四级写作常用词汇词组句型.doc

四级写作考试常用词汇常用的名词： abolishment 废除 absurdity 荒唐；谬论abuse 滥用achievement 成绩acquaintance 熟人adaptation 改写；适应admiration 崇拜adventurer/explorer 探险者adverse impact 负面影响adversity 逆境affection 友情/感情alienation 疏远  ambition 志向amusement 娱乐anecdote 轶事apathy 冷漠无情approach 鼓掌architecture 建筑art 艺术assault 攻击assessment 评估association 联想；联系athlete 运动员availability 可得到的东西barrier 妨碍behavior 行为beneficiary 受益人budget 预算burden 负担 campaign 运动candidate 候选人capacity 能力celebrity 名人character 性格characteristic 特征charm 魅力clerk 职员cohesion 凝聚力colleague 同事collectivism 集体主义comfort 舒适commercial 商业广告commercialization 商业化commodity 商品companion/partner 同伴conformity 一致consensus 同意consultation 咨询consumption 消费content 内容contentment 满意；满足contribution 贡献correlation 相关性costume 服装creativity 创造性criteria 条件cruelty 残忍customer 顾客cybercrime 网络犯罪depression 沮丧；低沉deprivation 剥夺descendant 后代 deterioration 恶化 detour 绕道developed countries 发达国家developing countries 发展中国家 digestion 消化吸收dignity 尊严discipline 纪律discomfort 不舒服discontent 不满足discrimination 歧视；区别 disgust 反感disorder 无序状态disorientation 迷失方向感disposition 性格 distraction 干扰diversity 多样化；多样性domain 领域duplication 重复（建设）duration 持续期间economy 耐用employee 雇员employer 雇主endeavor 努力做enjoyment 享受enthusiasm 热情；狂热equality 平等evaluation 评价exception 例外exhibition 展览exploration 探险export 出口favor 喜好feature 特点fidelity 忠实flexibility 灵活性forefather/ancestors 祖先freedom 自由frustration 挫折gallery 美术馆garment 服装goodwill 善意grace 雅致graduate 毕业生guardian 监护人halt 停止；终止hardship 艰难险阻heritage 遗产horizon 地平线hostility 敌对humanity 人性idol 偶像immunity 免疫力import 进口indication 迹象indictment 控告indifference 不关心individuality 个性化industry 工业；行业inequality 不平等infrastructure 基础设施ingenuity 独创性initiative 主动性instruction 教导instructor 教师integrity 诚实intellectual 知识分子intelligence 智能interaction 交际interference 干涉interpretation 解释intolerance 不宽容intrusiveness 干涉involvement 参与jealousy 妒忌jogging 慢跑joint effort 共同努力journalist/correspondent 记者joy/delight 欢乐lack 缺乏landmark 标志性建筑；里程碑license 执照life expectancy/life span 寿命literacy 读写能力manufacturer 制造商match 匹配measure 测量；评估millennium 千年minority 少数人misconduct 行为不端morality 道德常用的形容词和副词：       absurd 荒唐的addictive 上瘾的affectionate 有感情的aggressive 有上进心的alert 敏锐的；警惕的arduous 费劲的 artistic 艺术的authoritative 权威性的awkward 尴尬的balanced 平衡的cogent 使人信服的cold-blooded 冷血的cold-hearted 无情的compassionate 富有同情心的compatible 兼容的complicated 复杂的confident 自信的contemptible 可鄙的contributive 有贡献的corrupt 腐败的delicious 美味可口的demanding 要求高的desirable 值得要的 detrimental 有害的devious 偏离正道的 dishonorable 不光彩的disturbed 受到干扰的eccentric 古怪的economical 经济的 enlightened 开明的；文明的evil 邪恶的exotic 异国的fallacious 荒谬的fashionable 时髦的feasible 可行的fictitious 虚假的flexile 灵活多样的fruitful 有成效的glamorous 富有魅力的gorgeous 辉煌的humane 人道的ignorant(of) 无视的；无知的impressive 令人印象深刻的inborn 天生的incompatible 不调和的incompatible 不和适宜的inconceivable 不可思议的indecent 不妥的；不检点的indifferent 冷漠的indispensable 不可或缺的inexhaustible 取之不尽的infectious 传染性的inferior 低人一等的infirm （身体）弱的influential 有影响力的ingrain 根深蒂固的inhumane 不人道的initially 首先innocent 多管闲事的inquisitive 有害无益insalubrious 有教育意义的instructive 智力的intellectual 中间的；过渡的interim 人际关系的interpersonal 密切的intimate 不可侵犯的inviolable 内在的inward 不可挽回的irreparable 不可抵抗的irresistible 不可挽回的irritating 恼人的isolated(from) 隔绝的laudable 可赞誉的lavishly 大方的legitimate 合法的loyal 忠诚的luxurious 奢侈的magnanimous 宽宏大量的mature 成熟的misleading 误导的misrepresented 不如实叙述的money-oriented 向钱看的multilateral 对方面的nourished 有营养的obscure 晦涩的old-fashioned/out of date 过时的palatable 美味的perilous 危险的permissive 宽容的；许可的pernicious 有害无益的pornographic 色情的potential 潜在的practical 实际的；务实的preferential 优惠的pressing 紧迫的prevailing 占主导地位的；流行的professional 专业的 prosperous 繁荣昌盛的prudent 明智的 psychological 心理上rational 理性的resentful 愤怒的reverse 相反的rewarding 值得的ridiculous 荒谬的rigid 严格的rough 粗略的 self-contemptuous 自卑的shabby 破旧不堪的sheltered 受保护的sociable 好交际的sole 唯一的stern/strict 严格的stressful 有压力的stringent 严厉的stylish 时髦的superficial 表面现象的tempting 吸引人的time-honored 久享盛名的 traditional 传统的typical 典型的 unadvised 轻率的uncompromising 不妥协的unconcerned 冷漠的uneasy 不自在的unethical 不道德的unfeeling 冷漠的unhealthy 不健康的unified 同一标准的unique 独特的unjust 不公平的unscrupulous 肆无忌惮的unsociable 不善于社交的untimely 不和适宜的unwholesome 不健康的utterly 完全；绝对地vexing 令人烦恼的vivid 形象的voluntary 自愿的vulnerable 易受伤害的well-grounded 有充足理由的wholesome 健康的常用的动词：       abide by/obey/observe 遵守abolish 废除abuse 虐待；滥用accommodate 供给；调节acquire 获取adore 崇拜；爱慕allocate 分配alter 改变appeal to/attract 吸引approach 对待；处理approve of 赞成arise 出现arouse 激发assume 承担（责任）attach 赋予；粘attain/obtain/acquire 获取；得到attend 参加；就读ban 禁止blossom 兴旺发达boom 繁荣bring sb./sth. into full play 充分调动的积极性 collect 收集 commute 来回往返于condemn 谴责consult 咨询contaminate 污染contribute to 贡献crack down on 打击cultivate 培养defy 不服从；藐视degenerate 退化degrade 使降级depreciate 贬值deprive(of) 剥夺desert 抛弃detect 侦查deter 