p.p （过去分词）（1）陈述句：He said he had told Davy. They told us they had finished the work. He left the office after he had called Davy. （2）否定句：She hadnt had dinner before she went out. （3）一般疑问句：Had she learnt English before she movedhere? （4）特殊疑问句：how many English w rds had he learnt by theend of last year? 九、将来进行时主要用法标志性词语常见结构常见句型将来进行时动词表示在将来某一段时间内将会发生的动作。tomorrow, the day after tomorrow; soon; next week/month/year/.; the week/month/year/. 主语 +will be+doing 主语 +be going to+be+doing I will be studying English when you arrive tonight. I m going to be studying English when you arrive tonight. 十、将来完成时主要用法标志性词语常见结构常见句型将来完成时动词主要表示在将来的某一时刻或将来的某一时刻之前完成的动作，这一动作也可能继续进行。the day after tomorrow; soon; next 主语 +will+have done 语+be going to+have done I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. By seven o clock this afternoon we shall have got to Shanghai if the train keeps good line. Before bedtime Xiao Ming will have completed his work. I m going to have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. 十一、现在完成进行时主要用法常见结构常见句型表示现在到过去某个时间的行为动作，此行为动作或刚结束、或还没结束。主语 +have/has been doing I have been studying English for ten years. 十二、过去完成进行时主要用法常见结构常见句型表示一直持续到过去某个时间的行为动作，此行为动作或刚结束、或还没结束。这一时态经常与一般过去时一起使用。主语 +had been doing I had been studying English for ten years before I moved to the U.S.
