决胜英语六级阅读试题含答案.doc

决胜英语六级阅读试题含答案44Running a fever was once thought to be the prerogative of warmblooded creatures, whose internal temperatures are indpendent of the weather. But, as Matthew Kluger reported in “The Importance of Being Feverish” (January 1976), lizards can also develop fevers, even though there is no question that they are coldblooded. They raise their temperatures by moving into the sun or, in the case of Klugers experiments, under a sun lamp. And it seems to do them some good. Sick lizards kept in cages at feverish temperatures fare much better than their counterparts in normal and cool environments.Now, fever has spread to invertebrates(无脊椎动物). Recent studies have shown that crayfish and scorpions can develop fevers. Crayfish injected with bacteria and scorpions injected with prostaglandins(前列腺素) swam and scuttled to hot areas. (Prostaglandins are hormones thought to be instrumental in the development of a fever.)Evidence is also mounting that moderate fevers have their benefits, which might explain why the fever process is so widespread. Leukocytes, white blood cells that are active in fighting bacterial infections, are more mobile at febrile temperatures. And fevers reduce the amount of iron available to bacteria. That reduction, combined with high temperatures, has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth.1. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A. Coldblooded animals can develop fevers.B. There are benefits to developing fevers.C. Fevers inhibit bacterial growth.D. Lizards can develop fevers.2. Fevers cause _.A. prostaglandins to be formedB. iron to be made available to bacteriaC. leukocytes to be more mobileD. lizards to be coldblooded animals3. Which of the following statements is true?A. Developing fever is the privilege of warmblooded animals, so sick lizards can not run a fever.B. Invertebrates also have the ability to raise their temperature.C. The internal temperatures of warmblooded creatures are independent of the weather, so are the coldblooded animal.D. Sick lizards move into the sun to develop fever.4. The passage implies that _.A. the fever process is widespread because moderate fevers have benefitsB. the reduction of fevers can inhibit bacterial growthC. man can use sun lamp to raise lizards temperatureD. Crayfish injected with bacteria have a purpose for moving to hot areas5. Scorpions injected with prostaglandins move to hot areas to _.A. engage in greater activityB. seek out a moreiron environmentC. demonstrate that they are illD. develop a fever and fight bacterial infections2In the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many dont stop at 100. By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Soviet old people arent alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Vilcabambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long life too.These peoples remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Soviet Georgians, aged 110 to 140, work in the fields beside their great greatgrandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.” The very youngest estimate was age 60.What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long lived peoples. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. He remembers his life experiences: the Crimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intentions of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?” he asks. Oh, hes slowed down a bit. Now he might quit for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10.All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations of 5,000 to 12,000 feet (1,660 to 4,000 meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollutionfree. This reducedoxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger.Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society.Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longestlived peoples had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.Finally, although these three groups dont eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. The Hunzas, Vilcabambans, and Soviets eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese, and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and remarkable long life of all these people.6. What is the main subject of this passage? A. Mr. Mamedovs life.B. A description of several societies where people live a long time.C. Suggestions for how you can live a long life.D. Hard physical work is a good way to live a long time.7. The description of Mr. Rustam Mamedov is _.A. an example of a typical long life among these peopleB. an example of an unusual long life among these peopleC. an explanation of why he is still healthyD. an explanation of what way of life we should take8. The subject of paragraph 7 is _.A. isolation B. inherited factorsC. food and diet D. animal meat9. This article concludes that _ contribute to the remarkable long life of these peoples.A. moderate diets B. clean mountain airC. daily hard work D. all the above factors10. How do you think the author feels about these longlived people?A. He is impressed with them.B. He doesnt care.C. He doesnt like them.D. He cares little about them.3A university student in Nairobi, Kenya, was stopped for a traffic violation the other day. The policeman took out his ticket book and asked, “What tribe are you?” In Lusaka, Zambia, a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the receptionists desk and asked, “What tribe is he?” When the receptionist told him that the manager was a Mashona, the applicant replied, “Then Ill never get the job.”This phenomenon is called tribalism. There are more than 2,000 tribes in black Africa. Each has its own language, customs, names, and physical characteristics that make its members almost immediately recognizable to a person from another tribe. To the Westerner, tribalism is one of the most difficult of African customs to understand. It makes many people think of savagery, warfare, or oldfashioned customs.However, to most Africans, tribalism simply means very strong loyalty to ones ethnic group. It is a force that can be both good and bad. By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family. It makes sure that a person is taken care of by his own group. To give a job to a fellow tribesman is not wrong; it is an obligation. Similarly, for a politician or military leader, it is considered good common sense to choose his closest advisers from people of his own tribe. This ensures security, continuity, authority. Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotionfrom sergeant to captain, from clerk to managerwithin a very short time.Modern African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions. Yet it remains perhaps the most powerful force in daytoday African life. As evidence of tribalism, in 1977 in Kenya, President Jomo Kenyattas Kikuyu tribe controlled business and politics. Eight of the 21 cabinet posts, including the most important four, were filled by Kikuyus. In Uganda in the same year, the Presidents small Kakwa tribe filled almost all the highest government and military positions. In Angola, Ethiopia, and Nigeria, the fighting in the past ten years can be partly explained by disagreements among tribes.One country that has largely avoided tribal problems is Tanzania. Some observers say this is partly because Tanzania has so many tribes (about 120) that none has been able to become a major force. 11. Why did the applicant reply “Then Ill never get the job?”A. Because he was a Mashona.B. Because he was not a Mashona.C. Because he could do the job.D. Because he had no such ability.12. The two situations in paragraph 1 are examples of _.A. typical young men in AfricaB. unusual problemsC. the importance of tribalismD. the application of job13. According to the article, what is the definition of tribalism?A. Giving a job to a fellow tribesman.B. A force that can be both good and bad.C. Sharing among members of the extended family.D. Making sure that a person is taken care of by his own group.14. In paragraph 4, how many examples are there “as evidence of tribalism”?A. Three. B. Two. C. One. D. Four.15. In the last paragraph (about 120) is in parentheses to show _.A. that it is unimportantB. how many tribes there areC. that it is a large numberD. how many people there are4When people communicate facetoface, they convey information in several ways apart from by the words they use. Thus, how often they make eye contact and how long they sustain that contact can indicate their degree of intimacy, interest in or understanding of what they are communicating