高三英语一轮复习基础提升训练课时四.doc

每周一问：1.“我信你个鬼”用英语怎么说？“我信你个鬼”其实就是“我不相信你说的话”，英语可以直接说“I don't believe you”，除此之外，我们再学习一些其他相关的表达。not buy sth才不相信某事 I don't buy it.我信你个鬼。【解释】To not accept or believe something as the truth.【例句】My brother says / that his latest scheme will make millions, but I don't buy it.我兄弟说他最近的计划将会赚几百万，但我才不信他呢。not believe a word (that sb says/said)（某人说的）一句话/一点也不相信Seeing is believing.眼见为实；百闻不如一见【例句】He might be telling the truth, but seeing is believing, I always say.他也许说了实话，但我一直认为，眼见为实耳听为虚。2.国人爱喝白酒，“白酒”英语怎么说？可不是white wine哦对于很多人，白酒是必不可少的！中国的白酒，香型有米香型，酱香型、浓香型、兼香型等统称中国四大香型白酒。那“白酒”用英语怎么说呢？注意白酒 white wine因为wine专指葡萄酒或其他果酒是有葡萄汁的颜色的而咱们国内的白酒一般是由淀粉酿制而成，所以是清澈无色的“白酒”的英文可以说Chinese Baijiu中国白酒没错，就是汉语拼音Baijiu当然，你可以加上一句话解释一下Chinese Baijiu is a kind of alcoholic drink distilled from grain or rice.中国白酒是一种从谷物或大米中蒸馏而成的酒精饮料。Chinese spirits中国烈酒，其实主要就是指白酒了spirit n.烈酒；精神；精灵/幽灵那我们平时常见的一些洋酒中英文怎么说呢：威士忌 Whisky 白兰地 Brandy金酒 Gin龙舌兰 Tequila朗姆酒 Rum 伏特加 Vodka 鸡尾酒cocktail每周一记（词汇）soccer 足球 stadium 体育场 boxing 拳击 badminton 羽毛球 marathon 马拉松 event 比赛项目，大事 come along 跟随 ski 滑雪host 主人，主持 track 跑道 track and field 田径 gym 体育馆gymnastics 体操 work out 锻炼，解决 sweat 汗水，出汗 make it 获得成功athlete 运动员 master 高手 set an example 树立榜样 honour 荣耀medal 奖章 champion 冠军 fall apart 破碎 injury 受伤captain 队长 lose heart 丧失信心 strength 力量 failure 失败give up 放弃 compete 竞争 make sense 有道理 pretend 假装even if/though 即使 million 百万 cheat 作弊 audience 观众positive 乐观的 slim 苗条的 diet 日常饮食 rather than 而不是make a difference 有作用 stress 压力 error 错误 compare with/to 与.比较determination 决心 now and then 有时每周词汇一练：造句仿造句子：As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.每周一记句型背诵 :1. It was only after he had read the papers that Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.译文：直到读完文件之后， 格罗斯先生才意识到眼前的任务非常难完成。语法笔记：本句是一个“It is.that .”强调句型，要注意构成强调的it本身没有词义， 强调的部分是状语从句only after he had read the papers, 强调句型中的that不可省略。 realize后面的the task before him was extremely difficul to complete是一个省略了that 的宾语从句。核心词汇：after 在.之后 after all 毕竟 paper 纸 /论文 realize 认识到 task 任务 extremely 极端地 complete 完成 主题归纳：与文件有关的词汇：business letter 商务信函 confidential 机密的 document 文件 notice通知2. Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story.译文：42% 的调查者承认他们在读完故事之前， 先翻到书的后面读了结尾。语法笔记：本句的主干是 Forty-two percent of people admitted。过去分词asked 做后置定语修饰people；admitted 后面是省略了that 的宾语从句；to read the end 是不定式做目的状语；before引导时间状语， 句中before 是介词，所以后面使用了动名词形式的finishing the story。核心词汇：Forty-two 四十二 people 人们 ask 问 admit 承认 read 读 end 结束 finish 完成 主题归纳：与文学有关的词汇：adventure story 冒险故事 biography 传记 fairy tale 童话故事 fiction 小说 Literary 文学 novel 长篇小说3. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.译文：工作人员态度友善且乐于助人， 会在您到达时为您提供城市地图， 并在您需要时提供建议。语法笔记：本句的主干是The staff is friendly and helpful 。Providing you with .and offering advice.做伴随状语，其中包含when引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句， and表并列， 连接providing you with .和offering advice.两个部分核心词汇：staff 全体职员 friendly 友好的 helpful 有帮助的 provide 提供 offer 提供、出价 advice 建议主题归纳：与文件出国旅游有关的词汇：aboard在（船，飞机，火车）上 abroad 到国外 accommodation住宿 baggage行李 double room 双人房间 international 国际的 passport 护照 reservation 预约 scenery 风景 语法学习day 3介词 连词复习回顾题型训练技巧阅读技巧总结：一、 主旨大意题【解题技巧】 阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这两种文体的结构可归纳为：提出问题论述问题得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况。  位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二、三句的关系；如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。 位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主題句的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so, therefore, thus, consequently; in conclusion, in short; in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，以确定其是否是主题句。 位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答（主题句），最后给予解释；或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想（主题句），最后给予解释。 首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。  当没有明确的主题句时，可以通过寻找关键词（出现频率较高的词汇）, 进行归纳总结。例题（1）：找出此类主旨题答案位置_Two little girls who are lovely in Britain are bringing thousands of people together to sign a petition (请愿书) demanding that Burger King and McDonalds stop giving away free plastic toys.With the help of their mother, nine-year-old Ella and seven-year-old Caitlin started an online petition in order to persuade the fast food giants (巨头) to do away with the wasteful toys that come with Happy Meals and Junior Meals.Since starting the petition, the youngsters have got over 350,000 signatures of their 500,000 goal, and the call to action has already received further support from adults and children.