英美文学史考前辅导.doc

英美文学史考前辅导试卷构成：1 作家作品对应 20，20个题2 判断题 30，15个题，每题2分3 简答题 30，5个题，每题6分4 论述题 20，1个题复习：一、 作家作品英国文学史Early and Medieval Period Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury TalesThe Period of English Renaissance Edmund Spenser The Faerie QueeneFrancis Bacon Essays, “The Advancement of Learning”, “New Instrument”William Shakespeare Four Great Tragedies= Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethFour Great Comedies= A Mid-Summer Nights Dream, As You Like It, The Merchant of Venice, Twelfth NightThe Period of English Bourgeois Revolution John Bunyan The Pilgrims ProgressJohn Miltion Paradise LostThe 18th CenturyAlexander Pope Essay on Criticism, The Rape of the Lock, Essay on ManJonathan Swift Gullivers Travels, “ A Modest Proposal”Daniel Defoe Robinson CrusoeSamuel Richardson Pamela, ClarissaHenry Fielding Tom Jones, Joseph AndrewsThe Romantic PeriodWilliam Wordsworth Lyrical BalladsSamuel Taylor Coleridge “The Rime of Ancient Mariner”, “Kubla Khan”Lord Byron Don Juan, Childe Harolds PilgrimagePercy Bysshe Shelley Prometheus Unbound, Queen Mab, The Revolt of Islam, “Ode to the West Wind”John Keats Endymion, Lamia, Hyperion, “Ode on a Grecian Urn”The 19th CenturyWilliam Makepeace Thackeray Vanity FairCharles Dickens Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, A Tale of Two CitiesJane Austen Pride and Prejudice, Sense and SensibilityCharlotte Bronte Jane EyreEmily Bronte Wuthering HeightsGeorge Eliot The Mill on the Floss, Silas MarnerThomas Hardy Tess of the DUrbervilles, Jude the Obscure, The Mayor of CasterbridgeThe Modern PeriodT. S. Eliot The WastelandD. H. Lawrence Sons and Lovers, Women in Love, The Rainbow, Lady Chatterleys LoverJames Joyce UlyssesVirginia Woolf To the Lighthouse, Mrs. Dalloway美国文学史The Colonial PeriodBenjamin Franklin Poor Richards Almanac, The Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinThe Romantic PeriodWashington Irving Rip Van Winkle, “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Henry David Thoreau WaldenNathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter, House with Seven Gabbles Herman Melville Moby DickWalt Whitman Leaves of Grass, Song of MyselfThe Realistic PeriodWilliam Dean Howells The Rise of Silas LaphamHenry James A Portrait of a Lady, Daisy MillerMark Twain The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnStephen Crane The Red Badge of CourageFrank Norris McTeagueTheodore Dreiser Sister Carrire, An American TragedyF. Scott Fitzgerald The Great GatsbyErnest Hemingway A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, The Old Man and the SeaWilliam Faulkner The Sound and the FuryAmerican DramaEugene ONeill Long Days Journey Into the Night, The Hairy Ape, Emperor JonesArthur Miller Death of a Salesman二、 事实判断1. Writers like Charles Dickens are called critical realists because they criticize social evils with their literature.2. James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are considered to be “stream-of-consciousness” novelists.3. Percy Shelley was a representative romantic poet who paid great attention to the natural flow of feelings in the writing of poetry.4. English Romantic poets can be put into two groups: one is called passive romanticists, including William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey; they are also called lake poets. The other is called active romanticists, including Lord Byron, Percy Shelley and John Keats.5. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Naturalist literature was formed in America. Important writers belonging to this school include Stephen Crane and Theodore Dreiser. 6. John Keats is sometimes regarded as a forerunner of the aesthetic school, because he pays great attention to the creation of beauty, sings praises of beauty and pursues beauty. In one of his poems, he says, “Beauty is truth, truth is beauty.”7. Geoffrey Chaucer is considered to be the founder of English poetry because he introduced rhymed verses to English poetry.8. Humanism is keynote of the Renaissance literature while reason is the keynote of the Classic poetry in England.9. Ralph Emerson was the founder of New England Transcendentalism. 10. Samuel Richardson is a famous epistolary novelist while Sir Walter Scott invented the historical novel.11. Samuel Richardsons Pamela is sometimes regarded as the first psycho-analytical novel in the English literary history.12. Henry James was an important realistic writer. His works are called literature of “psychological realism.”13. The beginning of the English Romantic Period was marked by the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 and its end was marked by Scotts death in 1832.14. Ezra Pound was the leader of Imagist poets. He emphasized the economy of words in writing poetry.15. William Shakespeare used blank verse in the writing of his plays.16. The novel in its modern sense rose in England in the 18th century. It reflects the ordinary life of the ordinary people in reality.17. Classic poets believed that they should follow certain fixed rules when writing literature.18. Alexander Pope was a representative classic poet who paid great attention to the rules of writing poetry.19. In the 19th century, the Critical Realist School was formed in England. Important writers belonging to this school include Dickens and Thackeray. 20. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an important American writer in the Romantic Period. He called his works romances.21. Ernest Hemingway was the leader of the “lost generation” writers. 22. Mark Twains works are generally marked by their “local colour.” He preferred to represent social life through portraits of local places which he knew best.23. Fitzgerald is famous for his detailed descriptions in his masterpiece The Great Gatsby.24. T. S. Eliot was a modern poet. His representative work, The Wasteland, represents the spiritual emptiness of the human world.25. In the writing of his Poor Richards Almanac, Benjamin Franklin includes a lot of witty remarks, some of which have become mottos of peoples lives. However, he didnt invent all these maxims himself, but borrowed a lot from earlier writers works. 26. Emily Dickinsons poetry is characterized with concise, direct and simple diction and syntax.27. Dean Howells was an important representative of American realistic novel. To him, realism is by no means mere photographic pictures of externals but includes a central concern with “motives” and psychological conflicts.28. In the writing of his plays, Arther Miller is mostly concerned about the dilemma of modern man in relation to his family and work. Death of a Salesman is a good example.29. Faulkner was a daring formal experimentalist. His efforts in experiments are evident in his complicated methods of narration. 30. Eugene ONeil was the greatest dramatist in the period of American modern drama. He was the owner of the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize.三、 简答题1) What was “The Norman Conquest”? What was its impact on the English language and literature? (pp. 7-8) 2) What was “The English Conquest”? What was its impact on the English language and literature? (pp. 2-3)3) What are the periods of Shakespeares literary career? What are their respective features? (pp. 66-76)4) What are the periods of Charles Dickens literary career? What are their respective features? (pp. 337-361)5) How is William Faulkners style? (pp. 318-321)7) Who are active romanticists? Tell their respective features.8) What were the basic principles of classicists? (pp.149-150)9) What is the importance of Sir Walter Scott in the history of English literature? What is special about him?10) What are the basic principles held by naturalist writers? Whats the difference between naturalist literature and realistic literature? (p. 440)11) What are the important thoughts of New England Transcendentalists? (pp.75-76)12) What are the basic principles of Imagist poets? Tell at least one representative Imagist poet and his work. (pp. 221)13) What kind of person is Robinson Crusoe in Defoes Robinson Crusoe? Whats the significance of this image? (pp. 177-179)14) What kind of person is Santiago in Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea? Whats the significance of this image? (p. 301)15) What were the two important literary movement and school in the early part of the 18th century England? And what was their influence on English literature? (pp. 148-150)四、 论述题1) What are the periods of William Shakespeares dramatic creation? What are the features of the respective periods? Give evidence to support your statements.要点：Three periods: 1. Period of historical plays and comedies. This period is characterized by happiness and optimism. This period can be further put into two phases: the phase of apprenticeship and the phase of maturation. Great Comedies. Even tragedies have comic colour.2. Period of tragedies. This period is characterized by gloom. Great tragedies.3. Period of romances or tragi-comedies. This period is characterized by reconciliation. The Tempest2) Why do people say that English critical realists are reformists rather than revolutionaries? Give evidence to support your statements.