verbally. Their posturethe way they sit or standcan reveal attention, interest, disagreement or boredom. The distance they sit or stand from one another and the angle at which they do also can suggest friendship, hostility or respect. These and other forms of nonverbal communication are so pervasive that we usually scarcely notice them. Their importance quickly becomes apparent, however, when for some reason they are lacking or unclear.One occasion when most people notice the importance of nonverbal communication is when they are talking on the telephone. There is an unwritten rule of telephone conversations that the listener must supply frequent and regular confirmation that he or she is listening. This is done by saying Aha, Mmhm, Yes, I see, and so on. Failure to do this often enough may result in the speaker interrupting him or herself to ask if the other person is “still there”. In facetoface conversation, this is unnecessary, as attention and understanding are conveyed silently, chiefly by eye contact and posture.Another situation where the importance of nonverbal communication becomes clear is during crosscultural communication. It is an instructive experience to travel in a foreign country whose culture is very different from ones own. Does one shake hands, bow, touch, point, wink, and so on, or are some or all of these behaviors considered rude? How long can eye contact be maintained without indicating something more than polite interest? How close does one stand before being disrespectful or too intimate, how far away before being thought cold or hostile? Features like these can sometimes be more important in a second language than grammatical accuracy or a good accent.16. You can use several ways to communicate with others except _ .A.using language B.making eye contactC.by the posture D.using ear contact17. The forms of nonverbal communication are _ .A.very prevalent B.apparentC.unclear D.noticeable18. On what occasion people will notice the importance of nonverbal communication, according to the passage?A. When you have an interview with the manager.B. When you are in a foreign country which language you cant understand.C. When you are having a facetoface communication.D. When you stand with somebody.19. According to the passage the following statements can convey a certain kind of information except _ .A.the time of eye contactB.the distance between the two personsC.the way of sitting or standingD.the way of talking20. What is the title of the passage?A.How to Use Nonverbal Communication.B.The Ways of Communication.C.Nonverbal Communication.D.The Effect of Nonverbal Communication.答案部分1短文大意升高体温曾被认为是热血动物的特权，但是冷血动物也同样具有这种能力，现在升高体温的能力扩展到了无脊椎动物。适度的升温有利，因此升温过程应用广泛，得病的动物都有向炎热地区移动的倾向。1. 答案A。【参考译文】 下列表述哪一项最能说明本文的主要内容?【试题分析】 本题测试的是文章的中心内容。【详细解答】 这篇文章的主要内容。文章第一段就给予了说明：Running a fever was once thought to be the prerogative of warmblooded creatures,. (升高体温曾被认为是热血动物的特权)。但是 . lizards can also develop fevers, even though there is no question that they are coldblooded.(蜥蜴也能升高体温，尽管他们毫无疑问属于冷血动物)。随后作者进一步说明，同时扩展到了无脊椎动物。B项升高体温有益，C项高温阻碍细菌生产，D项蜥蜴能升高体温这三项虽在文章中均被提及，但只是作为支持上述观点的例子，因此最佳答案应为A项“冷血动物能够升高体温”。2. 答案C。【参考译文】 高温引起白血球更加活跃。【试题分析】 本题是道细节题。【详细解答】 本题答案选择C项是根据文章最后一段中Leukocytes, white blood cells that are active in fighting bacterial infections are more mobile at febrile temperature.(积极参与抵抗细菌入侵的白血球在高温下更加活跃。)而作出的，A项和B项的叙述与文章不相符，而D项虽是正确的表述，但与本题毫不相关，因此要舍弃。3. 答案B。【参考译文】 下列陈述中正确的是哪一项?【试题分析】 本题测试的是文章的细节部分。【详细解答】 文章第一段开始两句话告诉我们升高体温曾被认为是热血动物的特权，但是冷血动物也同样具有这种能力，蜥蜴就是一个例子，因此A项不正确。文章第二段Now, fever has spread to invertebrates.(现在，升高体温的能力扩展到了无脊椎动物)。由此可见B项“无脊椎动物也具有升高体温的能力”是正确答案，C项中所说热血动物的体内温度是独立于天气之外的，这是正确的说法，但冷血动物是否也如此，文章并未提及，故放弃。生病的蜥蜴是呆在笼子里以求体温升高，所以D项也不正确。4. 答案D。【参考译文】 文章暗示到注入细菌的小龙虾有向炎热地区游动的倾向。【试题分析】 本题是道分析推理题。【详细解答】 本题所提供的四个选项均与文章内容相符，但在题目中有一关键词imply(暗示)，这就要求所选答案不仅正确，而且在文章中并未直接表述，通过推理又不难得出。文章第二段中介绍：Crayfish injected with bacteria . swam and scuttled to hot areas.(注入细菌的小龙虾急忙游向炎热的区域)。由此不难推出D项中所说注入细菌的小龙虾具有向炎热区域移动的意图的结论是正确的，因此本题最佳答案应为D项。5. 答案D。【参考译文】 被注入前列腺素的蝎子向炎热地区运动以便升高体温，预防细菌侵入。【试题分析】 本题是道细节分析题。【详细解答】 文章第三段开头就说明了：. moderate fevers have their benefits, which might explain why the fever process is so widespread.(适度的升温有利，这也许解释了为什么升温过程应用如此广泛)。这解释了为什么被注入前列腺素蝎子向炎热地区运动。A和C两项在文章中无法找到依据，而B项与文章内容相抵触，因此D项为正确答案。2短文大意在原苏联高加索地区长寿之人非常多，其长寿的因素概括起来是适度的节食、清新的山区空气和每日艰辛的劳动。6. 答案B。【参考