书面表达的应试技巧和策略.docx
书面表达的应试技巧和策略写作是四项语言技能中不可分割的一个重要部分，更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。该部分要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：1、 准确使用语法和词汇语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接的影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容，拼写和标点符号运用的正确与否也会在一定程度上影响到考生的成绩。2、 使用一定的句型和词汇来清楚、连贯的表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型、词组等的支持，清楚连贯的表达自己的思想。评分原则1、 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。2、 词数少于120或多于150的，从总分中减去2-5分。3、 评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。4、 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。5、 如书写较差以至影响交际，将分数降低2-3个档次。审题：要看清楚题目的每一个字，甚至标点符号，要深入透彻的理解题目的要求和含义，特别注意题目最后所做的特殊要求，比如：要不要写题目、写什么题目、词数的要求、等；然后在潜意识中确定文章的题材、体裁、时态、人称等要素；还有文章的要点。高考作文写作要求n 有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 n 由此可见，行文连贯是区分书面表达水平的重要标志之一。但是许多考生在写作中却往往忽视这一点，或不知如何才能做到行文连贯。其实，所谓行文连贯，也就是“有效地使用了语句的连接成分”，就是指通过使用过渡性词语来控制整个描述过程。首先我们必须明确：并不是句子长，句型复杂，就能使短文连贯。很多代词、短语、句型都能很好地连接上下文，确切地表达意思。n 有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 n 由此可见，行文连贯是区分书面表达水平的重要标志之一。但是许多考生在写作中却往往忽视这一点，或不知如何才能做到行文连贯。其实，所谓行文连贯，也就是“有效地使用了语句的连接成分”，就是指通过使用过渡性词语来控制整个描述过程。首先我们必须明确：并不是句子长，句型复杂，就能使短文连贯。很多代词、短语、句型都能很好地连接上下文，确切地表达意思。下面分各种情况进行讲解：巧用连接词一、在同一句话题上补充内容另外，还有：what is more, besides, also, moreover, in additioneg.1） The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect.房租很合理，另外，位置也很好。 2）I dont want to go ; besides, I m too tired. 我不想去了，另外，我也太累了。二、表示转折关系但是，然而，相反：but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contraryeg.1) The young man didnt enjoy his old job. On the contrary, he finds the new job very interesting. 那个年轻人不喜欢他原来的工作，相反，他觉得他的新工作很有意思。 2)Its too hot to go for a walk; lets go swimming instead. 出去散步太热了，咱们还是去游泳吧。三、表示因果关系因为：since, as, because +从句, because of + 短语 因此，所以：so, thus, therefore, as a result, so thateg.1) Because of the heavy rain, they had to put off the match. 由于下大雨，他们取消了比赛。 2)I dont want to disturb her as shes at an important meeting.我不想打扰她，因为她正在开一个重要的会。 3)These birds are very rare and therefore protected by law. 这些鸟非常稀有，所以受到了法律的保护。4)He arranged everything, so (that) we got there at one oclock.他安排好了一切，结果我们一点到达了那里5)He did such a good job that people all praised him. 他干了一件非常好的活，人们都夸奖他。=- so good a job that -.四、表示条件关系如果，只要：if , on the condition (that), as long as除非，如果不：unless否则： or elseeg.1)He could borrow my car as long as he didnt drive too fast.只要他开车不是太快，我就把车借给他。2)Ill come on the condition that John is invited too. 如果约翰也被邀请了，我就去。3)We must constantly study hard , (or ) else well fall behind .我们必须努力学习，不然就会落在后面。五、表示时间关系当.的时候： when, while, as 在.之后： after在.之前： before 直到： until, till一.就.： as soon as, once 后来，然后： later, afterwards不久： soon 近来： lately, recently自.以来： since, ever since 从那时起： from then oneg.1)I waited until 10 oclock, but he still didnt come. 我等到十点，但他还没来。 2)Its been years since I last saw him. 我已经好多年没有看见他了。 3)Its almost one year since I met you last. 从我上次见到你以来差不多有一年了。 4)We had dinner and went home afterwards. 我们吃了饭，然后回家。六、表示特定的顺序关系首先，最主要的：above all首先： first of all, firstly, first其次： secondly然后： then, next最后： finally, in the endeg.1）And above all, remember to send us your new address.首先要记住把你的新地址寄给我们。2)Firstly, Ill mention the advantages, then Ill talk about the disadvantages.首先我想提一下优点，然后是缺点。3)First I need your name and address. Secondly, whats your date of birth? 首先我要知道你的名字和地址，其次是你的出生日期。七、换一种方法表述换句话说：in other words, that is to say, to put it another wayeg.1）Lets go back to the original plan, that is to say, you go ahead by plane and well follow by car with the equipment. 让我们回到我们最初的计划，也就是说，你先乘飞机去，我们接着带这设备开车去。 2)Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard in other words, you failed. 你在考试中的表现没有达到预期的要求，换句话说，你考试没及格。八、进行举例说明例如，比如： for instance, for example, like, such aseg.1)A lot of us want to leave now Bill, for example. 我们中许多人想现在离开，不如比尔就是一个。2)Weve planted lots of different flowers, such as roses, carnations, and poppies.我们种了许多花，如：玫瑰，康乃馨和罂粟。九、用于陈述事实实际上：in fact, actually, as a matter of fact跟你说实话：to tell you the trutheg.1)She says its a good film. Actually, she hasnt seen it at all.他说这是一部好电影，其实她根本旧没有看国。2)To tell you the truth , who will go to the meeting is not important.告诉你实情吧，谁去参加会议并不重要。十、对一个话题进行总结总而言之，总的来说：on the whole, in short, all in all , in general, in a wordeg.1)On the whole, the area of desert in the world is growing every year.总的来说，世界上沙漠的面积在逐年增加。 2) In short, the film was the best Ive ever seen. 总的来说，这是我看过的最好的电影。十一、避免语法错误，提高语言的准确性。1. There are about 10 students are absent today. 2. It was said that he was graduated from Beijing University. 3. A lot of student in their class know it. 4. 