英语四六级及考研英语过线速成办法.doc

一、序1.1试卷结构四级和六级的试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试时间如下表所示：试卷结构测试内容测试题型分值比例考试时间写作写作短文写作15%30分钟听力理解听力对话短对话多项选择8%30分钟长对话多项选择7%听力短文短文理解多项选择10%短文听写单词及词组听写10%阅读理解词汇理解选词填空5%40分钟长篇阅读匹配10%仔细阅读多项选择20%翻译汉译英段落翻译15%30分钟总计100%130分钟1.2 时间安排时间点CET4/6工作概述考生操作内容提示信息其他说明8:40/14:40考生入场1、出示准考证、身份证、学生证。2、手机禁入考场3、入座后，请调试耳机，试听。1、证件不齐者，严禁入场，不能参加考试。2、核对好听力音频，开考后不再试听。9:00/15:00下发考试材料1、检查试题册、条形码、答题卡的印刷质量。2、阅读试题正面“敬告学生”内容。3、粘贴条形码、填写个人信息。1、非听力考试期间不得佩戴耳机且不得提前翻阅试题册，否则按违规处理。2、作文题目在试题册背面，使用黑色签字笔在答题卡1上作答。3、作文题考试时间为30分钟，之后将立即进行听力考试。9:10/15：10考试正式开始开始作答作文9:35/15:35提示考生继续作答五分钟后将开始听力考试监考老师口头提醒9:40/15:40听力考试开始1、打开试题册，带上耳机2、进行听力考试请考生掌握好答题卡1的填涂时间，听力录音播放完毕，将立刻收回答题卡1听力理解30分钟10:10/16:10听力考试结束停止作答，摘下耳机收回答题卡1考试暂停5分钟10:15/16:15命令考生继续作答作答阅读理解和翻译部分11:15/17:15提示考生继续作答10分钟后将结束考试监考老师口头提醒11:25/17:25考试结束考生停止作答收回答题卡与试题册1.3 答题卡样板答题卡1样板： 答题卡2样板： 1.4 做题顺序根据分值比例与难易度，强烈推荐做题顺序：作文 听力 翻译 仔细阅读 长篇阅读 选词填空（固定）解释：·作文与听力顺序固定，开考就做了，就不论述了。·翻译题15%分值，比较主观，先做准没错，若放到最后做，翻译的时间绝对不够，导致这题做不完。·仔细阅读 20%分值，分值较高，占去阅读理解分值的一大半，还敢不先做？·长篇阅读（也称段落匹配）10%分值，不难，放在仔细阅读后做。·词汇理解（选词填空）5%分值，分值最低，就算最后万一没时间做了随便蒙几个也不会丢太多分，况且我还有秘籍在手，做此题最多错两个。1.5 听力材料阅读顺序播放录音前（作文写完了，录音没播放的那段时间） 看长对话之后的题目开始播放录音之时（一播放录音就得回头看这个） 看短对话（1-8）听完了选项不要发呆，立刻选出答案，然后看后面题目的选项，能往后看多少题就往后看多少题。每段听力听完了循环此过程。二、阅读插入语可跳原则：逗号：两逗号之间的句子可跳过 xxxxxx （， 可跳过 ，） xxxxx 例：the biologists have, actually for a long time, 逗号后出现的分词短语，从句可跳过破折号后为插入语，可跳2.1仔细阅读2.1.1 题型仔细阅读有四大类型的题一、 细节推断题（出现频率最高，题量最多）二、 词汇指代题（句子理解）三、 主旨大意题四、 观点态度题2.1.2 细节推断题阶梯步骤两大定位原则1、三步定位法 A、找出题干中的关键词（定位词） 定位词优先级 名词>动词>形容词>副词 （专有名词&数词优先）B、回文定位C、正确选择2、自然段定位原则（顺序原则） A、位置对应原则：正确的选项与题干关键词处于同一段 B、同义改写原则：正确答案是对原文的同义改写，而不是直接摘抄 C、概括原则：选项中表达意义越具体，或者肤浅地表达了字面意思的一般不是正确选项。而具有概括性的，含义深刻的，角度较高的是正确答案。广义的>具体的 （同一段情况下） D、差异性原则：选项内容与其他三项有较大差异的为正确答案。 E、绝对词：选项中有绝对词的一般非正确答案Must, always, never, have to, any, hardly, only, the most, all, none 等等3、细节题常考点 A、列举处常考标志词：first, second, third some, other . B、举例和比方常考For example, such us like for instance C、转折处常考But, yet, however, on the other hand, while, D、原因处常考Because, as, for, since E、列举人物论断处常考 F、特殊符号处常考 ! ? 感叹号，问号 等.2.1.3 词汇指代题解题方法：1、逻辑关系反义、转折、同义2、语法关系3、特殊符号冒号（补充说明）分号（并列）括号（解释，补充） 引号（引用，反讽）破折号（补充说明）2.1.4 主旨大意题主题型：main idea标题型：topic 或者 title目的型：purpose1、解题原则 A、寻找T.S句 Topic sentence B、首尾原则首新闻报道，说明文尾议论文，总分总结构文整合每段主题句，归纳大意2、特例A、当文章首句后出现but, yet, however, on the other hand, while 等表示转折的词时，T.S句后移。B、某段无T.S句C、主题句出现在总结词之后四级中常见总结词：in brief, above, after all, to sum up, conclude 等2.1.5 观点态度题最大标识为 attitude解法：根据作者使用的表示观点，态度，结论的词性的褒贬性，或例子的褒贬性来判断态度。1、 阅读时做标记（关于含有态度的形容词和副词）2、 一般来说，带有绝对化或过于强烈的表达是错误的选项，保留态度的、比较客观的选项才是正确选项。3、 注意看清是问作者自己的态度还是引用别人的态度三、翻译3.1翻译原则：1、 结构不可译，语义可译2、 词典意不可靠，语境重要3、 参考译文不参考，译对就好无捷径，多练习，多对比英汉语言想练习翻译，查找自己的语法问题，用Word即可。试着把翻译的英文打在word里，如下：We always working till late at night before taking exams. (语法错误)We always work till late at night before taking exams. （语法正确）那么，知道错误怎样改正？很简单，语法错误的地方已经被绿色波浪下划线表示出来，鼠标右击绿色波浪线上的单词，然后自己寻找更正吧。3.2 英汉语言对比 （试着翻译）1、形合与意合：还原逻辑关系·我今天吃食堂·听到这消息，他满眼是泪·学得有趣，效率就会高；学得很苦，效率就低·我买了6支钢笔，一共三十元。拿回家一看，都是用过的。·（他）听到这消息（的时候），他满眼是泪When he heard the news, his eyes were filled with tears.·我买了6支钢笔，（这6支钢笔）一共三十元。（当我）拿回家一看，（我发现钢笔）都是用过的。I bought six pens which cost me thirty dollar. When I took them back home, I found they were second hand.2、直线与螺旋：调整重心汉语重心在后，英语重心靠前·天色已晚，住在这吧Youd better stay here because it is too late outside now.3竹节与流水：化整为零长短句的拆分与组合英国人写文章往往化零为整，中国人则往往化整为零·老师到得很早，学生们很高兴·一见到Kimi，我就想到他爸比·The teachers early arrived pleased the student.