阻止deteriorate 恶化determine 决定disclose 揭露discourage 使气馁diversify 使多样化divert 使分心dominate 占优势drop out 退学；放弃eliminate 消除endanger 危害enlighten 启发enrich 丰富entertain 招待；娱乐 evaluate 评价evolve 演变exaggerate 夸张exert 施加（压力）expel 排除；开除explore 探究expose 揭露give full play to 充分发挥guarantee 保证；担保hamper 妨碍；牵制hinder/impede/block/hamper 阻碍idealize 理想化identify 辨认ignore 无视；不理睬imitate 模仿impair 危害；伤害impose/confine/place restrictions on/restrict/limit 限制incur 招致；引发inflict 使承受inherit 继承innovate 改革创新invent money in 投资install/set up/erect/fix/mount 安装lavish 浪费maltreat 虐待maximize 最大化minimize 使最小化mould/build 塑造neglect 忽视oblige 强迫observe/follow 遵从overcome 克服（困难）participate 参与perform 履行；表演please 取悦preserve 保留；保护prohibit 禁止publicize 宣传pursue 追求quit 放弃quote 引用refine 精炼reflect 反映reform 改革refresh 使恢复regulate 管制；调控rehabilitate 改造reject 剔除relax 修养release 释放render 给予represent 代表resort to 速诸于；采取restore 重建；恢复restrain 约束retain 保留roam 闲逛sacrifice 牺牲shirk 回避shun 回避signify 表示；意味spoil/indulge 宠坏；溺爱spread 传播steer 驶向；掌舵stick to 坚持stimulate 刺激stipulate/set 规定substitute 代替supervise 监督control 控制surpass 超过survive 生存threaten 威胁tolerate 忍受treasure 珍视trigger 引发underestimate 低估undermine 危害unload 摆脱负担vanish 消失wither 退化；萎缩wreck 摧毁连词：  1)表层次:first, firstly, to begin with, further, in the first placesecond, secondly, to start with, still, furthermorethird, thirdly, what is more, last, last but not leastalso, and then, next, besidesand equally important too moreoverbesides in addition finally2)表转折；by contrast although though yetat the same time but despite the fact that even soin contrast nevertheless even though for all thatnotwithstanding on the contrary however in spite ofon the other hand otherwise instead stillregardless3)表因果；therefore consequently because of for the reasonthus hence due to owing toso accordingly thanks to on this accountsince as on that account in this wayfor as a result as a consequence4）表让步：still nevertheless concession granted naturallyin spite of all the same of course despiteeven so after all5)表递近：furthermore moreover likewise what is morebesides also not only.but also. too in addition6)表举例：for example for instance for one thing that is to illustrate as an illustration a case in point7)表解释：as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namelyin other words8)表总结：in summary in a word thus as has been saidin brief in conclusion altogether in other wordsto conclude in fact finally in simpler termsindeed in short in particular that isin other words of course on the whole to put it differentlynamely in all therefore to summarize常用表达一、表达万能理由 (Omnipotence)： 1、方便：convenient/convenience2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency 3、节省和浪费：save time/money/space; economical, thrift, waste time/money/space; costly, lavish 4、人的心理健康independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative 5、人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic 6、娱乐：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax, tired, boring, lonely 7、环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty 8、安全和危险：safe, danger, risk 9、经验：experience, social experience, enter the society 10、人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely 二、基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 1、越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 2、人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that 3、许多问题：a host of/a number of problems 4、引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth. 5、意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger 6、适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change 7、接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems 8、接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society 9、获得成功：achieve/accomplish success 10、提出观点/建议：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions 11、作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study) 12、影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/work 13、产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on 14、较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of ones life 15、剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity16、取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way 17、采取措施：take effective steps/measures to 18、控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment19、躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge 20、满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of 21、补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage 22、解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon 23、对很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into 24、把某因素考虑进去：take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to 