中国特色的词汇.docx

中国特色的词汇 1、中国意念词（Chinesenesses） 八卦 trigram 阴、阳 yin, yang 道 Dao（cf. logo） 江湖（世界） the jianghu World （the traits world） e.g. You cant control everything in a traits world. (人在江湖，身不由己) 道 Daoism（Taoism） 上火 excessive internal heat 儒学 Confucianism 红学（红楼梦研究） redology 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia 开放 kaifang （Chinese openness to the outside world） 大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done 伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded 不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on 合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) posts; guaranteed leading post 脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty 治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline2 、中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festivial） 国庆节 National Day 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Festival 春节 Spring Festival 元宵节 Lantern Festival 儿童节 Childrens Day 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 妇女节 Womens Day 泼水节 Water-Splashing Day 教师节 Teachers Day 五四青年节 Youth Day3、中国独特的传统饮食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods） 馄饨 wonton 锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi) 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 套餐 set meal 盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away（or take-out）米豆腐 rice tofu 魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu 米粉 rice noodles 冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) 火锅 chafing dish 八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding 粉丝 glass noodles 豆腐脑 jellied bean curd4 、中国新兴事物（Newly Sprouted Things） 中国电信 China Telecom 中国移动 China Mobile 十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan 中国电脑联网 Chinanet 三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project 希望工程 Project Hope 京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway 扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project 菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project 温饱工程 Decent-Life Project 安居工程 Economy Housing Project 扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign 西部大开发 Go-West Campaign5 、特有的一些汉语词汇 禅宗 Zen Buddhism 禅 dhyana; dhgaya 混沌 chaos 道 Daosim, the way and its power 四谛 Four Noble Truth 八正道 Eightfold Path 无常 anity 五行说 Theory of Five Elements 无我 anatman 坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation 空 sunyata 虚无 nothingness 双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英) 小品 witty skits 相声 cross-talk 噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt 夜猫子 night people; night-owls 本命年 this animal year of sb. 处世之道 philosophy of life 姻缘 yinyuan（prefixed fate of marriage） 还愿 redeem a wish (vows)6 、具有文化特色的现代表述 大陆中国 Mainland China 红宝书 little red book 红色中国 socialist China 四化 Four Modernizations 终生职业 job-for-life 铁饭碗 iron rice bowl 大锅饭 communal pot 关系户 closely-related units 外出打工人员 migrant workers 关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals 四美（心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美）： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment7 、中国古代独特事物（Unique Ancient Chinese Items） 宣纸 rice paper 衙门 yamen 叩头 kowtow 孔子Confucius 牌楼 pailou；pai-loo 武术 wushu（Chinese Martial Arts） 功夫 kungfu ；kung fu 中庸 the way of medium （cf. Golden Means） 中和 harmony (zhonghe) 孝顺 to show filial obedience 孝子 dutiful son 家长 family head 三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife 五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity 八股文 eight-legged essays 多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness 养儿防老：raising sons to support one in ones old age8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译 基层监督 grass-roots supervision 基础税率 base tariff level 婚介所 matrimonial