·The sight of Kimi reminds me of his daddy.4、 主语与话题：符合语法要求·食堂今天吃饺子·开汽车没有方向盘不行5、 被动与主动6、 物称与人称：无灵主语·风吹雨成花，时间追不上白马·经过调查，我们得出上述结论·职责所在，我不能临阵脱逃·Its my duty, so I cant fly from the danger.·My duty forbids me to fly from the danger.7、 静态与动态：名词化趋势·学生们欣赏那位老师的讲课·爱的痛了，痛的哭了·坐你开的车，听你唱的歌·The students appreciate the teachers teaching.·A painful love & a tearful pain.8、 省略与补充：增减词汇·Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep;moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.·A government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.Lincoln9、引申与推理：符合表达习惯 ·I am not quite sure of his having said it.·This is the surest guarantee that we shall be successful.·He made a sure step out if the mud.·She had a sure grasp of the subject.·He is very sure in his beliefs.(五句中的 sure 各表达了什么意思)三、听力（浓缩精华，细细品味）·短对话（1-8）中，第二个人说的话一般是出题点·所有题目中转折词之后的内容一般是出题点，关键词最重要·男的矮丑穷怂迟到旷课丢工作，女的高大上白富美不去约会功课做完考试满分永远正确的女神范·短对话（1-8）听到什么不选什么，长对话与短文听力（9-25）听到什么选什么。四、写作邮箱： hqqxdf 密码： 新东方老师邮箱，勿改密码！邮箱： cet4cet6 密码： neworiental新东方老师邮箱，勿改密码！每行10个单词，总共写15行，即可达标，严格按标准写。图表题与图画题除去第一段与对比观点题/社会热点话题不同外，其余段落写作结构、方法与其完全相同。其余段落可以任选对比观点题/社会热点话题的写作方法进行仿写。SO，意思就是只要掌握对比观点题/社会热点话题 两种题型的写作方式，就OK了！对比观点题（两方观点）Recently the problem that choosing the proper book to read has been brought into focus, while there are two opposite views about recreational activities.First and foremost, some people think those recreational activities are great and necessary, because they can help people relax from the hard work and study. Some of the activities, such as hiking, jogging, can help people relax physically; while some of them, such as surfing the Internet, can help people relax mentally. Apart from that, they can explore a students talent, develop a student's ability in communication, and teach them to be more independent. However, opposite voices can also be heard by asserting that recreational activities waste too much time, and therefore may hinder student from focusing on his or her study. In addition, some people may not resist some temptations from those activities, and indulge themselves in those activities. To sum up. I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. Only in this way can our life be better /Only by doing sth. can our life be better 起> 第一段 1引出话题 2观点不同承> 第二段 1一种观点 2原因（两点）转> 第三段 1承上启下 2另一种观点 3原因（两点）合> 第四段 1我的观点 2原因（一点） 3决心社会热点话题Nowadays, an increasingly growing number of museums are open to the visitors in some big cities such as Beijing, Wuhan and Shanghai. This phenomenon is more and more popular among the public. Although free admission to museums enjoys distinct advantages, it also brings harmful effects. In the first place, these valuable cultural relics displayed may be damaged consciously or unconsciously by the crowds. In the second place, it becomes a huge economic burden for museums to run as usual without any profits from the visitors. What is more, the growing visitors crowd the museums, which is possible to result in some accidents.In my opinion, to solve the problem above-mentioned, the government should provide more opportunities for citizens to explore and get access to the public knowledge and local culture. Moreover, kids and teenagers can acquire knowledge in the vivid ways in museums. Only in this way can our life be better /Only by doing sth. can our life be better第一段 1现象 2举例第二段 总分 1原因一 2原因二第三段 总分总 1做法一 2做法二 3决心图表题柱状图（Bar graph）线形图（Line graph）饼状图（Pie graph）表格（table）Student Use of Computers Students tend to use computers more and more frequently nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours, and in 2000, the number soared to 20 hours.Obviously computers are becoming increasingly popular. There are several reasons for this change. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower, which enables more students to purchase them. However, there still exist some problems, such as poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on. And how to balance the time between using computers and studying is also a serious problem. Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.第一段现状描述+总体描述+细节描述现状描述：指出图所折射的社会现象。（一般现在时）总体描述：指出数值变化和数值变化速度。（图与时间有关用现在完成时，无关则用一般现在时）细节描述：选取2-3个特殊值来写。（用一般过去时）图表题除去第一段与对比观点题/社会热点话题不同外，其余段落写作结构、方法与其完全相同。其余段落可以任选对比观点题/社会热点话题的写作方法进行仿写。图画题第一段描述图画+现状As is vividly revealed in the picture, the boy expresses his worries about disposing of nuclear waste, while his father advises him to empty the dustbin first. Never in our history has the idea thatbeen so popular.图画题除去第一段与对比观点题/社会热点话题不同外，其余段落写作结构、方法与其完全相同。其余段落可以任选对比观点题/社会热点话题的写作方法进行仿写。段落/场景翻译讲解和练习1. 中秋习俗在中国月饼是一种特殊的食品，广受海内外华人的欢迎。中秋吃月饼就好比圣诞节吃馅饼(mince pies)。为了庆祝中秋节，中国人通常做两件事：一是观赏满月。二是品尝美味的月饼。中秋节是每年农历八月十五日。据说，这一天的月亮是一年中最圆的。而月亮正是庆贺中秋的全部主题。在中国人眼中，月饼象征着全家人的大团圆。参考译文：Moon cakes are a special kind of food in China. They are very popular with the Chinese at home and abroad. Moon cakes are to Mid-Autumn Festival what mince pies are to Christmas. To celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese usually do two things: enjoy the full moon and eat delicious moon cakes. Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar. It is the time when the moon is said to be at its brightest and fullest. And the moon is what this celebration is all about. In the eyes of the Chinese people , a moon cake symbolizes the reunion of all family members.讲解：第二句中的“就好比”可以用“s like”，但译文中所用句型更好地表达这个含义。如：“智力之于大脑，犹如视力之于躯体。“ Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.”2. 传统艺术 皮影戏又称“影子戏”。它是中国著名民间戏剧形式之一。表演时艺人通常一边演唱一边操纵用兽皮或纸板制作的人物形象。它们的影子通过灯光出现在帘布上。这营造了有人物在活动的幻象。有时表演者需要控制三到四个偶人。皮影戏在我国历史悠久，元代时还曾传到世界上很多国家，迷倒了不少国外戏迷，被人们亲切地称为“中国影灯”。参考译文The shadow puppet play, also known as shadow play, is one of Chinas famous folk opera forms. During the performance, players usually sing while holing/manipulating human figures, which are made of animal skin and paper board. The shadows of those human figures are reflected on a curtain through the light. This creates the illusion of moving images. Sometimes the performer needs to control three or four puppets. Shadow puppet play enjoys a long history in China. It was introduced to many countries during the Yuan Dynasty and attracted many foreign audience. They call the art form Chinese shadow play.3. 社交饥渴手机，是一项伟大的发明。但很显然，手机也刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条公告：请与会者关闭手机。可是，会议室里手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少特别重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征着我们与这个世界的联系。显然，手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。(thirst for socialization)参考译文The cell phone is a great invention. But obviously, It has altered the relationship among people. There is usually a notice on the door of the meeting room, which reads, “Please turn off your hand-set.” However, phones ring now and then when the meeting goes on. We are but ordinary people and have few urgencies to tackle with. Nevertheless, we will not switch off our phones easily. Phones-on symbolizes our connecting with this world. Obviously, cell phone has been reflecting our “thirst for socialization”. 