“Weve been learning all about the environment at school and the problem of plastic. It made us very sad to see how plastic harms wildlife and pollutes the ocean, and we want to change this,” reads the petition. “Thats why we want Burger King and McDonalds to think of the environment and stop giving away plastic toys with their kids meals.”“We like to go to eat at Burger King and McDonalds, but children only play with the plastic toys for a few minutes before they get thrown away and harm animals and pollute the sea. We want anything they give us to be environmentally friendly so we can protect the planet for ourselves and for future generations,” they continued.In addition to the girls making a convincing argument, the amount of signatures on the petition almost doubled after reporters with the BBCs War on Plastic followed the young activists to the McDonalds headquarters in order to present the petition.Since the little girls story started being picked up by international news outlets, Burger King and McDonalds have emailed statements to CNBC detailing their plans for making their free toys more environmentally friendly.11. Which of the following best describes the two little girls story?A. Its about product promotion. B. Its about company introduction.C. Its about commercial advertising. D. Its about environmental protection.例题（2）答案位置：_A new device (设备) called Orion is helping those who are blind to see. It does this in a new way by helping them experience the world around them.Jason Esterhuizen lost his eyesight after a car accident. He never thought he would be able to see light or movement again. But now with the movement of a switch (开关), his world suddenly grew brighter.He says, “I still cant put it into words. I mean from being able to see absolutely nothing, its completely black, to all of a sudden seeing little flickers (闪烁) of light move around.” It is not full or normal sight, but Esterhuizen can move about in the world around him.The new technology uses several parts. One is a small device placed in the brain. The other parts are a video camera on sunglasses and a processing device that can be carried in a persons clothes. When the user points the camera, a signal goes to the processor (处理器) and then back to the glasses. The glasses then are in wireless communication with the device in the brain. The information causes a pattern to develop in the part of the brain. The pattern helps users sense or see movement and shapes of light. And it all happens in seconds.Esterhuizen is one of just two people in the U.S. testing this technology. He says that “I can tell someone moving across the room, walking past me or walking away from me, or its a light against the wall. It is just amazing to have some form of functional vision again.” He adds that now he can do everyday activities around his home that he once could not. It is easier to walk outside.The researchers believe that one day this technology could help people who have lost their vision because of illnesses like diabetes. It may also help those with poor vision or who were born blind.15. What is the main idea of the text?A. Orion makes homes brighter. B. Orion functions as normal eyes.C. A new equipment helps the blind see. D. A new technology happens in seconds.例题（3）答案位置：_ In recent years, Boston Dynamics has become known for two things. One, creating robots whose movements mimic (模仿) humans and animals. Many find their accuracy surprising and concerning. The second reason is posting mysterious videos of these robots online without warning. The videos quickly go popular and spread a mixture of excitement and terror over the rapid rise of self-operating machines.The company has made four-legged robots in recent years, with names like Spot, Wildcat and BigDog. These robots can do tasks such as open doors, carry heavy loads and run nearly 20 miles per hour. The company's most popular product appears to be Atlas, the robotic athlete. It calls Atlas "the world's most dynamic humanlike robot."The robot is guided by 3-D vision. It also uses LiDAR, short for Light Detection And Ranging, a sensor (传感器) that uses a laser (激光) to measure the distance between objects. With this technology, the small robot can pull nearly 25 pounds. The company says Atlas can also handle objects in its environment, cross rough land, keep its balance when pushed and get back up when knocked down.Three years ago, Atlas was recorded clumsily walking through the snow at a slow speed. Curiosity about Atlas increased last year when Boston Dynamics posted a video clip on YouTube. In it, the previously awkward robot goes for a jog in a grassy area. The video seemed to surprise many viewers, including the newspaper called the Daily Mail. The newspaper was reporting on Atlas's physical accomplishment at the time.The paper wrote, "If you thought you'd be able to run away from the terrifying new robots, bad news."12. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Robots mimicking humans and animals go popular. B. Boston Dynamic is likely to create more new robots.C. Humanlike robots are developing at a surprising speed. D. A new video of the latest robots make people amused.细节理解题  文章主题的阐述需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要。细节理解题常见的解题技巧有：审清题干，通过关键词找准文章对应信息；利用表示时间、空间、因果、类比、转折、并列等关系的连词，准确把握上下文关系；注意文中信息和选项信息的区别，避免以偏概全、偷梁换柱等。9. Why are the two little girls gathering many people together?（例题1）A. To gain peoples attention. B. To get over 350,000 signatures.C. To eat at Burger King and McDonalds. D. To stop two giants presenting free plastic toys.推理判断题 推理判断题的题干中往往含有一些标志性词语，如learn, infer, suggest, conclude等。考生需要根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等，但必须以事实为依据，切忌脱离原文，主观臆断。了解推理判断题干扰项的设置规律能够有效地帮助考生答题。干扰项的特点包括偷换概念、因果倒置、偷梁换柱（对文章不同内容的嫁接）、扩大或缩小范围（对文中提到的内容通过更改形容词等方式放大或缩小处理）、断章取义、不相关事实罗列、无中生有等。14. What can we infer from the last paragraph?（例题3）A. Its bad that we can run away from the new robots. B. People are happy about the improvements to new robots.C. Humans power over machines and robots has come to an end.D. Improvements to robots raised concern among us human.词义猜测题首先要明白，英语单词的含义，语境不同，意思也会不同。考生应根据上下文正确理解词义。词义猜测题的考查一般有两种方式：对生词含义的推断；熟词生义或是在特定场合的含义。其解题技巧包括以下几个方面：1. 通过因果关系猜词首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词（because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等）表示前因后果。  例如：You shouldnt have blamed him for that, for it wasnt his fault.  通过for引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。 2. 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词  通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars, and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus（金星）, Mars（火星）, Jupiter（木星）均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but, while, however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother. 根据not at all.handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即 “不英俊、不漂亮”的意思。 3. 通过构词法猜词  根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money.（ “-un”含否定意义，故为“不太可能”之意。） 4. 通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 例如：But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为“久旱，旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is, or, that is, in other words, be called或破折号等来表示。5. 通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas. 假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples, coconuts和bananas, oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 6. 通过描述猜词 描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知，penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。下文更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。 7. 根据常识猜词   如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.（lintel“过梁”） Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.（tiptoed“踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚”）13. What does the underlined word “awkward” in paragraph 4 mean?（例题3）A. Dangerous. B. Unskillful. C. Graceful.D. Convenient.做阅读理解的总体思路：看题干，划关键词（关键词一般为名词，形容词，副词，动词，大写字母，数字，特殊符号），通过扫读，查读 迅速在原文找到位置，然后圈上与题干一致的词（这点很重要，一定动笔划上，否则会漏掉重要信息），接下来与选项比对确定答案。在确定答案过程中 注意: 1.定位=答案（不可超越定位的范围去寻找答案，一般不超过三句即定位的当行，上一行，下一行，称为黄金三句）2.一定以文章为本，按照文章里的信息来分析比对，不可掺杂自己的主观臆断。3.在比对答案时必须细心，认真，不可大致理解，这样容易漏掉关键信息，导致选错答案。尤其事实细节题，和推理判断题。正确答案的设置特征1. 与中心主旨相关 2.原词复现，同意替换，句意表达一致3.在选项中有表达委婉语气的情态动词：could，may, might4具有总结性，概括性，深刻性的选项（一般主旨大意题）选项内容位于文章的段首，段末，转折处错误答案的特征：1. 正反混淆（答非所问，偷换概念） 2.扩大范围或者片面叙述3.无中生有（文章未提到） 4.绝对化的叙述（never，must,only,always,all等）阅读练：第三篇You can use me as a last resort（选择）,and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(曲棍球)club.I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on. At the point the unwilling parent speaks up,“all right. Yes ,Ill do it.” Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collec