agency 婚外恋 extramarital love 婚纱摄影 bride photo 黑心棉 shoddy cotton 机器阅卷 machine scoring 即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development 价格听证会 public price hearings 甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team 家政服务 household management service 加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 假帐 accounting fraud 叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel 矫情 use lame arguments 渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence 借调 temporarily transfer 扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. 扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption9 世界名著简。爱 Jane. Eyre红字 The scarlet letter 汤姆索亚历险记 The adventures of Tom Sawyer 双城记 Tales of two cities 傲慢与偏见 Pride and Prejudice 汤姆叔叔的小屋 Uncle Tom's Cabin 老人与海The old man and the sea 爱丽丝漫游记 The Adventures of Alice in Wonderland 安徒生童话集 Anderson's Fairy Tales 傲慢与偏见 Pride and Prejudice 愤怒的葡萄 Grapes of Wrath 格利佛游记 Gulliver's Travels 格林童话集 Grimm's Fairy Tales 根 Roots 呼啸山庄Wuthering Heights 环绕世界八十天 Around the World in Eighty Days 嘉丽妹妹Sister Carrie 罗滨逊漂流记 Robinson Crusoe 名利场 Vanity Fair 牛虻 The Gadfly 圣经的故事 The Story of the Bible 双城记 A Tale of Two Cities 苔丝姑娘Tess of the D' ubervilles 天方夜谭(Tales from) The Arabian Nights 汤姆叔叔的小屋 Uncle Tom's Cabin 汤姆索亚历险记 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 王子与贫儿 The Prince and the Pauper 雾都孤儿Oliver Twist 伊索寓言Aesop's Fables 远大前程The Great Expectations 月亮宝石The Moonstone 最后的诊断 The Final Diagnosis一些热点词汇 下岗laid-offworkers下海plungeintothecommercialsea下网offline小康之家well-offfamily;comfortably-offfamily新秀up-and-comingstar,risingstar新新人类NewHumanBeing；XGeneration信息港infoport形象小姐/先生imagerepresentativeofaproductorabrand虚拟网virtualnet学生处students'affairsdivision研究生毕业证/学位证graduatediploma/graudatedegree'sdiploma摇钱树cashcow以人为本peopleoriented;peopleforemost义务教育compulsoryeducation易拉罐popcan应试教育examination-orientededucationsystem舆论导向directionofpublicopinion运球dribble在职博士生on-jobdoctorate早恋puppylove招生就业指导办公室enrolmentandvocationguidanceoffice证券营业部stockexchange;securityexchange知识产权intellectualpropertyrights中专生secondaryspecializedortechnicalschoolstudent中流砥柱mainstay,chiefcornerstone专卖店exclusiveagency;franchisedstore自我保护意识self-protectionawareness综合国力comprehensivenationalstrength综合业务数字网integratedservicedigitalnetwork(ISDN)公正、公平、公开just,fairandopen好莱坞大片Hollywoodblockbuster黄金时段primetime假唱lip-synch劲射powershot拉拉队cheeringsquad来电显示电话机callerIDtelephone论文答辩(thesis)oraldefense泡沫经济bubbleeconomy票贩子scalper,tickettout拳头产品competitiveproducts;knock-outproducts;blockbuster三角恋爱lovetriangle三维动画片three-dimensionalanimation"扫黄"、"打非"eliminatepornographyandillegalpublications申办奥运会bidfortheOlympicGames实现中华民伟大复兴bringaboutagreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation市场疲软sluggishmarket素质教育educationforall-arounddevelopment筒子楼：tube-shapedapartment脱贫致富cast(shake,throw)offpovertyandsetoutonaroadtoprosperity网吧Internetbar网恋onlineloveaffair网上冲浪surftheInternet网上交易平台onlinetradingplatform网友netfriend无人售票self-serviceticketing无绳来电显示电话cordlesstelephonewithcallerID无线应用协议WAP（wirelessapplicationprotocol）总裁助理assistantpresident综合治理comprehensivetreatment安居工程housingprojectforlow-incomeurbanresidents信息化information-based;informationization智力密集型concentrationofbrainpower;knowledge-intensive外资企业overseas-fundedenterprises下岗职工laid-offworkers分流repositionofredundantpersonnel三角债chaindebts素质教育educationforall-rounddevelopment豆腐渣工程jerry-builtprojects社会治安情况law-and-ordersituation西部大开发DevelopmentoftheWestRegions可持续性发展sustainabledevelopment风险投资riskinvestment通货紧缩deflation扩大内需toexpanddomesticdemand计算机辅助教学computer-assistedruction(CAI)网络空间cyberspace虚拟现实virtualreality网民netizen(netcitizen)电脑犯罪computercrime电子商务thee-business网上购物shoppingonline应试教育exam-orientededucation学生减负toreducestudyload