4. 北京介绍北京是座有三千年历史的古城。早在公元前十一世纪，北京就是燕国的国都，因此北京有燕京之称。在以后的几千年里，北京又成为金、元、明、清各朝的国都。北京是中国的六大古都之一，其他五个是西安、南京、洛阳、开封和杭州。北京是座既古老又年轻的城市，有许多名胜古迹。从故宫、天坛到颐和园，你们可以看到北京保留了许多昔日的风采。参考译文Beijing is an ancient city with a history of 3,000 years. As early as the 11th century, B.C., it was the capital of the Kingdom of Yan; that's why Beijing is also known as Yanjing. In the few thousand years afterwards, Beijing again served as the capital for the Jin,Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Beijing is one of China's six ancient capitals; the other five are Xian，Nanjing, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou. Beijing is a city both old and young, with many places of historical interest and scenic beauty. From the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, and the Summer Palace, you can see that Beijing has retained a lot of color of old Chinese life.5. 生活习惯多少年来，我养成了一个习惯：每天早晨四点在黎明以前起床工作。我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活儿。因此我对黎明前的北京的了解是在屋子里感觉到的。我从前在什么报上读过一篇文章，讲黎明时分天安门广场上的清洁工人。那情景必然是非常动人的，可惜我从未能见到，只是心向往之而已。参考译文For many years, I have been in the habit of getting up before daybreak to start work at four. Instead of going out for a jog or walk, Ill set about my work as soon as Im out of bed. As a result, it is from inside my study that I've got the feel of predawn Beijing. Years ago, I hit upon a newspaper article about street cleaners in Tiananmen Square at daybreak. It must have been a very moving scene, but what a pity I havent seen it with my own eyes. I can only picture it in my mind longingly.6. 保护动物目前，人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏，美丽的大自然已经不那么美丽了。保护野生动物，也就是保护人类自己。我强烈呼吁：不要再捕杀黑猩猩，不要再捕杀野生动物了，让我们人类多一些地球上的朋友，多给我们下一代保留一些野生动物吧! 否则，地球将毁灭在人类手中，人类将毁灭在自己手中。参考译文At present, mans living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful. Protection of wild life is protection of man himself. So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal. Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild life for future generations. Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.7. 学习英语到中国来旅游观光的人很少不会注意到中国人学习英语的劲头。公园里有专门的英语角，老老少少会定期聚在一起操练。马路上外国游客常常被学习英语的人围住交谈，从天气到政治，无所不谈。各种英语班如雨后春笋在到处出现。参考译文Few visitors to China will fail to notice the eagerness of the Chinese to learn English.2) In public parks there are special corners where English learners old and young gather at regular time to practise their spoken English.3) Foreign visitors are often besieged on streets by English learners who want to talk with them in English abut anything from weather to politics.4) English classes are mushrooming across the land.8. 发明创造过去50年其实并不是发明创新的黄金时期。从1900年到1950年，改变人类生活的发明有汽车、飞机、电话、收音机、电视机当然还有核武器和计算机。而近50年来，只有为数不多的发明。难道发明的源泉已经枯竭了吗？答案并非如此。事实上，发明的新时代刚刚开始。参考译文Actually the last fifty years was not the golden age of invention and innovation. From 1900 to 1950, human life was transformed by such invention as cars, aeroplanes, telephones, radios and television sets, not to mention nuclear weapons and the computer of course. In the recent 50 years since only a few inventions have been made, was the wellspring of invention drying up? Not likely. Indeed, a new age of invention is just beginning.9. 电脑技术有些人担心电脑技术的广泛使用会进一步恶化就业形势。但另一种观点认为尽管这对个人来说会丢掉饭碗，对整个社会来说由于提高了生产率，因而有利于经济的发展。不管对社会影响如何，有一点是肯定的：有技术的人变得越来越吃香，没技术的人工作越来越难找。参考译文Some people are worrying that the wide use of computer technology will cause further unemployment. Another argumen