要点：The English critical realists of the 19th century not only gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling classes, but also showed profound sympathy for the common people. In their best works, the greed and hypocrisy of the upper classes are contrasted with the honesty and good-heartedness of the obscure “simple people” of the lower classes. Here lies the root of the democratic and humanistic character of the critical realism of the 19th century. But the realists did not find a way to eradicate social evils. They did not realize the necessity of changing the bourgeois society. They were unable to find a good solution to the social contradictions. The chief tendency in their works is not of revolution but rather of reformism. They often start with a powerful exposure of the ugliness of the bourgeois world, merely to close in a much too coincidental happy ending or an impotent compromise. Here we see at once the strength and the weakness of the critical realism. Charles Dickens is a good example to show that the critical realist is a reformer. In many of Dickens works, there are good models of kind-hearted people from the bourgeois class. Dickens believed in “fraternity”. He thought that all men were brothers. If the rich people helped the poor, then there would be no poverty in the society. He intended to create good models in his novels to be learned from so that in this way the social problems would be eradicated. And in most of Dickens early works, there is always a happy ending achieved in one way or another. Dickens “Oliver Twist” clearly shows Dickens good intention in writing his critical novels. Mr. Brownlow is a good model for the bourgeois class. 3) What are the periods of Charles Dickens literary creation? What are the features of the respective periods? Give evidence to support your statements.要点：1. Dickens literary career can be divided into three periods: 1) 1836-1841, characterized by fun, high spirit, and a tendency even to literary boisterous play, alternating sometimes with spells of sentimentalism. Naive optimism is characteristic of the petty-bourgeois humanitarians of his time. His famous works in this period are “The Pickwick Papers,” and “Oliver Twist.” The former is a book with a lot of fun. Although the second begins with miseries, it ends happily. Dickens creates the character of Mr. Brownlow to be learned from by the bourgeois class in the belief that in this way social problems can be eradicated. 2) 1842-1850. In this period, Dickens naive optimism about capital society was profoundly shaken. His works in this period are covered with gloom. Novels like “Martin Chuzzlewit,” and “Dombey and Son” severely criticize the social evils of Dickens time, especially the money-oriented nature of the bourgeois class. 3) 1851-1870. This period is even darker than the second. Up to this time, Dickens maintained some hope of reform under capitalism, but beginning from “Bleak House” there was an “underlying tone of bitterness” which showed the novelists loss of hope for English bourgeois society. “A Tale of Two Cities” is a representative work in this period. In this novel, Dickens vividly and relentlessly exposed the cruel deed of the upper class to the lower class. However, from this novel, we can see that even after his loss of hope, Dickens still held his reformist point of view. He didnt believe in revolution. He called for reforms on the existing system. 4) What are the differences between Realism and Modernism?要点：1. Realism and modernism are based on different philosophies, realism on rational philosophy while modernism on irrational philosophy. 2. Realistic literature describes the external, objective world while modernistic literature focuses on the inner, subjective world. Therefore, the former often writes about public life and the latter mainly about private life. 3. Realistic literature often follows the traditional way of chronological narration, but modernistic literature doesnt. It is a technique often employed to record the psychological activity of the characters in modernistic literature. 4. Realistic literature includes the traditional elements like plot and characterization, but modernistic literature doesnt. Usually there is no typical plot or characterization in modernistic literature. 5. Realistic works often have a resolution in the end while modernistic literature is often open-ended. 6. Realistic works are generally more optimistic than modernistic literature. There is often a pessimistic tone in the latter.realismmodernismrational philosophyirrational philosophyexternal, objective worldinner, subjective worldpublic lifeprivate lifetraditional way of chronological narrationconfusing narration; “stream of consciousness”plot and characterizationno typical plot or characterizationresolutionopen-endedoptimisticpessimistic5) What are the common elements of Romantic works? Cite individual writers and their works to illustrate your statements.要点：Romantic literature has the following characteristics: 1) sensibility; 2) primitivism; 3) love of nature; 4) mysticism; 5) individualism; 6) sympathetic interest in the past, especially the medieval; 7) against whatever characterized classicism. We can easily find examples of romantic writers whose works have the above features. Generally speaking, all romantic writers focus on the sensibility, especially the natural flow of feelings, rather than the outside world. Many romantic writers sing high praises of nature. Wordsworth is a good example. Its said that his poetry about nature is his best poetr