25、品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth 26、培养对的信心：develop/foster ones interest/confidence in 27、经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience 28、表现出自信心等：project ones confidence/feeling/image 29、生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice 30、追求学习/职业：pursue ones academic interest/professional career 31、学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill 32、被看作学习的榜样：be held up as a good example 33、交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge 34、发挥/起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part 35、逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture 36、知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience 37、确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard 38、到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective 39、克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty 40、面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty 41、阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth 42、阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of 43、持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom 44、发表看法：voice/express ones opinion 45、持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view 46、揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of47、求得帮助：enlist ones support/help 48、缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country) 49、把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to50、对重要：be indispensable/important/vital to 51、施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on 52、重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to 53、强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on 54、把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts upon 55、提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb. 56、抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity 57、得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information 58、有可能：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that 59、展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of 60、开展运动：conduct(carry on/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against) 61、对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me 62、带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint 63、献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career 64、大不（没什么）两样：make much(little/no) difference 65、真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is  66、改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life 67、建立在大量的学习/实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice 68、进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment 69、辞去工作/学习：leave/quit ones job/work/school 70、参加考试/竞赛等：enter (for) the examination/contest, race 71、参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion 72、影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape ones thinking/attitude 73、进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals 74、实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream(hops/wish/desire) 75、减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension 76、提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership77、提高技术/能力：sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) ones skill/ability 78、加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of 79、随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society80、开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden ones interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) ones mental horizons 81、有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of 82、有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards) solving the problem 83、迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune 84、把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth. 85、利用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent 86、把知识/经验运用到：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience to practice/daily life/good use 87、取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in 88、充分发挥潜力/能力：develop ones ability/potential to the full, give full play to ones ability 89、充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for  成语篇1. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 2. God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者3. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 4. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 5. One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。6. Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 7. A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。 8. Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。 9. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。 10. Beauty without virtue is a ros