2o% of opinion think it is bad. 5. There are 80% students hold the view that its . 6. The book which I paid$5 for it is well worth reading. 7. Keep pets can comfort us and make us happily. 8. I cant sure whether he is telling lies or not. 十二、美化句子：1、词的灵活多变2、短语的灵活多变3、句型的灵活多变4、句式的灵活多变词的灵活多变1、很，非常1)She is very happy. 2)Im terribly sorry.3)The movie was pretty good.4) He was most kind to me. 5) We were greatly shocked at the news.6) This story is highly significant. 7)The boss felt quiet pleased with my work.8) We were extremely excited at the news.9) What I said is perfectly clear.10) I felt totally exhausted by the time I got home.短语的灵活多变2. 喜欢：1) I dont care for baseball. 2) She is fond of playing the piano. 3) Many football fans are crazy about Beckham. 4) My son is mad about football. 5) Many people are keen on/ about Jin Yongs martial arts fictions.6) He has been addicted to the drug.7) Some adults are hooked on computer games as well.8) He has a passion for rock music.9) She has a great enthusiasm for personal computers.句型的灵活多变3. 我认为：I think, I believe I guess, In my opinion, 1) We hold that no country should interfere in the affairs of other countries. 我们认为任何国家都不应干涉别国的内政2) As I see it, nothing is more important than health.3) From my point of view, chatting online is a waste of time. 我个人认为，上网聊天是浪费时间。4) From where I stand, quality is more important than quality.从我的角度而言，质量比数量更重要。5) As far as Im concerned, learning English is a piece of cake. 就我看 小菜一碟。4、选词多样化1）He didnt come to the meeting yesterday because he was ill.2) When he was a child, he wanted to learn everything.3)Ill thank you if you think about my application.4) Many people are worried about the problem of air pollution.5) We all think that air pollution is a very serious problem.1) His illness accounted for his absence from the meeting yesterday.2) When he was a child, he had a strong appetite for knowledge.3) Ill appreciate it if you can take my application into consideration.4) The problem of air pollution has caused wide public concern.5) There is no denying that air pollution is an extremely seriously problem. 6) It seems to me that buying lottery tickets is a waste of money. 在我看来买彩票是浪费钱。7）I accept the idea that College English Test should be cancelled. 我认为应该取消大学英语过级考试。句式的灵活多变5、句型多样化：1）China is a big country. It has a large population. 合并2） He enjoys playing football. He also enjoys playing basketball.合并3) We should make efforts to reduce air pollution.语态4）The quality of the car is good. The price of the car is also reasonable. 使用短语5）She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (用过去分词）6）It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.(名词性从句）7）It was raining heavily, but they went on with the work. (状语从句）8）We suffered from cold and hunger in those days. The days are gone. (倒装）9) If it is necessary, you can turn to your teacher for help. (省略）2005年福建英语高考卷目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”.请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文搞。内容要点如下： 主要原因 :考试偏多、偏难；不用功、懒惰 ；取悦父母、老师 个人看法 ：作弊不对，违反校规，要诚实，努力学习（其他看法）注意：1。短文必须包括内容要点，可适当发挥； 2。短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数； 3。词数：100左右。4。参考词汇：作弊cheat(v.)My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school. As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and dont work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers. In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. Whats more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations. 2005年高考标准卷（24分） There are three reasons for it. First, today a lot of tests make students boring and most of them are difficult. Second, some students are lazy. They spend little time in studying. Third, the students who cheat in examinations want to make their parents and teachers pleased. In my opinion, its wrong to cheat in examinations, because it breaks the school rules. Whats more, as a student, we must be honest and we should work hard at study. Above all, I think examinations are not important, but its important to know what you have learnt and what you will learn. 19分 There are several reasons for it. The first reason is that examination is becoming difficulty. Too much exams made some students worn out. The second is because of their laziness. They dont work hard on studying at usual time. So when the exam comes, they have to cheat to make up for their laziness. The most important reason for cheating is in order to make their teachers、parents happy. But what will they feel if they know the result is untrue.In my opinion, cheating is a bad action. Its wrong to cheat in exams because it breaks the schools rule. Be honest is very important for every students. The much work you made, the better result youll receive. We should have confidence about ourselves. Cheating only can lead to a worse result. Dont cheat, believe yourselves.