Module9 Unit 3 课件外研版八年级英语上册.pptx
Module9 Population Unit 3 Language in use. 冠词是置于冠词是置于名词名词之前，用以说明名词所指的人或之前，用以说明名词所指的人或事物的一种虚词。事物的一种虚词。冠词有三种形式：冠词有三种形式：不定冠词不定冠词 a, an, 定冠定冠 the零冠词零冠词冠词冠词不定冠词不定冠词 a / an的用法：的用法：1. a 用以辅音音素开头的单词前，用以辅音音素开头的单词前，an 用以元音音素开头的单词前。用以元音音素开头的单词前。 a book, a table, an elephant, an orange 2. 表示数量表示数量“一一”，意思与，意思与“one”接近，但数的概念没有接近，但数的概念没有one强。强。The little girl played a whole day outside. 3. 用于首次提到的某人或某物前，表泛指。用于首次提到的某人或某物前，表泛指。 A teacher from England will teach us English. 4. 用于可数名词的单数前，表示一类人或物。用于可数名词的单数前，表示一类人或物。 A tiger is very dangerous. 5. 表示某类人或事物当中的任何一个，相当于表示某类人或事物当中的任何一个，相当于one，泛指人或事物的类别。，泛指人或事物的类别。He is a ball player. 6. 表示表示“每一个每一个”，相当于，相当于every。用在表示时间，速度，价格的名词前。用在表示时间，速度，价格的名词前。You should take this medicine three times a day. 7. 表示表示 “某一某一” 。A Mr. Wang is waiting for you. 定冠词定冠词 the 的用法的用法 1. 定冠词是指特定的人或物，用于特指的名词前。定冠词是指特定的人或物，用于特指的名词前。 The book is mine. 2. 表示上文提到的或说话双方都知道的人或物。表示上文提到的或说话双方都知道的人或物。 I heard a report. The report was about war.3. 用于序数词、形容词最高级以及对两者进行比较时起特用于序数词、形容词最高级以及对两者进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。定作用的比较级前。Its the most interesting book I have read. I have two sisters. The elder one is a doctor. 4. 世界上独一无二的事物前常用世界上独一无二的事物前常用the。The moon goes around the earth. 5. 在姓的复数形式前加在姓的复数形式前加the，表示一家人或夫妇二人。，表示一家人或夫妇二人。the Greens 格林一家人或格林夫妇格林一家人或格林夫妇 6. 用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物。用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物。 the rich, the poor, the old7. 用于江河、山脉、湖泊、岛屿、杂志和报纸等专有名词前。用于江河、山脉、湖泊、岛屿、杂志和报纸等专有名词前。the Changjiang River, the Great Wall, the Summer Palace 8. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the United States 9. 用于乐器名称前。用于乐器名称前。play the piano / violin 零冠词的用法零冠词的用法1. 复数可数名词前，表示人或物的类别，或泛指不定量的人或物。复数可数名词前，表示人或物的类别，或泛指不定量的人或物。There are pens and books on the desk.2. 当名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词及名词所有格等修饰时。当名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词及名词所有格等修饰时。She is our math teacher. No one can get this book. 3. 交通工具、学科名词前。交通工具、学科名词前。 by boat, on foot I like chemistry. 4. 球类运动、棋类游戏及语言名称前。球类运动、棋类游戏及语言名称前。 He prefers to play football. 5. 季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐等名词前。季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐等名词前。in spring, on Monday，Childrens Day is coming. Mina is (1) _ eighteen-year-old girl. Shes got (2) _ brother and (3) _ sister. Mina is (4) _ oldest child in (5) _ family. She lives in (6) _ very big city. She has (7) _ job in (8) _ hotel. She hopes that one day she will have (9) _ chance to go to (10) _ college.antheaatheaaaaComplete the passage with a, an or the where necessary.数的表达数的表达一、分数的表达一、分数的表达用用“基数词序数词基数词序数词”表示，其中表示，其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。分子除用分子除用one外，也可用外，也可用a；如果分子大于；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。，分母要用复数形式。Two thirds of the students have passed the exam. 注意：注意：12不能说不能说a (one) second，而要说，而要说a (one) half。 14 和和 34可以说可以说 a (one) fourth 和和three fourths，但常用，但常用 a quarter和和 three quarters表示。表示。若它们在句子中作主语，则若它们在句子中作主语，则谓语动词谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即与分数所修饰的名词保持一致与分数所修饰的名词保持一致。 About two thirds of the students attend the meeting6，500，431，729hundredthousandmillionbillion注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、十、个向下读。十、个向下读。二、大数字的表达二、大数字的表达How to read the following numbers?eleven thousand two hundred and thirty fourtwo thirdsone fifthone hundred and fifty-five thousand, seven hundred and twenty-onethree hundred and twenty-six million, four hundred and fourteen thousand, seven hundred and eighteen2/31/511,234155,721326,414,718a) 4,437,000b) 22,956,000c) 314,791,000d) 1,370,537,000Match the countries with their populations. (P76/1)1 China2 the US3 Australia4 New ZealandRead the chart and answer the questions.1. Which city had the largest population in 2000?2. Which citys population will increase the most from 2000 to 2025?3. Which city will have a larger increase in its population, New York or Mexico City?4. Which city/cities do you think will have the biggest population problem? Why?1. Tokyo had the largest population in 2000.2. Mumbais population will increase the most from 2000 to 2025.3. Mexico City will have a larger increase in its population.4. I think Mumbai will have the biggest population problem because its population will increase the fastest. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. few good much small1 We believe the schools in Arnwick are very good, and we are working to make them even_ .2 Their flat is too large for two people. They want to find a _one.3 Anna always talks about her ideas. I think she needs to listen _.4 There are a lot of parks in this city. I think there are _parks in a lot of other cities.bettersmallermorefewer6 Complete the diagram showing population problems. Use the words in the box to help you.air city country hospital increase public service traffic waterProblems of ArnwickProblems: Population_People arrive in _the cityincreasesPeople move from_the countrysideEnvironmental problemsExample:_ _ _ _Health problemsExample:_Problems for the governmentExamples:_air pollutionwater pollutiontoo much trafficrubbishnot enough hospitalsneed more schools and busesneed better public servicesneed more police to protect people7 Complete the passage with the words in the box. countryside pollution population space trafficOur world is facing many problems. Two of the biggest are increasing population and pollution. The (1) _of the world is increasing quickly. Why is this happening? Because more babies are born every year and people also live longer. Many people are leaving the(2) _ to work in the cities, but there is not enough (3) _for so many people. Another huge problem for the world is (4)_. There is so much (5) _ on the roads that in some cities the air is heavily polluted. We must work harder to protect our world. populationcountrysidespacepollutiontrafficall over the world closed down in the future it takes not any more8 Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box.1 Growing population is a problem_.2 The population of China may grow more slowly . 3 The supermarket when a bigger one opened in the town.4 Usually an hour to get there by bus.5 The town had a lot of population in the past but it is a problem .all over the worldin the futureclosed downit takesnot any more 9 Listen and choose the best summary.a)It is cheaper to share a car than to have a personal car.b) People in a car club do not often take buses, trains or the underground.c) There are no car clubs in the US.d) Joining car clubs is good for you and for the city.10 Listen again and choose the correct answer.1 Joining a car club is cheaper / more expensive than having a personal car.2 People in car clubs pay for / do not pay for a car when they drive.3 People in car clubs sometimes / never take a bus or ride a bike.4 People in car clubs probably are / are not healthier.