(To be continued)请继续看一下文章：n 1. Today is Labor Day. It is a festival. I went to the East Lake Park with my friends. I saw lanterns and streamers. Many people were there. We had a picnic. We cleared away the rubbish.n . Today is Labor Day, an important festival for laboring people all over the world. In the morning we went to the East Lake Park. Which was decorated with lanterns and colored streamers. People were having wonderful time there. We had a picnic under a big tree. After that we cleared away the rubbish.n 2. I like English. I listen to English broadcast. I read English materials. I practice my spoken English. I won the English competition this year and published articles. I will work harder. Im very interested in English. In my spare time I keep on listenning to English broadcast. Besides, I read 5 pages of English materials every day and often practise my spoken English. This year I won the first place at the spoken English competition of the city, and I often have my articles published in the English column of the school paper. I will work harder to improve my English.n 3. Peter is a boy. He walked along the street. He found a well. A well was uncovered. It was dangerous. The cover was heavy. He heard a shout. He went back. He moved the cover away. A worker came out. The worker was repairing something in the well. Peter is a kind boy. One day when he was walking along the street, he found a well was uncovered. He thought it was dangerous to the people who pass by. So he decided to cover the well. The cover was heavy. It took him great trouble but finally he managed to cover the well .As soon as he turned his back to go away, he heard a shout coming under the cover. He was quite surprised and went back to move the cover away. Then a worker came out of the well. He was repairing something in the well.4. In the morning, I got up. I walked to school. I saw smoke rising from a building. It must be on fire. I dialed 119. Fire engines arrived. The fire men put out the fire. In the morning I got up early and walked to school. Suddenly, I saw plenty of dark smoke rising from a building nearby. I knew it must be on fire. So I went to the nearest telephone booth and dialed 119 immediately. Three minutes later, some fire engines arrived and the fire was put out eventually.5. Our village is not big. It has one hundred households. It has five hundred people. In the past, it was poor. Now people lead a better life. People have TV sets, telephones and refrigerators. Some are better than the families in cities. There is a school in the village. A lecture building was built. It is a beautiful building. Our village is not big. It has only less than one hundred households with a population of five hundred . In the past, it was poor. But now great changes have taken place here. People all lead a better life than before. Most families have TV sets, telephones and refrigerators. Some are even better than the families in cities. In the center of the village there is a school . All the children of school age can study here. A new lecture building was built recently and it is one of the most beautiful buildings in the village.6. A traffic accident happened yesterday. The accident happened at the second corner on Hongxing Road. A car was knocked over by a truck. The truck driver drank too much. The driver couldnt see the road .He saw the car. He couldnt control the truck. One person died. One person was injured. A traffic accident happened at the second corner on Hong Road yesterday. A car was knocked over by a truck. The truck driver drank too much before he drove. He was dizzy and couldnt see the road clearly. So when he saw the car he was too drunk to control the truck. As a result one person died and one was injured in the accident.7. Antarctica is the coldest continent. Antarctica lies in the south of the earth. Antarctica is 140,000 square kilometers. There is ice and snow there. There is no population. It is a rich continent. There are natural resources and animals. Scientists went to explore it. It is a valuable continent. Antarctica, which is the coldest continent in the world, lies in the extreme south of the earth. It has an area of about 140,000 square kilometers. Its covered with thick ice and deep snow all year long, so it has no population. But it is a rich continent and there are rich natural resources. Many well-known animals live there such as penguins, whales and it is rich in
